MEDDELELSER NR. 126
RESlTLTS FROM SCIENTIFIC CRUISES TO FRANZ JOSEF LAND
EDITORS:
IAN GJERTZ AND BERIT MØRKVED
NORSK POLARINSTITUTT OSLO 1993 ISBN 82-7666-063-0 Printed December 1993 GCS, Oslo Produced at Norsk Polarinstitutt, Svalbard Cover photo by lan Gjertz: RIV POMOR at Hooker Island, Franz Josef Land INTRODUCTION
In 1992 the Norwegian Polar Institute published its first report, (Environmental studies from Franz Josef Land, with emphasis on Tikhaia Bay, Hooker Island,
Norsk Polarinstitutt Meddelelser 120), from the joint Russian-Norwegian Polish cooperation in Franz Josef Land. This cooperation has continued and more results are presented in trlis issue.
The cooperative parties are Murmansk Marine Biological Institute (Russia),
Institute of Oceanology (Gdansk, Poland) and the Norwegian Polar Institute (Oslo). Many people have so far taken part in this cooperation, but two persons deseNe special mention. If it had not been for the efforts of Professor Gennady Matishov (Murmansk) and dr. Jan Marcin Weslawski (Gdansk) it is doubtfull if this cooperation had existed.
The topics presented in this issue are:
--Walrus studies in the Franz Josef Land 1992...... 1-11
--Ornithological notes from Franz Josef Land 1991 and 1992 ...... 13-20
--Snailfishes from Franz Josef Land and Svalbard ...... 13-20
Longyearbyen 1 993-11 -25 lan Gjertz & Berit Mørkved Walrus studies in the Franz Josef Land archipelago during August 1992
Lars Øyvind Knutsen Norwegian Polar Institute P.O. Box 5072 Majorstuen N-0301 Oslo, Norway
Introduction This report gi ves results from the 1992 joint Russian-Norwegian The Norwegian Polar Institute ha s Polish expedition to Fanz Josef carried out walrus studies in the Land, where biologists from the Svalbard archipelago since 1989. Norwegian Polar Institute These studies show that some male deployed 5 satellite transmitters on walruses migrate between walruses, and surveyed walruses Svalbard and Franz Josef Land in the archipelago. (Gjertz & Wiig 1993). There are indications that the two areas are Material and methods populated by a common population of walruses, and that In the period between 14. August geographical segregation occurs and 5. September the southern and between the sexes (Gjertz & Wiig eastern parts of the Franz Josef 1993). This is based on the fact that Land archipelago were surveyed. mostly males are observed within This was mainly conducted from Svalbard. Females and calves have, the Russian vessel "Pornor"and however, been observed in larger partly from Zodiacs. numbers around Kvitøya in the northeastern part of Svalbard The survey area is indicated in (Gjertz & Wiig 1993.). On the other Figure 1 and Figures 2A & 2B. As hand, the literature indicates that Pomor is not registered for going in observations of females with calves ice, we were restricted to op en are common in the Franz Josef water and loose drift ice. Due to La nd archipelago (Gjertz et al. few qualified observers and long 1992). periods with hard work from Zodiacs, transit between working Since the beginning of the 1930's, areas was not always utilized for Franz Josef Land has, for military systematical observations. reasons, been more or less c10sed to Observations were intensified only foreigners. This together with in potential walrus feeding areas , adverse ice conditions during most with depths less than 100 meters, of the year, explains why we know where we hoped to find walruses very little about walruses in the that could be immobilized when Franz Josef Land archipelago. hauled-out. For immobilization of walruses, we renareotication from potential were especially searehing for unmetabolized depots of Etorphine terrestrial haul-out sites. All HCI, before leaving the animal. potential terrestrial haul out sites mentioned in the literature (Gjertz Time of first effect, loss of breath et al. 1992) and which could be (apnea) and safe immobilization, as reaehed with Pomor or by Zodiacs weU as times of injection of were therefore investigated. Figure Diprenorphine HCI and times of 2A & 2B shows loeali ti es that were first breath and the regaining of investigated. mobility, were recorded. In addition indicators of physiological When walruses were observed in condition , such as breathing rate, the water, or if a hauled-out heart-beat rat e and response to walruses had tusks too small for pain, were recorded during attachment of a satellite transmitter immobilization. Due to or were otherwise unsuitable for malfunction of the thermometer, immobilization, we tryed to eollect rectal temperatures were not a skin biopsy for analyses of recorded. environment al pollutants and DNA analyses. This was done Handling of the immobilized using a cross-bow with special animal was given the following arrows attaehed to a line so they priority: A file was used to make could be reeled in. The samples small grooves in the tusks where were wrapped in aluminium foil the steel band (Band-it, Houdaille, and put in a sealed container, and Denver) for attachment of the frozen within a few hours. transmitter should fit . The satellite transmitter was attached. Flipper For immobilization of walruses we tags were attached to both hind used the method described by Born flippers. Standard body length and & Knutsen (1990) and Griffiths et axillary gi rt h were measured. If the al. (1993), using the agonist animal was laying on its side or on Et horphine HCI (9.8 mg/ml) and the belly, standard 1ength wa s the antagonist Diprenorphine HCI estimated. If possib1e, axillary girth (12 mg/ml). The agonist wa s was measured using a strong nylon injected intramuscularly from a string placed round the animal. C02 powered dart gun (Dan Length (a10ng frontal curvature) inject), at distanees between 15 to and circumference of the tusks at 35 meters. A second gun loaded gum line were a1so measured. with antagonist was kept read y if the animal escaped into water. Results Normally the antagonist was injeeted immediately after Immobilization approaching the animal, in order to reduce the apneautic period. This A total of adult wa lruses (No's 2, injection was preferably done 5 3, 4, 7 and 8) were successfully sublingually. A small dose of immobilized during this study antidote was injected (Tables 1 and 2). Ea ch of the subcutanously, in order to prevent animals received a satellite
2 transmitter. Three other adult to inject anti do te was done by a females, all accompanied by calves, hand held syringe. However, due were also immobilized, but woke to difficulties in injecting the drug up before transmitters could be into its shaking musdes and the attached. These animals received difficult position of the animal, similar doses of anesthetie relative only an unknown amount of drug to animals that were successfully was injected. Now the animal was immobilized (Tab. 2). The one pulled by its back flippers to a female that was successfully dose by ice floe, its tusks were immobilized (No. 7), differed from lifted up onto the ice, and the the other females in that she wa s animal sublingually received a immobilized immediately after proper dose of antidote . After 6 hauling, and in that she was not minutes the animal opened its eyes accompanied by calves or other and started to breath regularly. The animals. accompanying young had all the time been barking and tryed to Of the total 8 animals captured, push its mother into the sea. After only one was hauled-out on land another 4 minutes, the two went when immobilized, the rest of the in to the water and dove animals were hauled-out on ice powerfully. Thee minutes later floes. they came up some 50 meters away and the female hauled out on to a All animals immobilized in this ice floe. She was then breathing study made satisfactory recoveries deeply with no irregularities. After and no irregular symptoms were another 10 minutes she took off observed in the period after again, swimming and diving , and regaining mobility. appeared healthy for the next two hours while we were able to Animal No. l, an adult female observe them . accompanied by a 2 year old calf, appeared caIrn and reacted little to Animal No. 2, a large adult male, our presenee before hauled out on a ice fioe, wa s shot immobilization. A dart with salt from a distance of about 30 meters. water did not provoke the animals However, only 4 cm of the dart into the water. However, when the needle was inserted, and the drug dart with anaesthetic was fired, had most likely been injected into they immediately escap ed into fatty tissue. The animal achieved water when hit. A dart with satisfactory anesthesia after about antidote was fired immediately 28 minutes, but woke up after after, but did not hit the animal. another 8 minutes. Due to risks of The animals dove and surfaced 100 anesthetic depots and meter away after about 3 minutes. renarcotication, a large amount of Then the animal was a antidote was given, some of it in characteristic state of tonus in its fatty tissue in order to slow down back, its head wa s submerged, it the absorption. was not breathing and hence strongl y affected by the drug (Born Animals No. 3, 4,6 & 8 all males & Knutsen 1990). A second attempt apart from #6 an adult female,
