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Medieval Canon Law and Early Modern Treaty Law Lesaffer, R.C.H
Tilburg University Medieval canon law and early modern treaty law Lesaffer, R.C.H. Published in: Journal of the History of International Law Publication date: 2000 Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Lesaffer, R. C. H. (2000). Medieval canon law and early modern treaty law. Journal of the History of International Law, 2(2), 178-198. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 27. sep. 2021 178 Journal of the History of International Law The Medieval Canon Law of Contract and Early Modern Treaty Law Randall Lesaffer Professor of Legal History, Catholic University of Brabant at Tilburg; Catholic University of Leuven The earliest agreements between political entities which can be considered to be treaties date back from the third millennium B.C1. Throughout history treaties have continuously been a prime instrument of organising relations between autonomous powers. -
A Description of What Magisterial Authority Is When Understood As A
Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change Series IV, Western Philosophical Studies, Volume 8 Series VIII, Christian Philosophical Studies, Volume 8 General Editor George F. McLean Towards a Kenotic Vision of Authority in the Catholic Church Western Philosophical Studies, VIII Christian Philosophical Studies, VIII Edited by Anthony J. Carroll Marthe Kerkwijk Michael Kirwan James Sweeney The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Copyright © 2015 by The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy Box 261 Cardinal Station Washington, D.C. 20064 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Towards a kenotic vision of authority in the Catholic Church / edited by Anthony J. Carroll, Marthe Kerkwijk, Michael Kirwan, James Sweeney. -- first edition. pages cm. -- (Cultural heritage and contemporary change. Christian philosophical studies; Volume VIII) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Authority--Religious aspects--Catholic Church. I. Carroll, Anthony J., 1965- editor of compilation. BX1753.T6725 2014 2014012706 262'.'088282--dc23 CIP ISBN 978-1-56518-293-6 (pbk.) TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: The Exercise of Magisterial Authority 1 in the Roman Catholic Church Anthony J. Carroll Part I: Authority in Biblical Sources Chapter I: “It Shall Not Be so among You”: Authority and 15 Service in the Synoptic Gospels Sean Michael Ryan Chapter II: Authority without Sovereignty: Towards 41 a Reassessment of Divine Power Roger Mitchell Part II: Sociological and Philosophical -
On Preaching the Gospel to People Like the American Indians
Fordham International Law Journal Volume 15, Issue 4 1991 Article 1 Francisco Suarez:´ On Preaching the Gospel to People Like the American Indians John P. Doyle∗ ∗ Copyright c 1991 by the authors. Fordham International Law Journal is produced by The Berke- ley Electronic Press (bepress). http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/ilj Francisco Suarez:´ On Preaching the Gospel to People Like the American Indians John P. Doyle Abstract In this Article, I will trace Suarez’s´ thoughts on the natural equality of all men as well as the natural character and equality of their republics. Then, in a context of natural law and the limits of state power, I will consider Suarez’s´ positions on the jus gentium (law of nations) and war. Next, I will consider Suarez’s´ divisions of non-Christians and his views on preaching the Gospel to people like the American Indians. ARTICLES FRANCISCO SUAREZ: ON PREACHING THE GOSPEL TO PEOPLE LIKE THE AMERICAN INDIANS John P. Doyle* INTRODUCTION * * As is well known, the century following Columbus's dis- covery of the New World was, for Spain, El Siglo de Oro (The Century of Gold). The appellation was well deserved. In just about every area, Spain led the way. Politically, first with the Catholic sovereigns Ferdinand and Isabella, and then with the Habsburg monarchies of the Emperor Charles V (1516-1556) and his son King Philip II (1556-1598), Spanish hegemony was at its zenith.' For most of the century, Spain's military might in Western Europe was unequalled. Its ability to project that might across thousands of sea-miles to the Americas, the Phil- ippine Islands, and the Far East was astonishing even as we contemplate it today. -
Canon Law in Medieval Russia: the Kormchaia Kniga As a Source of Law
