The Gut Microbiota of the Egyptian Mongoose As an Early Warning Indicator of Ecosystem Health in Portugal
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Yellow Mongoose Cynictis Penicillata in the Great Fish River Reserve (Eastern Cape, South Africa)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by South East Academic Libraries System (SEALS) Spatio-temporal ecology of the yellow mongoose Cynictis penicillata in the Great Fish River Reserve (Eastern Cape, South Africa) By Owen Akhona Mbatyoti A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (ZOOLOGY) in the Faculty of Science and Agriculture at the University of Fort Hare August 2012 Supervisor: Dr Emmanuel Do Linh San DECLARATION 1. This is to declare that this dissertation entitled “Spatio-temporal ecology of the yellow mongoose Cynictis penicillata in the Great Fish River Reserve (Eastern Cape, South Africa)” is my own work and has not been previously submitted to another institute. 2. I know that plagiarism means taking and using the ideas, writings, work or inventions of another person as if they were one’s own. I know that plagiarism not only includes verbatim copying, but also extensive use of another person’s ideas without proper acknowledgement (which sometimes includes the use of quotation marks). I know that plagiarism covers this sort of material found in textual sources (e.g. books, journal articles and scientific reports) and from the Internet. 3. I acknowledge and understand that plagiarism is wrong. 4. I understand that my research must be accurately referenced. I have followed the academic rules and conventions concerning referencing, citation and the use of quotations. 5. I have not allowed, nor will I in the future allow, anyone to copy my work with the intention of passing it off as their own work. -
Microbiology (Cbcs Structure)
B.Sc. (HONOURS) MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS STRUCTURE) Proposed Scheme for Choice Based Credit System in B.Sc. Honours in Microbiology Year Semester Core Course Ability Skill enhancement Discipline Specific Generic (14 Papers) enhancement course (SEC)(any 2 Elective Course Elective Course 6 credits compulsory papers) (2 Credits (any 4 papers)(6 (any 4 papers) each course each) credits each (6 credits each) (AECC)(2 papers) (2 credits each) I Paper 1 AECC-1 GE-1/2 Paper 2 Paper 1/2 1 (Any one) II Paper 3 AECC-2 GE-1/2 Paper 3/4 Paper 4 (Any one) III Paper 5 SEC-Paper 1/2 GE-1/2 Paper 6 (Any one) Paper 1/2 2 Paper 7 (Any one) IV Paper 8 SEC-Paper 3/4 GE-1/2 Paper 9 (Any one) Paper 3/4 Paper 10 (Any one) V Paper 11 DSE- Paper 1/2(Any one) Paper 12 DSE- Paper 3/4 (Any one) 3 VI Paper 13 DSE- Paper 5/6 Paper 14 (Any one) DSE- Paper 7/8 (Any one) UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL Page 1 B.Sc. (HONOURS) MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS STRUCTURE) Overall distribution of credits and marks in B.Sc.(Hons.) In Microbiology Course Total Credits /per Total papers Theory Practical Credits I.Core 14 4 2 14X6=84 Courses II.DSE 4 4 2 4X6=24 III.GE 4 4 2 4X6=24 IV.AECC 2 2 - 2x2=4 V.SEC 2 2 - 2x2=4 Grand 140 total UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL Page 2 B.Sc. (HONOURS) MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS STRUCTURE) Structure of B. -
Mammalian Predators Appropriating the Refugia of Their Prey
Mamm Res (2015) 60:285–292 DOI 10.1007/s13364-015-0236-y ORIGINAL PAPER When prey provide more than food: mammalian predators appropriating the refugia of their prey William J. Zielinski 1 Received: 30 September 2014 /Accepted: 20 July 2015 /Published online: 31 July 2015 # Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland (outside the USA) 2015 Abstract Some mammalian predators acquire both food and predators) may play disproportionately important roles in their shelter from their prey, by eating them and using the refugia communities. the prey construct. I searched the literature for examples of predators that exhibit this behavior and summarize their taxo- Keywords Predator–prey . Dens . Herbivore . Behavior . nomic affiliations, relative sizes, and distributions. I hypothe- Habitat . Resting . Foraging sized that size ratios of species involved in this dynamic would be near 1.0, and that most of these interactions would occur at intermediate and high latitudes. Seventeen species of Introduction Carnivorans exploited at least 23 species of herbivores as food and for their refugia. Most of them (76.4 %) were in the Mammals require food and most require shelter, either to pro- Mustelidae; several small species of canids and a few tect them from predators or from thermal stress. Carnivorous herpestids were exceptions. Surprisingly, the average mammals are unique in that they subsist on mobile food predator/prey weight ratio was 10.51, but few species of pred- sources which, particularly if these sources are vertebrates, ators were more than ten times the weight of the prey whose may build their own refuges to help regulate their body tem- refugia they exploit. -