3 were immobilized without any 43 were hauled-out on land irregularities and recovered (Appolonoff Island). normally. In a total of 359 observations where Animals No. 5 & 7 adult females age and sex could be estimated, 13 accompanied by calves, and part of % (n=47) were calves of the year or a social group of walruses, both 1 year old (no visible tusks), 16 % woke up and went into water (n=56) were juvenile (2,5 - 7,5 cm during assumed deep tusks), 33 % (n= 119) were imm obilization. Attempts to attach subadults (10 - 20 cm), 23 % (n=82) satellite transmitters had to be were adult females, and 15 % aborted. No. 5 hauled out again on (n=55) were adult males (Tab. 3). an icefloe dose by, where it fell back into a drowsy light Observations were made in four immobilization, but could not be main areas and almost no walruses worked on. Two hours after it was were observed in areas between. still hauled-out but appeared al ert These areas are: around Hooker and fully able to perform Island in the central part of the coordinated movements. No. 7 archpelago, around Cape Flora at stayed in the water, but was resting Northbrook Island in the southern with its tusks hooked on to a ice part, the area around Hayes Island fl oe. 24 hours later the animal was in the east, and in the northeast observed some hund red meters around the islands of Kuna and away laying in shallow water by Appo lonoff (Fig 2a & b). Table 3 the beach of A ppolonoff Island. gives the hi ghest number of The animal was fully mobile, but walruses observed during one appeared very drowsy and still survey in each of the areas, and affected by the drug treatment. represents a minimum estimate.
Atlachment of transmitters The northern parts of the archipelago, along with the Animal No's 2,3,4,6 and 8 all western parts around Alexandra received satellite transmitters (Tab. Land, were not accessible due to 1). No's 4 and 6 received circular ice conditions. Areas checked for ST -6 transmi tters, while the other tracks or signs after terrestrial haul ones were of the older ST-3 type out activity are indicated in Fig. 2A (Tab. 1). In order to improve the &2B. attachment, polyurethan (Sikaflex) was used between the transmitter In the area around Cape Flora, an d the tu sk in all animals. Gunter Inlet and along the southem coast of Northbrook Walrus observations Island there was open water and only occasional ice fl oes during our A total of 420 walrus observations three visits. A relatively large were made during the expedition. num ber of walruses were observed Of these, 174 were swimming, 203 feeding in the area. Adult females were hauled-out on ice, while only with calves appeared to dominate. The highest minimum of animals
4 observed during one survey in the observation during this expedition area was 49 individuals (Tab. 3). A was done on 29. and 30. August, terrestrial haul-out si te has been when about 212 walruses were reported in Gunter Inlet on observed in the area of A ppolonoff Northbrook Island (Gjertz et a!., Island, just 5 nm north of Kuna 1992). When inspected, we found a Island. Most of the walruses were beach blocked by ice and saw no hauled-out on ice floes around the animals. However, we found very beach at the north tip of the island. old skeleton parts from about 10 Only 43 animals were hauled-out animals, old tracks and excrements on the beach and about 25 were apparently from last year. observed swimming.
Few walruses were observed in the Skin biopsy samples area east of Hayes Island. Two A total of 38 skin biopsy samples adult males (No. 3 and 4) were were collected from walruses immobilized in the area. The old during this study. Samples were haul-out site at the Komsomol taken from both hauled-out and Island (Gjertz et al. 1992) were swimming animals. inspected, but due to land ice along the entire coast, no beach was accessible. The crew at Hayes Discussion Island meteorological station did not know about this haul-out site, Due to the apneutic effect of but reported that in August of 1991 Etorphine on walruses, the antidote about 10 walruses had been hauled Diprenorphine Hel has to be out on the beach of a small island injected before handling of the some hundred meters from the animal can start. This initiates a station. This beach was covered by state when the animals start to ice during our stay an d no breath, but still are immobilized walruses were seen. Fresh tracks and safe to handle (Born & from walruses were seen on the Knutsen 1990, Griffiths et al. 1993). beach dose to a hunters cabin at the south-western tip of Wiener The immobilizations of 4 male Neustadt Island on 20. August 1992 walruses in this study were done Gon Opheim pers. comm.). When without major problems. As far as I inspected on 27. August, snow was know, no other study has yet covering the beach and no signs of reported results on immobilizing of walruses were seen. adult females in the fi eld. According to my experience, such The sound between Kuna Island work may be connected with and Kane Island, appeared to be a complications. Of the 4 females favoured spot for walruses. The immobilized, 3 woke up shortly highest number observed during after injection of Diprenorphine, one survey was 38 individuals on and never went into a state when 22. August (Tab. 3). Other potential they could be safely worked on. haul-out beaches were present in The fourth female however, was the area, but more or less covered workable long enough to attach a by ice. The most remarkable satellite transmitter. All animals
5 were exposed to the same The surveys in this study were not drugging routine, and I suggest perforrned systematically, but I that the stress caused by barking believe the concentrations of calves and surrounding animals walruses shown in Figures 2A & has stimulated the three females to 2B, are representative for the area. wake up. This is supported by the fact that all 5 animals (4 males + 1 The sex and age distribution in female) which were successfully Table 3 are all estimated numbers immobilized, were not sociaUy based on tusk sizes and bod y established in a gr oup or characteristics. These fi gures accompanied by calves, and hence support the theory that females not exposed to communicating and calves are numerous in Franz sounds that might trigger their Josef Land. However, the observed flight or fright response. It is fr action of adult males does not known fr om the literature that diverge significantly fr om what animals immobilized wi th could be expected in an isolated Etorphine, which are heavily population. The general patchy stressed, may be stimulated to distribution and relatively few wake up (Ebedes 1975). observations of walruses in this study make this speculative. In this study, all but one animal was hauled-out on ice when Of the 6 terrestrial haul-out sites immobilized. When on ice, the indi cated for Franz Josef Land in animals more easily can enter the the literature (Gjertz et al. 1992), 2 water before being totally were visited wi thout result during immobilized and potentially this stud y (Fig. 2A & 2B). I believe drown. Working space on a floe is this may be caused by ice blocking often limited and normally the dart the beaches and thereby making has to be fired fr om a mo ving boat. them inaccessible to the walruses. Hence, I consider ice floes as being The summer of 1992 was regarded a less favorable working platforms as being particularly cold. Almost compared to beaches. no ice was blockin g the beach of Appolonoff Island where hauled The relatively long and thick tusks out walruses were found (Fig. 2b). in males are a much better medium to attach satellite tr ansmitters According to maps, the areas north relative to the thinner tusks of of A ppolonoff Island consist of females. I think that both types of large shallow sea banks, and transmitters used in this study should hence be a potential feeding have to be modified when being gr ound for walruses. Based on us ed on the thinner tusks of droppings, tracks an d wear at the females. In order to increase the beach, I believe Appolonoff Island friction area between the tusk an d functions as an important haul-out the transmitter, I prefered the old gr ound for walruses in the area. ST-3 transmitter which are somewhat more ergometrical shaped than the circular ST-6.
