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ANCIENT HISTORY ATAR Course Examination 2018 Marking ANCIENT HISTORY ATAR course examination 2018 Marking Key Marking keys are an explicit statement about what the examining panel expect of candidates when they respond to particular examination items. They help ensure a consistent interpretation of the criteria that guide the awarding of marks. Copyright © School Curriculum and Standards Authority 2018 2018/59604 ANCIENT HISTORY 2 MARKING KEY Section One: Short answer – Unit 3 25% (25 Marks) Question 1 (5 marks) Describe the immediate aftermath of the Battle of Megiddo and give two examples of the subsequent Egyptian actions. Marks Describes in detail the immediate aftermath of the Battle of Megiddo. 3 Provides some detail about the immediate aftermath of the battle. 2 Provides superficial comment about the immediate aftermath of the battle. 1 Subtotal 3 Gives two examples of the subsequent Egyptian actions. 2 Gives one example of the subsequent Egyptian actions. 1 Subtotal 2 Total 5 Markers’ notes: The end of the battle was a rout with the coalition of enemies fleeing from the Egyptians back to Megiddo where the inhabitants had closed the gates but hauled members of the defeated army up over the walls by a variety of improvised measures. The Egyptian army pursued their foe as far as the coalition camp where despite exhortations from their leaders to the contrary, they stopped to loot the abandoned treasures. In subsequent actions the Egyptians set up a siege and took what they wanted from the surrounding countryside in the way of crops and livestock. Later, Tuthmosis III was gracious in his treatment of his defeated enemies. He also established a ‘feast of victory’ to Amun of five days. This was the first time such a feast was held. Question 2 (5 marks) Identify and explain the economic impact of the growth of empire on the Egyptian state in Dynasty 18. Description Marks Identifies and explains in detail the economic impact of the growth of empire on 5 the Egyptian state in Dynasty 18. Identifies and explains the economic impact of the growth of empire on the Egyptian state in Dynasty 18. 4 Provides some identification and explanation of the economic impact of the 3 growth of empire on the Egyptian state in Dynasty 18. Provides some general description of the economic impact of the growth of 2 empire on the Egyptian state in Dynasty 18. Makes only superficial comments about the economic impact of the growth of 1 empire on the Egyptian state in Dynasty 18. Total 5 Markers’ notes: Booty/tribute/trade from and with old and newfound allies both to the north and to the south. Together with a system of allies bound to Egypt by hostage taking (children educated at the Egyptian court), judicious marriage contracts with allies, and careful diplomatic representation. Combined with border controls/forts and military outposts meant security of trade routes, stability of allies, peace and security within Egypt, a huge influx of wealth and the ability to complete massive building projects – thus an increased need for labourers, craftsmen, raw materials/products and so forth -- whole country prospered. MARKING KEY 3 ANCIENT HISTORY Question 3 (5 marks) Outline the organisation and weaponry of the Egyptian military in Dynasty 18. Description Marks Outlines in detail the organisation and weaponry of the Egyptian military in 5 Dynasty 18. Outlines the organisation and weaponry of the Egyptian military in Dynasty 18. 4 Provides a general outline of the organisation and weaponry of the Egyptian 3 military in Dynasty 18. Provides a list of some elements of the organisation and/or weaponry of the 2 Egyptian military in Dynasty 18. Provides superficial comment on the organisation or weaponry of the Egyptian 1 military in Dynasty 18. Total 5 Markers’ notes: Candidates should know/outline some of the following: Organisation: Development of a standing army led by pharaoh as Commander in Chief. Similarly, the navy which had both sailors and marines. The army developed from two divisions under Tuthmosis III to four divisions under Rameses II (although Rameses II is Dynasty 19). The elite were the charioteers. An infantry of spearmen, archers, axe bearers, club bearers and slingers. Many carried swords and/or daggers as well. Each group had their own officers and were divided further into new recruits, experienced soldiers and experts. There was also an intelligence unit comprised of scouts, spies and messengers. All of this was backed up by a substantial headquarters administration which dealt with recruits, supplies, communications, accounts, records and such. Weaponry: The most significant weapons were the khepresh sword – which was an evil thing shaped like a sickle and the composite bow – in the right hands, deadly accurate over a long range. ANCIENT HISTORY 4 MARKING KEY Question 4 (5 marks) Explain the concept of maat and the importance of its role in the successful functioning of the Egyptian state. Description Marks Explains the concept of maat with detail. 