XL Agar Base • XLD Agar
XL Agar Base • XLD Agar clinical evaluations have supported the claim for the relatively Intended Use high efficiency of XLD Agar in the primary isolation ofShigella XL (Xylose Lysine) Agar Base is used for the isolation and and Salmonella.5-9 differentiation of enteric pathogens and, when supplemented with appropriate additives, as a base for selective enteric media. XLD Agar is a selective and differential medium used for the isolation and differentiation of enteric pathogens from clinical XLD Agar is the complete Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate Agar, specimens.10-12 The value of XLD Agar in the clinical laboratory a moderately selective medium recommended for isolation and is that the medium is more supportive of fastidious enteric organ- differentiation of enteric pathogens, especially Shigella species. isms such as Shigella.12 XLD Agar is also recommended for the XLD Agar meets United States Pharmacopeia (USP), European testing of food, dairy products and water in various industrial Pharmacopoeia (EP) and Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP)1-3 standard test methods.13-17 General Chapter <62> of the USP performance specifications, where applicable. describes the test method for the isolation of Salmonella from nonsterile pharmaceutical products using XLD Agar as the solid Summary and Explanation culture medium.1 A wide variety of media have been developed to aid in the selective isolation and differentiation of enteric pathogens. Due Principles of the Procedure to the large numbers of different microbial species and strains Xylose is incorporated into the medium because it is fermented with varying nutritional requirements and chemical resistance by practically all enterics except for the shigellae. -
The Safety of Ready-To-Eat Meals Under Different Consumer Handling Conditions
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. The Safety of Ready-to-Eat Meals Under Different Consumer Handling Conditions A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Food Technology at Massey University, 0DQDZDWnj, New Zealand Fan Jiang 2016 i Abstract Microbial count is an important index to measure the safety status of a food. This trial aimed to determine the safety of eight meals (four meats and four vegetarians) by using the agar plate counting method to measure the populations of total bacteria and specific pathogenic microorganisms during four day’ abusing. The results showed that chicken & lemon sauce, pork & cranberry loaf and lasagne veg can be considered as acceptable after a series of handling steps including heating and holding in different environments. BBQ beef, quiche golden and pie rice & vegetable were all marginal for the microbial load before heating, but afterwards all of them were acceptable. Casserole chickpea and hot pot sausage were in marginal for the microbial load by the end of trial. Keywords: microbial count; eight meals; pathogenic microorganisms ii Acknowledgements I am like to acknowledge my chief supervisor Prof. Steve Flint for his consistent support and guidance. Without his insightful advice, this project would not go smoothly. I learnt a lot from him how to deal with the challenges faced in the research. I am also grateful to Mrs Julia Good at the Microbiology Laboratory for providing me with her expert guidance on the experimental operation. -
The 2008 IUCN Red Listings of the World's Small Carnivores
The 2008 IUCN red listings of the world’s small carnivores Jan SCHIPPER¹*, Michael HOFFMANN¹, J. W. DUCKWORTH² and James CONROY³ Abstract The global conservation status of all the world’s mammals was assessed for the 2008 IUCN Red List. Of the 165 species of small carni- vores recognised during the process, two are Extinct (EX), one is Critically Endangered (CR), ten are Endangered (EN), 22 Vulnerable (VU), ten Near Threatened (NT), 15 Data Deficient (DD) and 105 Least Concern. Thus, 22% of the species for which a category was assigned other than DD were assessed as threatened (i.e. CR, EN or VU), as against 25% for mammals as a whole. Among otters, seven (58%) of the 12 species for which a category was assigned were identified as threatened. This reflects their attachment to rivers and other waterbodies, and heavy trade-driven hunting. The IUCN Red List species accounts are living documents to be updated annually, and further information to refine listings is welcome. Keywords: conservation status, Critically Endangered, Data Deficient, Endangered, Extinct, global threat listing, Least Concern, Near Threatened, Vulnerable Introduction dae (skunks and stink-badgers; 12), Mustelidae (weasels, martens, otters, badgers and allies; 59), Nandiniidae (African Palm-civet The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most authorita- Nandinia binotata; one), Prionodontidae ([Asian] linsangs; two), tive resource currently available on the conservation status of the Procyonidae (raccoons, coatis and allies; 14), and Viverridae (civ- world’s biodiversity. In recent years, the overall number of spe- ets, including oyans [= ‘African linsangs’]; 33). The data reported cies included on the IUCN Red List has grown rapidly, largely as on herein are freely and publicly available via the 2008 IUCN Red a result of ongoing global assessment initiatives that have helped List website (www.iucnredlist.org/mammals). -