6 Summary Gjertz, I. & Wiig, 0. 1993. Status of Five walruses were immobilized successfully walrus research in Svalbard and Franz and received satellite transmitters. Three Josef Land in 1992. A review. 2nd. additional female walruses woke up during Walrus International Technical and immobilization before transmitters could be Scientific Workshop, January 10 - 16 attached possibly due to the int1uece of calves and other accompanying walruses. A total of 1993, Winnipeg, Canada. 13p 420 walruses observations were made, however 315 individuals represent the sum of Griffiths, D., Wiig, 0., & Gjertz, I. highest single count within each of the areas. 1993. Immobilization of walrus with As a total, the distribution between sexes and etorphine hydrochloride and zoletil. age cIasses did not appear to differ from what could be expected in an isolated population. A Marine Mammal Science 9:250-257 haul-out site was discovered at Appolonoff Is land, in the northeastern part of the archi pelago. A total of 212 walruses, mostly females, subadults and calves, were seen either on the beach or on ice t10es in the vicinity of the beach.
References
Born, E.W & L.ø. Knutsen. 1990. Immobilization of Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) by use of etorphine hydrochloride reversed by diprenorphine hydrochlori de. Teknisk rapport Grønlands Hjemmestyre.Miljø- og Naturforvaltningen, Nr 14, 15 P
Ebedes, H. 1975. The Drug Immobilization of Carnivorous Animals, pp. 62-68. In: E. Young, (ed.) The Cap ture and Care of Wild Animals. Ralph Curtis Books, Hollywood, Florida.
Gjertz, L, R. Hansson & ø. Wiig. 1992. The historical distribution an d catch of walrus in Franz Josef Land. Pp. 66-81 In). Gjertz & B. Mørkved (eds.) Environmental studies from Franz Josef Land, with emphasis on Tikhaia Bay, Hooker Island. Norsk Polarinstitutt Meddelelser 120, 130 P
7 Table l: Informations of markings and physical dimensions of Atlantic walruses immobilized in Franz Josef Land (Russia) during August 1992.
Date No. PTT Type Pos. Flipper Sex Body Tusk
1992 no. PTT ofPTT tag no. Length (cm) Ax. girth (cm) Length (cm) Circumf. (cm) (RIL tusk) Right Left (F/M) Right Left Right Left - - - - - 19. Aug. 1 F 260· 38· 38· 14· 14· - - 19. Aug. 2 14755 8T3 R 3422 M 330· 50.5 51 22.5 20.0 - - - Aug. L I co 20. 3 14756 8T3 3423 3424 M 324 39 39 21. Aug. 4 14752 8T6 L . 3425 3426 M 325 - 37,5 34 20.5 21.0 29. Aug. 5 - - - - F - - 40· 40· 15· 15· 30. Aug. 6 14753 8T6 L 3427 3428 F 278 268 37 38 12.5 12.5 30. Aug. 7 - - - - F - - 38· 40· 15· 15· 30. Aug. 8 14754 8T3 L 3429 3430 M 314 347 32 38 19 19 .: values are estimated. Table 2:
Dose size of Etorphine HCI and the antidote Diprenorphine HCI, and times of injection and effects during immobilization of 8 Atlantic walruses in Franz Josef Land in August 1992.
ID \EtorPhine HCI IEffect (min:sec) after inj. of Etor. Dipren. Site of Time of inj. IEffect (min:sec) after inj. of Etor .. code (I.M. mg) HCI (I.M. mg) I injection after Etorph.
13.2 Miss 0:10 13.2 t'1 Middle back 5:00 13.2 Subling. 11 :00 Bounced off Middle hip Sublingual \!) , q' Skin 13.2 Sublingual 3.6 Skin I 4.8 Skin 13.2 Sublingual =""4-_--..,;8�.4�_-lSublingual 8.4 Sublingual ,...... ,...... ,.,...... 9 Sublingual 12 Sublingual 6 Sublingual 2.4 Skin 10.8 \ Sublingual 6 Sublinaual 12 I Sublingual 4.8 *: Dose propably injected into faUy tissue d: Unknown amount was injeceted. Table 3: Highest count of walruses during ane survey within each of the areas (Highest single count) and estimated sex and age distribution of total observations (X). X represent all observatiom where age and sex were estimated. Percental values are given as percent of X.
Area Highest Estimated sex and age distribution of X single Baby (L\) JUV. SU BAD. ADULTS: Total sum eount Oem I2,5-7,5em 10-20em I Females Males X Hooker Island 12 1 (6%)' 6 (38%) 2(12%) 2 (12%) 5 (32%) 16 Northbrook Island 49 11(17%) 4 (6%) 17 (27%) 18 (29%) 13 (21%) 63 Hayes Island 4 0( 0%) 0(0%) 2(40%) 0(0%) 3 (60%) 5 Kuna Island 38 3 (5%) 6(10%) 26(41%) 9 (14%) 19 (30%) 63 Appolonoff Island 212 32 (15%) 40 (19%) 72 (34%) 53 (25%) 15 (7%) 212 Total 315 47 (13%) 56 (16%) 119 (33%) 82 (23%) 55 (15%) 359 be estimated. *: Walruses occured In large groups and sex and age dlsrtnbutloncould only L\: Due to some problems in differing between O and 1 year old youngs they are grouped in one group.
� se' �. w·
--- Solllhem Pack-ice Limit 1992 .------....� ,;.., - .� ,/ c.../ D··. . '. I . ", '. ' ...... '. '. '. \ '. .,' D
,
2' B .. ' 5 A .. '
Figure 1: Reference map of Franz Josef Land with the approximate ice limit (according to satellite map and 10cal observations). Area A and B refer to Figu res 2A and 2B.
10 GEORGE LANO
BRUCE ISLANO (] HOOKER ISLANO O
Bell Gunt. Inlet NORTHBROOK �Q ISLANO N IS_aPCape Å
A
o B
• Figure 2A & 2B: Detailed maps of areas surveyed for walruses. Observ a tio
Komsomol ns fr om shaded areas I:..liland are given in Table 3. Dots indicate single 51 walrus observations. Squares denote potential terrestrial haul-out grounds that were checked during the survey.
