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Records of the Australian Museum (1988) Supplement 9. ISBN 0 730554805 Revision of the labrid fish genus Pseudolabrus and allied genera BARRY c. RUSSELL Division of Natural Sciences, Northern Territory Museum, P.O. Box 4646, Darwin, N.T. 5794, Australia ABSTRACT. Six labrid genera, Austrolabrus Steindachner, Dotalabrus Whitley, Eupetrichthys Ramsay & Ogilby, Notolabrus new genus, Pictilabrus Gill, and Pseudolabrus Bleeker, are recognised as forming a monophyletic assemblage, here referred to collectively as pseudolabrines. This group comprises 23 species, including two new species described herein: Dotalabrus alleni n.sp. and Pictilabrus viridis n.sp., both from south-western Australia. The genus Suezichthys (= Suezia) Smith, previously considered closely related to Pseudolabrus, is excluded. Keys, diagnoses and descriptions of the genera and species are given. The pseudolabrines are provisionally placed in the tribe lulidini, and appear to be the plesiomorphic sister group of all other julidines. Within the pseudolabrine group, cladistic analysis supports the separation of Notolabrus n.gen., previously included with Pseudolabrus, and the inclusion of Lunolabrus Whitley as a sub genus of Pseudolabrus. Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................... 2 Historical Review .................................................................................................. 3 Methods and Materials ........................................................................................... 4 Biology ............................................................................................................... 5 Systematics .......................................................................................................... 7 Key to Genera ................................................................................................... 7 Dotalabrus Whitley ............................................................................................. 8 Notolabrus new genus ......................................................................................... 12 Pseudolabrus Bleeker ......................................................................................... 23 Pictilabrus Gill .................................................................................................. 35 Austrolabrus Steindachner ................................................................................... 40 Eupetrichthys Ramsay & Ogilby ............................................................................ 41 Osteology ........................................................................................................... 43 Labrid Classification and Relationships ...................................................................... 58 Relationships to Other Labroidei ............................................................................. 59 Character Analysis and Out-group Comparison ........................................................... 60 Relationships to Other lulidine Genera ..................................................................... 64 Relationships within the Pseudolabrine Group ............................................................ 65 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 65 References .......................................................................................................... 66 2 Records of the Australian Museum (1988) Supplement 9 Introduction lantzii Sauvage, both junior synonyms of Nelabriehthys ornatus (Carmichael), previously were referred to Labrid fishes of the genus Pseudolabrus Bleeker Pseudolabrus (Russell, 1983a, 1985). (1862a) and allied genera are among the most The pseudolabrines are small to medium-sized fishes characteristic fishes of the subtropical and temperate (to about 45cm total length [TL]) and usually occur South Pacific. The distribution of the group is centered abundantly in shallow inshore rock or coral habitats. in the Australia-New Zealand region, with a few Some species are brightly coloured, and in Australia species extending eastward across the Pacific as far as and New Zealand this has led to" the common. name Juan Fernandez. A single species, P. japonieus 'parrot fish' (not to be confused with parrot fish of the (Temminck & Schlegel), occurs in northern temperate family Scaridae). Pscudolabrine fishes were well waters from southern Japan to Hong Kong. known to indigenes, and although of little value today, Previously, 64 nominal species (Table 1) were formed an important source of food in prehistoric New referable to the genus Pseudolabrus and five other Zealand (Leach & Anderson, 1979) and Tasmania nominal genera (Austrolabrus Steindachner, 