Salmonella Typhimurium Infection Disrupts but Continuous Feeding of Bacillus Based Probiotic Restores Gut Microbiota in Infected Hens Samiullah Khan and Kapil K
Khan and Chousalkar Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology (2020) 11:29 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-020-0433-7 RESEARCH Open Access Salmonella Typhimurium infection disrupts but continuous feeding of Bacillus based probiotic restores gut microbiota in infected hens Samiullah Khan and Kapil K. Chousalkar* Abstract Background: The gut microbiota plays an important role in the colonisation resistance and invasion of pathogens. Salmonella Typhimurium has the potential to establish a niche by displacing the microbiota in the chicken gut causing continuous faecal shedding that can result in contaminated eggs or egg products. In the current study, we investigated the dynamics of gut microbiota in laying chickens during Salmonella Typhimurium infection. The optimisation of the use of an infeed probiotic supplement for restoration of gut microbial balance and reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium load was also investigated. Results: Salmonella infection caused dysbiosis by decreasing (FDR < 0.05) the abundance of microbial genera, such as Blautia, Enorma, Faecalibacterium, Shuttleworthia, Sellimonas, Intestinimonas and Subdoligranulum and increasing the abundance of genera such as Butyricicoccus, Erysipelatoclostridium, Oscillibacter and Flavonifractor. The higher Salmonella Typhimurium load resulted in lower (P < 0.05) abundance of genera such as Lactobacillus, Alistipes, Bifidobacterium, Butyricimonas, Faecalibacterium and Romboutsia suggesting Salmonella driven gut microbiota dysbiosis. Higher Salmonella load led to increased abundance of genera such as Caproiciproducens, Acetanaerobacterium, Akkermansia, Erysipelatoclostridium, Eisenbergiella, EscherichiaShigella and Flavonifractor suggesting a positive interaction of these genera with Salmonella in the displaced gut microbiota. Probiotic supplementation improved the gut microbiota by balancing the abundance of most of the genera displaced by the Salmonella challenge with clearer effects observed with continuous supplementation of the probiotic. -
Herpestes Ichneumon, Egyptian Mongoose
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T41613A45207211 Herpestes ichneumon, Egyptian Mongoose Assessment by: Do Linh San, E., Maddock, A.H., Gaubert, P. & Palomares, F. View on www.iucnredlist.org Citation: Do Linh San, E., Maddock, A.H., Gaubert, P. & Palomares, F. 2016. Herpestes ichneumon. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T41613A45207211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41613A45207211.en Copyright: © 2016 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London. If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the -
Web Ecology 7: 53–62
Web Ecology 7: 53–62. Trophic niche partitioning between two native and two exotic carnivores in SW Portugal Maria João Santos, Bruno Miguel Pinto and Margarida Santos-Reis Santos, M. J., Pinto, B. M. and Santos-Reis, M. Trophic niche partitioning between two native and two exotic carnivores in SW Portugal. – Web Ecol. 7: 53–62. The introduction of exotic species is one of the most pervasive consequences of the increased human mobility. The most known negative effects are the decrease or extinc- tion of natives. The common-genet, Genetta genetta, and the Egyptian mongoose, Her- pestes ichneumon, were introduced in the Iberian Peninsula in the 15th and 19th centu- ries, respectively. The competitive exclusion principle defines that two ecologically simi- lar species cannot coexist. Thus, some degree of partitioning has to occur in species realized niche, which can occur at the trophic level. To test this hypothesis of partitio- ning we compared the diet of these two exotic species with that of two native species (stone marten, Martes foina, and red fox, Vulpes vulpes). The results show a high degree of overlap (>45%) between the diets of species similar in their feeding strategies (arbore- al and ground feeding). Nonetheless, at the finer scale of prey consumed at the species level some differences are found between the native and exotic species. These results suggest that if coexistence is due to trophic niche partitioning it only occurs at the level of the consumed species. However, coexistence may also be due to a combination of different strategies (home-range size, time and space use) that structured the different realized niches of each species. -
Human Impacts on Carnivore Biodiversity Inside and Outside