Triangles denote haul-out grounds N Å reported in Gjertz et al. (1992).
11 12 Ornithological Notes from Franz Josef Land, Russia, Summers 1991 and 1992.
Bjørn Frantzen1, Hallvard Strøm & Jon Opheim. Norwegian Ornithological Society I ) P. O. Box 30, N2966 Slidre, Norway
Zelentsy" was used. This cruise Three members of the Norwegian departed from Murmansk Ornithological Society participated 15. August 1992 arriving back in on three different cruises to Franz Murmansk September 1992. lee Josef Land in August-September 5. conditions in Franz Josef Land are 1991 and 1992, in order to search severe and ships with Iow ice for seabird colonies suitable for classification are only able to work future monitoring. This note in the area for a short period, describes all seabird colonies normally from medio augu st and a visited and also all bird species month or more. The ornithological observed. The Great Skua work had low priority on the Stercorarius skua and the Pu ffin crui ses, and seabird colonies could Fratereula arctiea were found for the only be visited in combination with first time at Franz Josef Land and work of higher priority. the Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus was found breeding for The seabird cliffs in Franz Josef the first time. Land. The archipelago is poorly studied Three different cruises to Franz and only a few ornithological Josef Land. expeditions have been undertaken . B. Frantzen participated on the during the last hundred years. The cruise with the Russian ship ornithofauna of Franz Josef Land is "Pom or" . august to 3. September 24 therefore inadequately mapped. 1991., with departure and arrival There are many seabird colonies in from Longyearbyen, Svalbard. the archipelago, but only some of Frantzen was a gu est of Murmansk these have been studied. Marine Biological Institute (MMBI). H. Strøm participated on a cruise The maps over seabird cliffs in with the same ship between lI. Franz Josef Land (Table 1, Fi gures august and 8. September 1992, also 1 A & 1B) (see also Uspenskij & from Longyearbyen, as a member Tomkovitch 1986) only indicate of the Norwegian Polar Institute's some of the bird cliffs in Franz biological team. J. Opheim Josef Land. If fl at and stony islands participated on the third cruise, on are excluded, it is our experience which the MMBI's ship "Dainie that most islands have one or more
13 seabird cliffs. These colonies are Puffin), and one was new breeding predominantly small, Le. probably species (Pomerine Skua). less than 100 birds. Red-throated diver Gavia Stellata The Brunnich's Guillemot Uria One pair was observed in a small lomvia and Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla lake on Klagenfurt Island and two are linked to the open waters in the pairs were seen at two different south and are less cornmon in the small lakes on SW Wilczek Island north. Their colonies are small 24.08.92. compared to the colonies in Svalbard and Novaya Semlja. The Black Guillemot Cepphus grylle and Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis the Little A uk Alle alle are found A very common bird on the open throughout the whole archipelago sea and also north in the sounds and the latter are numerous between the islands. Of the 225 (Norderhaug et al. 1977). It is Fulmars that were counted at sea, possible that an important part of 96 were dark phased. Fulmars the Barents Sea population of little probably bred at seven of the auks breed in Franz Josef Land. visited seabird c1iffs, an d the northernmost of these was at Brosh In total, 15 seabird colonies were Island. visited (Table 3). Often we only had from 10 minutes to a couple of Goose sp. Anser sp hours at each colony. We therefore We observed excrement and tracks only had time for making simple from geese in the vegetation under estimates at the sites visited. All the bird c1iffs on NE Wilczek counts were cond ucted from land Island 29.08.91, and on Klagenfurt using binoculars. Island 24.08.92
Future monitoring and ringing Pink-footed Goose Anser None of the cliffs visited are of brachyrhynchus such a construction that all the One individual was observed at a breeding species were accessible. freshwater pond at Cape Flora The cliffs are steep and filled wi th 16.08.92. Some days later one loose stones. Working in such individual was observed at Ru bini places may therefore be dangerous. Rock a.M. Weslawski pers. We have listed the locations were comm.). monitoring and ringing could be carried out quite easily (Tab. 2) . Brent Goose Branta bernicla The little auk is the only species One individual at Wiener-Neustadt that in general is easily accessible. Island 27.08.92
Eider Somateria molissima The Bird Species Observed Three fernaleswith 10 big young were observed on NE Wilczek In total, 22 species were observed, Island 29.08.91. Three fernales with of which two were new for the 17 young were observed at Kane archipelago (Great Skua and Island 28.08.92. Three old nests an d
14 60-70 adult eiders (only one adult aggressive towards other male) were observed at Etteridge pomarines (Frantzen 1992). Island 18.08.92. Two old nests were Breeding outside lemming found and two females were also (Lemmus lemmus) areas is only observed on the northern side of known once before, from the island 30.08.92. At Komsomol Tusenøyane on Svalbard. Both the Island 34 adult females and one Pomarine Skua and the Long-tailed male were observed 20.08.92. Two Skua. females were observed at northern Kuna Island 22.08.92, and on The pomarines were quite common female at SW Wilczek Island as single birds or small fl ocks up to 24.08.92. five individuals were found at ten of the visited localities. Pomarine Skuas were less common than the Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima Arctic Skua in FranzJosef Land. Single individuals were found at five different locations. On Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus Komsomol Island 15 individuals Single birds or small flocks (2-4 were observed 20.08.92, and at individuals) seen at most of the Cape Flora four individuals were localities. At the northernmost observed 26.08.91. They were location, Stolichky Island, eight feeding both in fresh and in sea individuals were observed water. One alarming bird was 22.08.92. One pair with two young observed at Cape Flora 26 .08.91. were observed at Bell Island 26.08.91. The most common of the Great Skua Stercorarius skua skua species on Franz Josef Land. One individual was observed at Tikhaia Bay, Hooker Island Long-tailed Skua Stercorarius skua 30.08.91. Had also been seen two Some individua ls were observed at times the week before (L Gjertz sea south of Franz Josef Land, but pers.comm.) These are the first not in the archipelago. observations of Great Skua from Franz Josef Land (Frantzen 1992). Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus One individual was mobbed by Often bre ed ing in or ne ar bird Pomarine Skuas at Komsomol c1iffs. Single birds or small fl ocks Island 20.08.92. were observed all over the visited area, also at sea. Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarznus Ross's Gull Rhodostethia rosea A t NE Wilczek Island the Five adult birds were observed at Pomarine Skua was found Wiener-Neustadt Island 27.08.92, breeding 29.08.92. About 40 adult and three 2K birds were observed birds and six already flying young feeding together with Arctic Terns were observed in an inland area (Sterna paradisaea) and Kittiwakes free from vegetation, covered by in the sound between Stolichky sand and a flat glacier. The birds and Pajera Islands 30.08.92. were found at small lakes or ponds. Some of the birds were
15 Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnea visited on Franz Josef Land, and Were seen as soon as we came also at sea. dose to the ice. Singles and flocks, up to three individuals, were seen Uttle Auk Alle alle occasionally. At the Arctic station Common bird on Franz Josef Land. on Hayes Island 10-20 birds were At Tikhaia Bay almost full gr own feeding on garbage fr om the chicks were observed 28.08.92. enormous waste dump. More than Also observed at sea be tween 10 pairs with flying young were Svalbard and Franz Josef Land. observed here in late August 1991. Puffin Fratereula arctiea Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla One bird was observed flying near Observed at all visited localities. Cape Flora 16 .08.92. This is the first Both years the young left the nest observation of a Puffin at Franz in late August or early September. Josef Land.
