RESEARCH ARTICLE Evidence for loss and reacquisition of alcoholic fermentation in a fructophilic yeast lineage Carla Gonc¸alves1, Jennifer H Wisecaver2,3, Jacek Kominek4,5,6,7, Madalena Salema Oom1,8, Maria Jose´ Leandro9,10, Xing-Xing Shen2, Dana A Opulente4,5,6,7, Xiaofan Zhou11,12, David Peris4,5,6,7,13, Cletus P Kurtzman14†, Chris Todd Hittinger4,5,6,7, Antonis Rokas2, Paula Gonc¸alves1* 1UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Cieˆncias da Vida, Faculdade de Cieˆncias e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; 2Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, United States; 3Department of Biochemistry, Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States; 4Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States; 5DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States; 6J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States; 7Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States; 8Centro de Investigac¸a˜ o Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universita´rio Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal; 9Instituto de Tecnologia Quı´mica e Biolo´gica Anto´nio Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Repu´ blica, Oeiras, Portugal; 10LNEG – Laborato´rio Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Unidade de Bioenergia (UB), Lisboa, Portugal; 11Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; 12Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; *For correspondence: 13Department of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food
[email protected] Technology (IATA), CSIC, Valencia, Spain; 14Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied †Deceased Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Competing interests: The Agricultural Research Service, U.S.