HUMAN IMPACTS ON CARNIVORE BIODIVERSITY INSIDE AND OUTSIDE PROTECTED AREAS IN TANZANIA MAURUS JANUARY MSUHA PhD THESIS UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON (UCL) AND INSTITUTE OF ZOOLOGY, ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON 2009 1 DECLARATION I, Maurus January Msuha hereby declare that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated. The material contained in this thesis has not been previously submitted for a degree at University College London or any other university. ©The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation of this thesis should be published without the author’s prior written consent and information derived from this should be acknowledged. Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University College London, 2009 SUMMARY 2 Conservation of biodiversity throughout the world is often characterized by the establishment of protected areas. The implementation of this approach is extremely challenging particularly in developing countries due to expanding human population and demand for resources. Yet, information that is needed to guide managers and policy makers to develop effective conservation strategies is scarce in most of these countries. This thesis aimed to explore the impact of human activities on carnivore biodiversity inside and outside Tarangire National Park in Tanzania using camera traps, and to assess attitudes of agropastoralists towards carnivores using interviews. Results showed no significant difference in carnivore species richness between the park and communal grazing areas outside the park, but was a significantly different between the park and cultivated areas outside it. -
Interspecific Killing Among Mammalian Carnivores
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital.CSIC vol. 153, no. 5 the american naturalist may 1999 Interspeci®c Killing among Mammalian Carnivores F. Palomares1,* and T. M. Caro2,² 1. Department of Applied Biology, EstacioÂn BioloÂgica de DonÄana, thought to act as keystone species in the top-down control CSIC, Avda. MarõÂa Luisa s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; of terrestrial ecosystems (Terborgh and Winter 1980; Ter- 2. Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology and borgh 1992; McLaren and Peterson 1994). One factor af- Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, fecting carnivore populations is interspeci®c killing by California 95616 other carnivores (sometimes called intraguild predation; Submitted February 9, 1998; Accepted December 11, 1998 Polis et al. 1989), which has been hypothesized as having direct and indirect effects on population and community structure that may be more complex than the effects of either competition or predation alone (see, e.g., Latham 1952; Rosenzweig 1966; Mech 1970; Polis and Holt 1992; abstract: Interspeci®c killing among mammalian carnivores is Holt and Polis 1997). Currently, there is renewed interest common in nature and accounts for up to 68% of known mortalities in some species. Interactions may be symmetrical (both species kill in intraguild predation from a conservation standpoint each other) or asymmetrical (one species kills the other), and in since top predator removal is thought to release other some interactions adults of one species kill young but not adults of predator populations with consequences for lower trophic the other. -
View Our Full Water Sampling Vials Product Offering
TABLE OF CONTENTS Environmental Monitoring 1 Sample Prep and Dilution 8 Dehydrated Culture Media - Criterion™ 12 Prepared Culture Media 14 Chromogenic Media - HardyCHROM™ 18 CompactDry™ 20 Quality Control 24 Membrane Filtration 25 Rapid Tests 26 Lab Supplies/Sample Collection 27 Made in the USA Headquarters Distribution Centers 1430 West McCoy Lane Santa Maria, California Santa Maria, CA 93455 Olympia, Washington 800.266.2222 : phone Salt Lake City, Utah [email protected] Phoenix, Arizona HardyDiagnostics.com Dallas, Texas Springboro, Ohio Hardy Diagnostics has a Quality Lake City, Florida Management System that is certified Albany, New York to ISO 13485 and is a FDA licensed Copyright © 2020 Hardy Diagnostics Raleigh, North Carolina medical device manufacturer. Environmental Monitoring Hardy Diagnostics offers a wide selection of quality products intended to help keep you up to date with regulatory compliance, ensure the efficacy of your cleaning protocol, and properly monitor your environment. 800.266.2222 [email protected] HardyDiagnostics.com 1 Environmental Monitoring Air Sampling TRIO.BAS™ Impact Air Samplers introduced the newest generation of microbial air sampling. These ergonomically designed instruments combine precise air sampling with modern connectivity to help you properly assess the air quality of your laboratory and simplify your process. MONO DUO Each kit includes: Each kit includes: TRIO.BAS™ MONO air sampler, induction TRIO.BAS™ DUO air sampler, battery battery charger and cable, aspirating charger