Arctic Tem Sterna paradisaea Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca Found breeding on Bell and One individual was observed at Wilczek Islands in 1991 and Cape Flora 16.08.92, and three probably breeding on Etteridge birds were seen at the same place Island in 1992. At Komsomol on 26.08.92. One bird was observed Island we observed many birds, in the bird diff at Klagenfurt Island and probably the re was a big 24.08.92. Between Hooker and colony there. Observed regularly at Northbrook Islands one individual sea and between the islands. was observed sitting on the ice 18. and 24.08.92. Feathers and pellets Briinnich's Guillemot Uria lomvia were found on Bell Island 23.08.92. Both ye ars the young jumped fr om medio A ugust to the first week of Redwing Turdus iliacus September. In September 1991 One dead bird, probably fr om many young were killed in the 1991, was found at Cape Flora drift ice south of Franz Josef Land 16.08.92. w hen hard wind started to press the ice together. The adults jumped Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis up on the ice, but most of the Observe d on most localities that young were squeezed in the ice. were visited in both ye ars. For hours afterward wailing aduIts were heard sitting on the ice calling for their young. Small gr oups of guillemots were observed all the way between Svalbard and Franz Josef Land, and also between Acknowledgment Novaja Se mlja and Franz Josef In 1992 the Norwegian Land. Ornithological Society was sponsored by the Directorate for Black Guillemot Cepphus grylle Nature Management, Norwegian Single birds an d small flocks were Polar Institute an d Norwegian observe d at most of localities Institute for Nature Research.
16 Referenees:
Frantzen, B. 1992. Franz Josef Land august 1991. Vår Fuglefauna 15: 167- 172.
Norderhaug, M., Brun, E. & Møllen,G.U. 1977. Barentshavets sjøfuglressurser. Forhold i tilknytning til status, miljø problemer og forskningsoppgaver. Norsk Polarinstitutt Meddelelser 104, 119pp.
Skakuj, M. 1992. Seabirds of Tikhaia Bay, Summer 1991. Norsk Polarinstitutt Meddelelser 120:63-64
Uspenskij, S. M. and Tomkovitch, P. S. 1986. The birds of Franz Josef Land and their protection. Pp . 63- 75 in: E. C. Korotkevitch & S. M. Uspenskij: Pro rodnye kompleksy Arktiki i voprosy ikh okhrany, Goskomi tet Gidrometerologii, Leningrad. (in Russian)
17 Table l: Seabird colonies visited on Franz Josef Land 1991-1992 (see Fig. lA & lB)
Colony name Visitor1 Described in Uspenskij Description & Tomkovitch (1986)
1. Cape Grant, George Land HS Yes a bird cliff 2. Bel! Island BF Yes the area around the old house 3. Bel! Island S HS No a bird cliff 4. Cape Flora BF,HS Yes 5. Etheridge Island HS Yes two small, flat Islands 6. Tikhaia Bay, Hooker Island BF,JO,HS Yes 7. Cape Albert Markam, Hooker Island HS Yes 8. SW Wilczek Island JO Yes an inland walk and a bird cliff 9. NE Wilczek Island BF No an inland walk and a bird cliff 10. Cape Tegetthof, Hal! Island HS No 11. Klagenfurt Island JO No an inland walk and a bird cliff 12. SSW Wilczek Land JO No a kittiwake colony seen from Klagenfurt Island 13. WSW Wilczek JO Yes bird cliff 14. Komsomol Island HS Yes a small, flat island, invest. from from inflateable
15. Hays Island BF,JO,HS Yes the area around the arctic station 16. S Champ Island JO Yes bird cliff 17. SW Wiener-Neustadt JO;HS Yes a beach and the surroundings 18. SW Kane Island HS No a beach and the surroundings 19. Brosh Island HS No bird cliff 20. Stolichky and Appolonoff Isls HS No two reI. flat islands with a 30m cliff int the south, a walk and a bird cliff 1) BF - Bjørn Frantzen, JO - Jon Opheim, HS - Hallvard Strøm
Table 2. Bird cliffs suitable for monitoring and ringing
Colony name Speeies accessible Landing possibilities Comments
16. S. Champ Island Kittiwake Good Much ice in the fjord 1. Cape Grant Little Auk Uncertain 3. S. Bel! Island Little Auk Good 4. Cape Flora Little Auk Good 7. Cape Albert Markham LittJe Auk Good 13. WSW Wilczek Land Little Auk Good Very small 19. Brosh Island Little Auk Good
18 Table 3. Number of birds in seabird colonies on Franz Josef Land visited 1991 and 1992. Numbers are for individual birds.