Canon Law in Medieval Russia: The Kormchaia kniga as a Source of Law Rosanne Gretchen Mulcahy A thesis submitted in partial hilfiUment of a degree of Master of Pliilosophy at the University of London University College London December 2001 ProQuest Number: 10014732 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10014732 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 CONTENTS Title Page 1 Abstract 2 Contents 3 Introduction 4 Part I. An Examination of Canon Law Collections and the Russian Kormchaia kniga as a Means to Determine How Russia Compares with other Models o f Medieval Christian Societies 1. Eastern and Western canonical collections and their significance in systems of canon law with reference to Roman Law 25 2. The History of the Kormchaia biiga 54 Part II An Examination of The Role of Byzantine Civil Ecclesiastical Legislation Cofitained in the Kormchaia kniga, the Russian Princely Statues and Russian Immunity Charters as they Supported a Constitutional Relationship Between Church and State in Russia 3. Byzantine Law in Chapter 42 of the Kormchaia kniga: The Collection o f Eighty-Seven Chapters As it Related to the Special Privileges of the Russian Church 75 4. -
Johann Gerhard and the Good Use of Usury
Journal of Markets & Morality Volume 22, Number 2 (Fall 2019): 539–556 Copyright © 2019 Johann Gerhard Mathias Schmoeckel and the Good Use Professor of Civil Law and History of Law of Usury University of Bonn The History of Usury: Antique Aversion and Canon Law Prohibition Johann Gerhard remains one of the leading Lutheran theologians of all time. He was a great erudite who combined the different trends in theology, philoso- phy, law, and other fields to broaden the horizon of Lutherans of his time and to develop modern positions that were more favorable from an economic point of view.1 The French bishop Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet (1627–1704) consid- ered Gerhard to be the third most important theologian after Luther and Martin Chemnitz (1522–1586). His texts excel in endless citations, not only showing off his learning, but also his knowledge of all confessional and national traditions. Gerhard’s treatment of usury, in particular, begins by tracing its history starting with the Old Testament.2 1 Jörg Baur, “Johann Gerhard,” in Gestalten der Kirchengeschichte, ed. Martin Greschat, vol. 7 (Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1982), 99–111; Martin Honecker, “Johann Gerhard,” in Theologische Realenzyklopadie [hereafter: TRE ], ed. Gerhard Müller, vol. 12 (Berlin: De Gruyter, 1984), 448–53. 2 General introductions include Wilhelm Endemann, Studien in der romanisch-kanonistis- chen Wirthschafts- und Rechtslehre: bis gegen Ende des siebzehnten Jahrhunderts, vol. 1 (Berlin: Guttentag, 1874), 9–10; August M. Knoll, Der Zins in der Scholastik (Innsbruck: Tyrolia, 1933); John T. Noonan, The Scholastic Analysis of Usury (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957); Bartolomé Clavero, Usura: del uso económico de la religión en la historia (Madrid: Tecnos, 1984); idem, “The Jurisprudence on 539 Scholia The Jewish tradition (Deut. -
Sacramental Woes and Theological Anxiety in Medieval Representations of Marriage
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2016 When Two Become One: Sacramental Woes And Theological Anxiety In Medieval Representations Of Marriage Elizabeth Churchill University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation Churchill, Elizabeth, "When Two Become One: Sacramental Woes And Theological Anxiety In Medieval Representations Of Marriage" (2016). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 2229. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2229 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/2229 For more information, please contact [email protected]. When Two Become One: Sacramental Woes And Theological Anxiety In Medieval Representations Of Marriage Abstract This dissertation traces the long, winding, and problematic road along which marriage became a sacrament of the Church. In so doing, it identifies several key problems with marriage’s ability to fulfill the sacramental criteria laid out in Peter Lombard’s Sentences: that a sacrament must signify a specific form of divine grace, and that it must directly bring about the grace that it signifies. While, on the basis of Ephesians 5, theologians had no problem identifying the symbolic power of marriage with the spiritual union of Christ and the Church, they never fully succeeded in locating a form of effective grace, placing immense stress upon marriage’s status as a signifier. As a result, theologians and canonists found themselves unable to deal with several social aspects of marriage that threatened this symbolic capacity, namely concubinage and the remarriage of widows and widowers. -
The Judge's Conscience and the Protection of the Criminal Defendant