1884; (Jones, 1978). Dotalabrus Whitley, 1930; Eupetriehthys Ramsay & Because many pseudolabrine species lack distinctive Ogilby, 1888b; Lunolabrus Whitley, 1933; Pietilabrus meristic and morphometric characters, and as some, if Gill, 1892). Five genera (Austrolabrus, Dotalabrus, not all, species are protogynous hermaphrodites Eupetriehthys, Pietilabrus, Pseudolabrus) and a new (Choat, 1965; Doak, 1972; McPherson, 1977; Jones, genus (Notolabrus) are recognised here as forming a 1981a, 1981b) and exhibit varying degrees of sexual monophyletic assemblage, and are referred to dichromatism, the group has proved difficult for collectively as pseudolabrines. This group comprises taxonomists. Failure by some early workers to 23 species, including two hitherto undescribed species. recognise the significance of colour differences within a The genus Sueziehthys Smith (1957) (= Suezia - see single species often led to the same species being Smith, 1958) considered by Smith to be closely related redescribed repeatedly. to Pseudolabrus, and the monotypic genus The present study has three main objectives which Nelabriehthys Russell (1983a), also related, are not are presented in the following order: (1) definition of considered monophyletic with the pseudolabrine the genera and species of the pseudolabrine group, (2) group. Sueziehthys gracilis (Steindachner & hypothesis of their cladistic relationships, and (3) D6derlein) and S. notatus (Kamohara), and the examination of the relationships between the nominal species Labriehthys isleanus Sauvage and L. pseudolabrines and other labrid groups. Table 1. List of nominal taxa that have been referred to the pseudolabrine group, and their present designations. Refer to text discussion under senior synonym for the basis of determination for species assigned to the pseudolabrine group. Refer to RusseII (1983a) for discussion of nominal species assigned to Nelabrichthys; and RusseII (1985) for species assigned to Suezichthys. Species, Author, Publication date Present identification Eupetrichthys angustipes Ramsay & Ogilby, 1888b Eupetrichthys angustipes Ramsay & Ogilby Cheilinus aurantiacus Castelnau, 1872b Dotalabrus aurantiacus (Castelnau) Labrichthys australis Steindachner, 1866 Pseudolabrus guentheri (BIeeker) Labrichthys biserialis Klunzinger, 1879 Pseudolabrus biserialis (Klunzinger) Hemigymnus Bleasdalei Castelnau, 1875 ? Pictilabrus laticlavius (Richardson) Labrichthys Bleekeri Castelnau, 1872a Notolabrus tetricus (Richardson) Labrichthys Bostockii Castelnau, 1873 Notolabrus parilus (Richardson) Labrus botryocosmus Richardson, 1844-1848 (1846) Notolabrus celidotus (Forster in Bloch & Schneider) Labrichthys caudovittatus Steindachner, 1898 Suezichthys caudovittatus (Steindachner) Labrus celidotus Forster in Bloch & Schneider, 1801 Notolabrus celidotus (Forster in BIoch & Schneider) Labrichthys ceruleus SaviIIe-Kent, 1897 Notolabrus tetricus (Richardson) Labrichthys cincta Hutton, 1877 Notolabrus cinctus (Hutton) Labrus coccineus Forster, 1844 Pseudolabrus miles (Bloch & Schneider) Labrichthys convexus Castelnau, 1875 Notolabrus parilus (Richardson) Pseudolabrus cossyphoides Steindachner, 1901 Pseudolabrus miles (Bloch & Schneider) Labrichthys cruentatus De Vis, 1885 Pseudolabrus guentheri BIeeker Labrichthys Cuvieri Castelnau, 1873 Notolabrus tetricus (Richardson) Labrichthys cyanogenys Ramsay & Ogilby, 1888a Notolabrus tetricus (Richardson) Labrus cyprinaceous White, 1790 nomen dubium Labrus cyprinoides Meyer, 1793 nomen dubium in error for Labrus cyprinaceous White Labrichthys dorsalis MacIeay, 1881 Pseudolabrus guentheri BIeeker Labrichthys dux De Vis, 1884 Pseudolabrus guentheri BIeeker Labrichthys edelensis Castelnau, 1873 Notolabrus parilus (Richardson) Labrichthys elegans Steindachner, 1884 Dotalabrus aurantiacus (Castelnau) Labrus eothinus Richardson, 1846 Pseudolabrus japonicus (Houttuyn) Labrus fucicola Richardson, 1840 Notolabrus fucicola (Richardson) Labrichthys fuentesi Regan, 1913b Pseudolabrus fuentesi (Regan) Russell: Labrid fish genus Pseudolabrus 3 Labrichthys tetrica var. fuscipinnis Klunzinger, 1872 Notolabrus tetricus (Richardson) Labrus Gayi Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1839 Pseudolabrus gayi (Valenciennes) Eupetrichthys gloveri Scottin Scott et al., 1974 Pictilabrus laticlavius (Richardson) Labrichthys gracilis Steindachner & D6derlein, 1887 Suezichthys gracilis (Steindachner & D6derlein) Pseudolabrus Giintheri Bleeker, 1862b Pseudolabrus guentheri Bleeker Labrichthys gymnogenis Giinther, 1862 Notolabrus gymnogenis (Giinther) Labrus inscriptus vel Tautauga inscripta Richardson, 1844-1848 (1848) Notolabrus inscriptus (Richardson) Labrichthys isleanus Sauvage, 1875 Nelabrichthys ornatus
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