Colony Visited Briinnich's Little Black Kittiwake Glaucous Fulmar Guillemot Auk Guillemot Gull
1. Cape Grant 26.08.92 10.000 3.000 500 7.000 B PB 3. S. Bell Island 23.08.92 8.000* 2-3.000 5-600 6.000 B PB 4. Cape Flora 16.08.92 10-12.000 6. Tikhaia Bay 14.08.92 see Skakuj 1992 for details on birds here 7. Cape Albert 15.08.92 some nume- nume- some PB PB Markham rous rous 8. SW Wilczek Is1. 24.08.92 25 B 9. NE Wilczek Is1. 29.08.91 100-1.000 B 10. Cape Tegetthof 20.08.92 500-700 100 15-20 PB Il. Klagenfurt Is1. 24.08.92 500-1000 > 100 B PB 12. SSW Wilczek Land 24.08.92 Numerous - 13. WSW Wilczek Land 27.08.92 100 5 16. S. Champ Island 26.08.92 2 3-5.000 PB PB 19. Brosh Island 22.08.92 1.000- 100 l. lOOp B PB 1. 100 20. Appolonoff Is1. 22.08.92 500-1000 100-200 20. Stolichky Is1. 22. 08.92 2.000- 200-300 500 30-40 3000
B - breeding, PB - probably breeding, * - most young already jumped
19 ' .... 46' 46' 52' 58 60'
A o
��6A Off<;;J � ..StOI 'I. � 81' p o � Q <. � W'n:. 'i.'";tadt ��::':ZJo I.l. � �m- WllCZEK LAN ©�� � ,ri
Cape AI � M�rkh:: t;<{) C0[J an I.l. RubInI RoCk: Bayt lJ(lO� n Hooker I.l V E? Klagenfurt 151. 80' Northbrook (J Cape Grant � P :;�' ' 46' 46' 52' 58 60' .... t:J �a B O \J �6� � \. �2 � 81' a1 P �'8a 81 �o 1 tV5 '� Cl,� 13 7 �«) t Ij� C0 80' (:�}o () (J 80 � , 2' 46' D 5 6' � 3A 5 8 64· L?o. Figure 1 A & B: Map of Franz Josef Land with bird cliffs, listed in Table 1, indicated. 20 Snailfishes (Scorpaeniformes: Liparididae) from areas of Franz Josef Land, to the north of Svalbard and the adjacent continental slope N.V. Chernova1 & LV. Borkin2 1) Laboratory. of Ichthyology, Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Murmanskaya, 184631 Dalnye Zelentsy, Russia 2) Laboratory of Pelagic fishes, Polar Institute of Fishery a�d Oc eanography, Knipowitscha 6, 183763 Murmansk, Russla researc h vessel s "Varzuga " The Northern parts of the Barents (September - October 1979), Sea have been poody researched "Serebryanka " (August-September ichthyologically. In 1979-1984 ships 1980) and "Georgievsk" (August from the Polar Institute of Fishery September 1984) using otter-trawls and Oceanography studied the (mesh size 10-12 mm). Fish were regions nearest to the south of the collected by LV. Borkin. Particular Franz Josef Land, to the north of data on areas and hydrobiological Svalbard and on continental slope conditions have been published between the two archipelagos. earlier (Borkin, 1983). Preliminary ichthyological results have been published eadier Fish measurements were made (Borkin, 1983) and inc1uded a list of according to standard methods 33 fish species which have been (Able & McAllister 1980; Chernova found here. In this publication we 1991). The number of fin rays and present data of a detailed stud y of vertebraes were counted on x-ray the snailfish family Liparidida. This film. The coudal-fin ray form ula group is difficult to study and (C) was done according to Stein poody researched (Burke, 1930), (1978) and Andriashev (1986). intensive investigations have begun only in recent years (Stein 1978; Able & McAllister 1980; Results and discussion Andriashev 1986; Chernova 1988, 1991). There are snailfish of 7 species of 4 genera in our samples. Material and methods 1. (Bean, 1881) - A total of 68 bottom -and 5 pelagic Liparis gibbus Dusky snailfish samples were collected from the 21 Material: 4 specimens from 2 body fuse into a net-like pattern. stations (Fig. 1). The peritoneum is usually intensive black, but some Station 1: Northern part of the specimens have this with a pale Barents Sea (79°57'N, 36°33'E) at a background, seen through densely depth of 120 m, 2 specimens, total placed melophores. lengths (L) 139,0 and 88,5 mm. Males have total lengths (L) up to Station 2: Svalbard (80012'N, 159,0 mm, standard length (SL) 17°07'E) at 280 m depth, on sand , 137,6 mm; Females - 147,5 mm L, mud, gravel bottom; 2 specimens, 129,0 mm SL. Gonads are of the II total lengths (L) 187,0 and 138,9 III stages of maturity. Male-female mm. ratio is 5:4. The relation between the total and st andard length is Dorsal-rays: 41, 43, Anal-rays: 35, L=l,16 SL . 36, vertebraes 11+ (35, 37) = 46, 48, C 3+5, 5+1=14, pyloric caeca 30-34. L. fabricii is the most common and numerous (ofte n up to a few The colour is typical for the hund red specimens per trawl) Spitsbergen-Barents Sea snailfish in the area st udied. It is population, with small dark-brown found almost everywhere and spots on pale background fusioned caught at depths ranging from 70- in a net-like pattern. 600 m, most often at 200-400 m. In the most northerly trawl haul L. 2. Liparis fabricii (Kroyer, 1847) fabricii was caught at depths from =Liparis koefoedi (P arr, 1932) - 768-880 m. L. fabricii was found gelatinous snailfish. mainly on mud bottom with water temperature ranging from -0,8° to Material: 680 specimens. from 54 +1, 55°. stations (Fig. 2). 3. Careproctus reinhardti (Kroyer, Counts (n=43): Dorsal-rays 43-49, 1862) - Reinhardt's tad pole frequently the fi rst ray of dorsal fi n is shorter (n=14); Anal-rays 37-40; Material: 88 specimens. from 3 vertebraes 10-11 (12) + 38-42 =49- stations (Fig. 3). 53; more often C 2+4, 5+ 1=12: upper secondary rays 2-3, up per Counts (32-39 x-ray photographs): primary 4, lower primary 4-5, Dorsal-rays 53-59, Anal-rays 48-53, lower secondary 1-2. Frequency of vert ebraes (9) 10-11 + 48-65; more distribution of Dorsal-fin and often C 1 +4, 5+ 1= 11 (n=28), more Anal-fin rays and vert ebraes are rarely with 2 upper secondary rays given in Figures 1-3. Pyloric caeca (n=3). Usually the interneurale of 17-30 (Fig. 4). the fi rst Dorsal-ray is between 3rd and 4th neural spines (position III Colour brownish-black, with 4-5 IV), and there is one free broad bands on the Dorsal and interneurale (n=21). In a few cases Anal fins. Small spots (less than the first Dorsal-ray is shorter and eye diameter) on the tail part of the has position Il-Ill (n=3). 