2 Explains the concept of maat with limited detail. 1 Subtotal 2 Explains in detail the importance of the role of maat in the successful functioning 3 of the Egyptian state, with supporting evidence. Describes the importance of the role of maat in the successful functioning of the 2 Egyptian state, with some supporting evidence. Makes only superficial comment about the importance of the role of maat in the 1 successful functioning of the Egyptian state. Subtotal 3 Total 5 Markers’ notes: Basically the concept of justice and the concept of order in the Egyptian state as opposed to chaos. It is a religious concept but overarching the governance of the country. It is a complex notion but basically could partially translate into God’s in his/her heaven; all is right with the world. Represented as a feather or as a goddess with the feather of justice/order in her hair. This was the feather that was weighed against the heart of the deceased in the judgement of Osiris. The importance of maat was expressed through the power of the king and his representatives in keeping the state stable and functioning. Thus a strong monarch was essential to ensure order. The Nile Valley was seen as the epitome of maat whereas the desert and foreigners were seen as the epitome of chaos. Thus the desert hunting scenes had more than one meaning as did the images of the king triumphant over his enemies. Basically, maat underpinned the whole State. MARKING KEY 5 ANCIENT HISTORY Question 5 (10 marks) Outline differences between Amun Temples and the Temples to the Aten and explain the difference in the way the gods were worshipped. Description Marks Outlines accurately and with citation of relevant evidence, the differences 4–5 between Amun Temples and the Temples to the Aten. Outlines with some omissions and with some citation of evidence, the differences 2–3 between Amun Temples and the Temples to the Aten. Makes superficial comment about the differences between Amun Temples and 1 the Temples to the Aten. Subtotal 5 Explains accurately and in detail, and with citation of the relevant evidence, the 4–5 difference in the way the gods were worshipped. Outlines accurately, with citation of some evidence, the difference in the way the 2–3 gods were worshipped. Makes superficial comment on the difference in the way the gods were 1 worshipped. Subtotal 5 Total 10 Markers’ notes: Dynasty 18 cult temples to Amun included an entrance pylon which led into an open courtyard which led into a hypostyle hall to the Amun (i.e. a columned hall) which finally led into the sanctuary of the god. There could be any number of pylons, courtyards, halls, ancillary rooms, statues, columns, obelisks, stele, inscriptions, reliefs, and other items added by various pharaohs. Inscriptions could include religious texts and historical texts written by pharaohs regarding events during their reigns. These texts were accompanied by elaborate carved and painted reliefs. In particular, monumental reliefs of the pharaohs in triumphant poses could be carved on the pylons and on the walls. There could be elaborate illustrated botanical texts. There could be ancillary chapels for gods associated with the main god. There was generally a sacred lake. Temples to the Aten were far fewer in number than those to the Amun because they were only operational during the 17-year reign of Akhenaten. The Aten temples had entrance pylons and a hypostyle hall but these led into one or more courts with open air altars where offerings could be made to the god. The temples were built using talatat blocks which were suitable for one person to carry. Compared with traditional stone building material which required a team effort per block, they were easy to move by one person and meant that buildings could be completed in a shorter amount of time than normal. The Aten temples had offices and storerooms in the same manner as the more traditional temples. The decoration on the walls seems to have shown the altars filled with offerings as well as offerings being made by the members of the royal family. There were also depictions of the royal family engaged in their daily routines. In Amun worship the High Priest of Amun, basically a political figure, led the worship and was the intermediary between the god and the people. It should be remembered that Ancient Egyptian priests were not pastoral figures. This was a professional post. In the Aten worship it was the pharaoh who was the intermediary between the god and the people. Some candidates may point out that this was significant because it took religious power, with all that it implied both economically and politically, away from the priesthoods – not just the Aten priesthood but the priesthoods of the old gods, and concentrated it in the hands of the pharaoh.
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