WIM DECOCK The Judge’s Conscience and the Protection of the Criminal Defendant: Moral Safeguards against Judicial Arbitrariness I. Introduction∗ ‘Judge according to the laws and observe the order of legal process’, thus admonishes the Antwerp-born theologian Leonard Lessius (1554–1623) in his treatise On justice and right.1 This brief, aphoristic statement from Lessius’ discussion on abuse of judicial power appears to contain two of the main safe- guards against arbitrary adjudication: the legality principle (‘secundum leges iudicandum’) and due process (‘servetur ordo iuris’). In fact, a similar plea against judicial arbitrariness can be found already in Gratian’s Decretum (c. 1140). Drawing on Saint Ambrose, Gratian insists that judgments should not be rendered according to the judge’s arbitrary will, but according to the laws and the merits of the case.2 The question arises then, to what extent the protection of the accused from the whims of the judge’s arbitrium is a new and modern privilege, acquired only over the last two centuries by citizens living under the empire of a criminal code thanks to Enlightenment philosophers such as Cesare Beccaria (1738–1794).3 ∗ The author wishes to thank James Q. Whitman for his stimulating comments on the draft version of this paper. 1 Lessius, Leonard: De iustitia et iure ceterisque virtutibus cardinalibus, Paris, 1606 (edition available online in The Digital Library of the Catholic Reformation), p. 334 (bk. 2 ch. 29 dub. 6 num. 48). 2 C. 3 q. 7 c. 4: ‘Bonus iudex nihil ex arbitrio suo facit et domesticae proposito voluntatis, sed iuxta leges et iura pronunciat, scitis iuris obtemperat, non indulget propriae voluntati, nihil paratum et meditatum de domo defert, sed sicut audit, ita iudicat, et sicut se habet natura, decernit; obsequitur legibus, non adversatur, examinat causae merita, non mutat.’ All citations from the Corpus Iuris Canonici are taken from the Friedberg edition, Friedberg, émile: Decretum magistri Gratiani. -
THE CANON LAW a Descriplion Oj the Frontispiece Will He Found on Page 167
THE CANON LAW A descriplion oj the Frontispiece will he found on page 167. Both the Jllustyations in this Book are taken frotn the famous MS. of Gratian in the Library of Madrid. C : fc sr ;3 < 5 fc-H'r (y t ? iJ :5 r- § K ^:§^i-fa'ii.i^S': THE CANON LAW BY THE REVEREND R. S. MYLNE B.C.L. OxON ; F.S.A. London; F.R.S. Edin. MSMEER AND MEDALLIST OF THE ARCH,COLOGICAL SOCIETY OF FRANCE FELIOW OF THE ACADEMY OF S. LUKE, ROME WITH A PREFACE BY J. MAITLAND THOMSON, LL.D. SOMETIME CURATOR OF THE HISTORICAL MSS. OF SCOTLAND MORRISON & GIBB LIMITED 1912 Table of Contents FAGK Preface ix-xxiv CHAPTER I The Origin of the Canon Law CHAPTER n Decretum Gratiani . 32 CHAPTER III DeCRETALIA GREGORII IX. 34 (Books I., II., III.) CHAPTER IV DECRETALIA GREGORII IX. 76 (Books IV., V.) VIU TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER V The Canon Law of England CHAPTER VI The Ecclesiastical Courts . "5 CHAPTER VII Patronage 144 APPENDIX The Distribution of Ancient MSS. of the Canon Law . 161 Index • I 199 The Distribution of 250 Copies of this Book 306 PREFACE It has come to be an accepted maxim in our day that history is a science, of which, as of other sciences, sound and satisfactory knowledge cannot be obtained from text-books alone ; as the facts of physiology, so the sources of history, must be studied at first hand. That English history must be read in the Statute Book has grown to be a truism. -
Religion and Right in the Philosophia Christriana of Erasmus from Rotterdam Erik Wolf
Hastings Law Journal Volume 29 | Issue 6 Article 11 1-1978 Religion and Right in the Philosophia Christriana of Erasmus from Rotterdam Erik Wolf Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Erik Wolf, Religion and Right in the Philosophia Christriana of Erasmus from Rotterdam, 29 Hastings L.J. 1535 (1978). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol29/iss6/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings Law Journal by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Religion and Right in the Philosophia Christiana of Erasmus from Rotterdam By EPw WOLF* RASMUS' INFLUENCE upon the modem discussion of so- cial questions is renowned.' His importance for the history of political literature has also been researched and appreci- ated,2 as well as his contribution to the revolution of European legal thought in the sixteenth century.3 His criticism of cases in which justice was poorly administrated is well known, as are his satirical comments on the jurisprudence of the commentators and concilia- tors. 4 Nevertheless, his attempt to formulate a Christian theory of justice as part of his draft of a philosophia christiana5 has been almost completely ignored. To be sure, such legal scholars and friends of his as Zasius6 and Cantiuncula7 understood very well the importance of his main ideas * The author, Professor Emeritus for the Philosophy of Law and of Government, for the History of Law and for Church Law at the University of Freiburg in Breisgau, West Germany, died on October 13, 1977. -