22 Females 80-95 mm were 3 years Live specimens are uniform rose in old, 100-120 mm were 4 years, 135- colour, preserved specimens are 140 mm were 5 years, 160-170 mm colourless yellowish. All were 6 years, 186-200 mm at least 7 specimens, large and small alike, years old; Males 70-90 mm SL were have small needle like prickles on 3 years old, 100-140 mm were 4-5 the skin. years, about 150 mm were 6 years, 160-170 mm at least 7 years. Females are larger than males: females lengths: 193,5 mm L and Stomach contents included 174,0 mm SL; male lenghts: 177,0 Pandalidae, Gammaridae, more mm L, 164,0 mm SL. The seid om fish (Triglops sp., Boreogadus relationship between total and saida). standard length is L= 1,2 SL (n=38, L 58-194 mm). The male-female C. reinhardti is widely distributed ratio is 1:1. Gonads were of in the area mentioned, though it is maturity stage Il. The ovarium is caught in less amounts than L. double, closed with a central jabricii. It is found at depths cavity. Females 100-164 mm in ranging from 120-690 m, most length (SL) have 1115-4200 oocytes of ten at 200-400 m, mainly on mud of early trophoplasmatic stage with or mud with stones, sand or clay diameter of 0,3-1,7 mm. bottom. The northernmost specimens are from 81°07'N, There is no differentiation of the 44°22'E. size groups among the oocytes, as is found later in the Il-IV stages of 4. Careproctus ranula (Goode & maturity, therefore the data above Bean, 1880) only give an approximation of the fecundity. One specimen was found north west of Spitsbergen at 79°59'N, Measurements of two size groups 07°16'E (Fig. 1), at a depth of 698 of this species are given in Table 1. m, on a bottom consisting of mu d The relative eye diameter and disk with stones, sand and grave!. This anus distance decrease relative specimen was a female lengths: with increasing fi sh lengths, while 84,6 mm L, 77,0 mm SL and had the width and heigth of the head, gonads of the Il stage of maturity. the maximal heigth and heigth above the Anus, the preanal length Dorsal-rays 56 (the first Dorsal-ray and the distance from the anus is shortened), Anal-rays 49, anal fin all increase. In most cases vertebraes. 62, pylorie eaeea 11. the length of the lower pectoral lobe increases: from 25,4 to 34% of 5. Careproctus micropus (Giinther, SL . 1887) Preliminary results show One specimen was caught north specimens 50 mm SL were 2 years west of Franz Josef Land at old, 81°07'N, 44°22'E (Fig. 1), at a depth of 250 m on stoney bottom. This 23 was a male with lengths: 87,0 mm (Tsinovsky & Melnikov 1980). That L, 78,0 mm SL and had gonads of is why the L. fa bricii as weU as the III stage of maturity. Boreogadus saida, were considered cryopelagic fi sh species Dorsal-rays 53, Anal-rays 48, (Andriashev et al. 1980). vert ebraes 60, pyloric caeca 11. C. reinhardti is also a common and 6. Paraliparis bathybius (Collett, numerous snailfish in the Franz 1879) Josef Land area and in the northern parts of the Barents Sea. Hs Material: 11 specimens. from 4 distribution area includes the stations (Fig. 1). All fi sh were western North Atlantic (Able & caught on the continental slope in McAllister 1980) and the Eurasian the area 81°4 7'N-81 °53'N, 35°10'E- Arctic (Chernova 1988, 1991). 36°22'E, at depths between 750- 1150 m and with water P. bathybius was previously known temperatures ranging from -O,3°C from the deep waters of the to + l,3°C. Norwegian Sea (Stein & Able 1986). Recently it has been found in Dorsal-rays 57-58, Anal-rays 50-54, the Central Arctic Basin to the vert ebraes. 63-66, pyloric caeca 5-6. north of the East -Siberian Sea Total lengths (L) 184, 0-219, O mm. (Tsynovsky 1980). In the area dealt with in the present study it was 7. Rhodichthys regina (Collett, previously recorded from the 1879) continental slope (Borkin 1983). One specimen, total length (L) Four species have not been recored 187,0 mm was caught at 81°47'N, in this area previously. L. gibbus 35°10'E (Fig. 1), at a d epth of 1080- was described from the Bering Sea 1090 m. (Bean 1881). Recently it was found to be wi dely distributed in the Dorsal-rays 60, Anal-rays 54, Canadian Arctic (Able & vert ebraes 68, pyloric caeca 8. McAllister 1980) and in the Bering Sea. In the last area it was confused Only 3 of 7 species menti oned wit h L. tunicatus and L. liparis (Able above were previously known 1990; Chernova 1988, 1991. The L. from the st udy area: L. jabricii (as L. gibbus is very common in the west koefoedi), C. reinhardti, and P. Spitsbergen waters (Chernova bathybius (Andriashev 1964; Borkin 1987) and probably may penetrate 1983). The L. fa bricii is a common into the northern parts of the Arctic species with a circumpolar Barents Sea with the West distribution (Able 1990; Chernov a Spitsbergen current. Specimens 1991). During underwater work at from near Nordaustlandet, a ice-drift station in the central Svalbard are the most northern Arctic basin juveniles of this ever recorded for this species. C. species were severaI times seen ranula was known earlier only from living cryopelagicl y at ocean the North-west Atlantic (Able & depths of more than 2000 m Irion 1985) and has recently been 24 found in the Barents Sea (Chernova References 1988, 1991). C. mieropus, described from the Faroes Trough (Gunther Able, K. W. 1990. A revision of 1887), were recorded a1so in Arctic snailfishes of the genus Denmark and the Davis Strait Liparis (Scorpaeniformes: (Lutken 1898), recently it has been Cyclopteridae). Copeia 1990 (2):476- found also in the Barents Sea 492 (Chernova 1988,1991). The specimen from north-west of Franz Able, K. W. & Irion, W. 1985. Josef Land (81°07 ' N) is the Distribution and reproductive northernm ost recorded for this seasonality of snailfishes and species. The deep-sea species R. lumpfishes in the Gulf of St. regina was known from the Lawrence. Can. ]. Zool. 63:1622- Norwegian and Baffin Seas (Stein 1628 & Able, 1986). A juvenile specimen of this species has been recorded Able, K. W.& McAllister, D. E. from the Laptev Sea (Andriashev 1980. Revision of the snailfish 1954) in Eurasian Arctic. genus Liparis from Arctic Canada. Can. Bull. Aquat. Sei. 208 52, P Thus, the snailfish fauna of the Franz Josef Land area and the Andriashev, A. P. 1954. Fishes of northern parts of the Barents Sea the northern seas of USSR. seem to be richer and more diverse Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Zool. Inst. than previously thought, and Keys to the Fauna of the USSR includes at least 7 species of 4 53:452-469(Translation from genera. The icht hyofaunal list of Russian by Israel program for the area in question must theref ore Scientific Translations, 1964) be increased by 4 species: L. gibbus, C. ranula, C. mieropus, R. regina. For Andriashev, A. P. 1964. List of fish L. gibbus and C. mieropus the collected by the expedition of "F. specimens refered to are the Litke" (1955) to the north of Franz northernmost on record. Josef Land and Spitsbergen. Tr.Arkt. Antarkt Nauehno-Issled. Inst. 259:373-376 (in Russian) Andriashev, A. P. 1986. Review of the Snailfish Genus Paraliparis (Scorpaeniformes: Liparididae) of the Sothern Ocean. Theses Zoologieae 7, 204 P Andriashev, A. P., Mukhomediarov, B. F. & Pavstiks, E. A. 1980. On the mass accumulations of cryopelagic cods (Boreogadus saida and Arctogadus glacialis) in the circumpolar regions 25 of the Arctic.Pp. 196-210 In: M. E. Chernova, N. V. 1991 Snailfishes of Vinogradov & L A. Melinkov the Eurasian Arctic. Apatity1991, (Eds.) Biology of the Central Arctic Kolsk Nauchn. Tzentr 180 p (in Basin. Leningrad, Izd. Nauka (in Russian) Russian Giinther, A. 1887. Report on the Bean, T. H. 1881. Descriptions of deep-sea fishes collected by H.M.S. new species from Alaska and Challenger during the years 1873- Siberia. Proc. U. S. Natl Mus. 4:144- 76. Challenger Reports, Zool. 22:66-70 159 Liitken, C. F. 1898. The Burke, V. 1930. Revision of the ichtyological results. The Danish fis hes of the family Liparidae. Bull. Ingolf Expedition 2:14-18 U. S. Natl Mus. 150, 204 pp Stein, D. L. 1978. A review of the Borkin, I. V. 1983. Results of deepwater Liparididae (Pisces) studies of ichthyofauna off Franz from the coast of Oregon and Josef Land and in the area to the adjacent waters. Occas. Pap. Calij. north of Spitsbergen. Pp. 34-42 in Acad. Sei. 127, 55p Studies on biology, morphology and physiology of hydrobionts, Stein, D. L. & Able, K. W. 1986. Apatity, Kolsk Fil. Akad. Nauk Liparididae. Pp 1275-1283 in P. SSSR (in Russian) Whitehead et al. (eds) Fishes of the North-Eatsern Atlantic and the Chernova, N. V. 1987. Mediteranean. UNESCO Reprod uction of the d usky snailfish Liparis gibbus Bean Tsinovsky, V. D. 1980. To the (Scorpaeniformes, Liparididae). ichtyofauna of deep sea of the Pp. 87-97 in Ecological and Central Basin, Pp. 214-218 in M. E. physiological studies of Vinogradov & I. A. Melnikov (eds): commercial fish of the North Basin. Biology of the central Arctic basin. Leningrad Izd. Nauka. (in Moskow , Izd. Nauka (in Russian) Russian). Tsinovsky, V. D. & Melnikov, I. Chernova, N. V. 1988. Species A. 1980. Occurrence of Liparis composition of the genus koefoedi (Liparididae, Osteichthyes) Careproctus (Pisces, in the waters of the central Arctic Scorpaeniformes: Liparididae) of basin. Pp. 211-214 in M. E. the Barents Sea and adjacent Vinogradov & I. A. Melnikov (eds): waters. Pp. 142-143 in Theses of Il Biology of the Central Arctic Basin. All Union Conferance "Ecology, Moskow, Izd. Nauka. (in Russian) biological productivity and mariculture of the Barents Sea", Murmansk 26 40° /' -""\ , \. M/, / 1/ \ \. 1 '..;- - ', . -', .,/ " . ,/ ) . - ...... J l '/' \ b ) l � '\ , r . ,00O .../ \ I .J/ \ '-/ 1(,- ...... '" l .... �'" \: -. ) .J '- , ( \.. - . '1.00 ( ...... " � ... I ) \ ''80 . : \ <.. :U " , 'b. . · ' � ,:','. : I�\ . . . } I \ , .- � ) I�� . ø . , . .. : \ · . . . : d)- \.. ,,.: ' ... /� . .: n I' I.,. ) .: ...... ) ( \, (� � 8(J> --) " /" \... ,) l l ( \ '- ) I ) \ r lJ o L. gibbus • C. micropus C. ranula r - ) Å \ P. bathybius J ( � <.. '--/ • R. regina ..) "J Figure 1 Map of col lection sites of L. gibbus, C. ranula, C. micropus, P. bathybius, R. regina in Franz Josef Land, Svalbard and adj acent continental slope areas. 40° •• i J • • 80° --' - "'" ( ._ r ""' 1 (" S..." I '- - ) (/-..... / r -) • I Figure 2 Sample sites from the study area where L fa bricii were fo und. 27 20° / ·-·e--· � . l .r '\ -\\) \)\)...... ,.. ·v fl t.. . _ -lOO , ) \.. ./" /' ) \.-' """' I ( • \ e ( " \ "\ \ "\"\ • \ ) J J ...... \ \ "' . \ "\ (( ..e,. -J /'./) I.J. ,- ./ J ( . ./ \ \.). r / ) Figure 3 Sample sites from the study area where C. reinhardti were fo und 1 6 1 4 I 1 2 l I .c : U) fabricii (n=41) -- L. ;: t - o reinhardfi (n=28) 'I;: ---G-- C. 6 t 4 T • 2 I "'. O I i I I I i I # of Dorsal-fin rays Figure 4 Dorsal-fin ray distributions of L. fa bricii and C. reinhardti. 28 18 • 16 14 1\ 12 • • .t::Cl) --1.1--- fabricii (n=43) ;:: lO L. - o reinhardti (n=33) � 8 -o-- C. 6 4 2 I • O I I I J I I I : ! I ! I I i # 01 Anal-fin rays Figure 5 Anal-fin ray distributions of L. fa bricii and C. reinhardti. 18 • 16 14 12 • • .t:: fabricii (n=43) Cl) I --1.1-- L. ;:: lO - reinhardti (n=29) o --Cj--- C. � 8 6 4 2 • • o O ��o���������o������ ������������������� # 01 vertebrae Figure 6 Vertebrae numbers in L. fa bricii and C. reinhardti. 29 12 • 10 8 .t::l/) - tabricii (n=43) ;;:: .- L. - 6 o ----Q-- reinhardti (n=21) '*t: C. 4 2 • '\. • o o O # of Pyloric caeca Figure 7 Distributions of Pylorie eaeea in L. fa bricii and C. reinhardti. Table 1 Propartional measurements (in % SL) of twa size groups of C. reinhardti n=7-10 n=3-4 Interval Mean S n-l Interval Mean S n-l Total length, mm 96 ,0-1 46,0 127,4 14,50 155,0-1 93,0 173 Standard length(SL), mm 90,0-94, 7 91 ,4 1,47 89,0-92, 7 91 1,78 in SL % Head length 25,5-29,9 27,7 1,55 25,3-29,9 28, 1 2,44 Snaut length 8,3-1 1,8 10,3 1,17 9,2-1 2,2 10,7 1,44 Eye diam eter 5,5-6,9 6,1 0,52 4,6-5,8 5,2 0,55 Posteye length 12,0-1 5,4 13,7 1.26 12,8-1 5,6 14,3 1,49 Head width 13,6-21 ,4 16,8 2, 19 17,2-20, 7 18,7 1,49 Head height 20,7-25,0 22, 1 1,72 23,9-26,0 24,6 0,99 Maximal height 23,0-25,9 24, 7 0, 94 26, 1 -30,5 27,6 2,05 Height above disk 14,9-21 ,6 17,9 2, 19 15,2-1 9,5 17,7 1,9 Height above A-origin 20,0-22,7 21,2 0, 73 21 ,7-25,6 23,7 1,62 Predorsal length 26,7-30,3 28,4 1.3 24,4-29,3 27,6 2,22 Preanal length 35,1-40,2 37,6 1,78 40,0-46,3 43 ,4 2,59 Mandible to anus 15,9-27,7 19,5 3, 17 18,3-1 9,6 19 0,57 Mandible to disk 9, 1-1 2,6 10,2 1,45 9,4-1 1,6 10,5 0,91 5,6-6, 7 6, 1 0,43 5,2-6, 5,7 0,38 Disk length l Anus to A-origin 20,3-27,7 22,5 2, 11 24,6-28,3 25,9 1,67 1-1,8 0,9 0,66 0, 17 0, 17 Disk to anus O, Pectoral length: Upper lobe roys 11,8-1 7,8 15,4 1,83 14,0-1 6,9 15,1 1,55 Shortest ray 5,9-1 1,8 8,5 1,92 7,1-1 1,7 8,9 2,22 Lower lobe ray 20.4-33,3 25,4 3,99 28,3-39,0 34 4,47 Interorbital width 10,2-1 2,2 11,1 0, 71 7,99-1 3,0 11,1 2, 14 Gil! slit length 6,5-8,9 7,5 0,9 7,3-8,6 8,2 0, 75 9,8-12,1 Length of C 8,8-1 1,7 10,4 1.03 10,8 1.03 4, 4,0-6, 4,9 1.11 Length of dorsal overlap of caudal 3,5-5,2 3 0, 9 l Length of anal overlap of caudal 4, 7-6,3 5,3 0, 75 3,7-5.4 4, 7 0,89 30