The Decretum of Gratian: a Janus-Faced Collection
chapter 7 The Decretum of Gratian: A Janus-Faced Collection Stephan Dusil 1 Introduction Gratian is considered to be a turning point in the history of canon law, as he marks the watershed between the learned law of the late Middle Ages and the other, ‘non-learned’, more intuitive use of canon law of the early and high Middle Ages. Gratian represents the shift between the collectors of normative texts and the erudite interpretation of these texts. Once, he was even named the ‘father of the science of canon law’.1 Therefore, it is not surprising that Gratian has been in the focus of historical research for a long time: whereas some scholars tried to unravel the mysteries of his life, locating him as a Camaldolese monk in Bologna or placing him as a bishop to Chiusi in central Italy,2 others focussed on his Concordantia discordantium canonum, briefly known as the Decretum Gratiani, in order to learn more about the theory of canon law in the middle of the twelfth century.3 The discovery of at least two versions of the Decretum Gratiani some twenty years ago gave a tremendous boost to the analysis of this piece of literature: researchers have now been able to scrutinize the making of this seminal œuvre and to study from up close how Gratian pieced texts, rubrics and commentaries together.4 At the same time, 1 Stephan Kuttner, “The Father of the Science of Canon Law,” The Jurist 1 (1941), 2–19. 2 John T. Noonan, “Gratian Slept Here: The Changing Identity of the Father of the Systematic Study of Canon Law,” Traditio 35 (1979), 145–72; Anders Winroth, “Where Gratian Slept: The Life and Death of the Father of Canon Law,” Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, kanonistische Abteilung 99 (2013), 105–28. -
Gratian and the Jews
The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law CUA Law Scholarship Repository Scholarly Articles and Other Contributions Faculty Scholarship 2014 Gratian and the Jews Kenneth Pennington The Catholic University of America, Columbus School of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.edu/scholar Part of the Medieval Studies Commons Recommended Citation Kenneth Pennington, Gratian and the Jews, 31 BULL. MEDIEVAL CANON L. 111 (2014). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Scholarship at CUA Law Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Scholarly Articles and Other Contributions by an authorized administrator of CUA Law Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bulletin of Medieval Canon Law 31 (2014) 111-124 Gratian and the Jews Kenneth Pennington Since Anders Winroth and Carlos Larrainzar discovered earlier versions of Gratian’s Decretum, legal historians have explored these manuscripts for evidence that they hoped would reveal how Gratian’s changes and additions to his text could provide insights into how his thought and ideas developed.1 Although there is still a vigorous debate about exactly how the manuscript tradition reflects the evolution of his Decretum, we know far more about Gratian now than we did before. Not everyone agrees on what we know. I think that Gratian began teaching in the 1120s, that the Saint Gall manuscript 673 is the earliest witness to his teaching, and that the other manuscripts discovered by Winroth and Larrainzar provide evidence that a version of his Decretum circulated widely in the 1130s. -
The Two-Step Development of the Post-Gratian Gloss and the Emergence of a New Era in Canon Law" (2014)
W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 4-2014 Discordia in Concordia: The Two-Step Development of the Post- Gratian Gloss and the Emergence of a New Era in Canon Law Zachary A. Woodward College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the European History Commons, and the History of Christianity Commons Recommended Citation Woodward, Zachary A., "Discordia in Concordia: The Two-Step Development of the Post-Gratian Gloss and the Emergence of a New Era in Canon Law" (2014). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 109. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/109 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Contents Acknowledgments ii Introduction...................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. The Legal Culture of the Western Church in the Tenth through Twelfth Centuries.............................................................................3 Chapter 2. The Two-Step Development of the Post-Gratian Gloss...............................................17 Chapter 3. Explaining the Two-Step Development.......................................................................46 Chapter