A Guide to Fisheries Stock Assessment from Data to Recommendations
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SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES and RESPONSIBLE AQUACULTURE: a Guide for USAID Staff and Partners
SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES AND RESPONSIBLE AQUACULTURE: A Guide for USAID Staff and Partners June 2013 ABOUT THIS GUIDE GOAL This guide provides basic information on how to design programs to reform capture fisheries (also referred to as “wild” fisheries) and aquaculture sectors to ensure sound and effective development, environmental sustainability, economic profitability, and social responsibility. To achieve these objectives, this document focuses on ways to reduce the threats to biodiversity and ecosystem productivity through improved governance and more integrated planning and management practices. In the face of food insecurity, global climate change, and increasing population pressures, it is imperative that development programs help to maintain ecosystem resilience and the multiple goods and services that ecosystems provide. Conserving biodiversity and ecosystem functions are central to maintaining ecosystem integrity, health, and productivity. The intent of the guide is not to suggest that fisheries and aquaculture are interchangeable: these sectors are unique although linked. The world cannot afford to neglect global fisheries and expect aquaculture to fill that void. Global food security will not be achievable without reversing the decline of fisheries, restoring fisheries productivity, and moving towards more environmentally friendly and responsible aquaculture. There is a need for reform in both fisheries and aquaculture to reduce their environmental and social impacts. USAID’s experience has shown that well-designed programs can reform capture fisheries management, reducing threats to biodiversity while leading to increased productivity, incomes, and livelihoods. Agency programs have focused on an ecosystem-based approach to management in conjunction with improved governance, secure tenure and access to resources, and the application of modern management practices. -
Virtual Population Analysis
1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW There are a variety of VPA-type methods, which form powerful tools for stock assessment. At first sight, the large number of methods and their arcane names can put off the newcomer. However, this complexity is based on simple common components. All these methods use age-structured data to assess the state of a stock. The stock assessment is based on a population dynamics model, which defines how the age-structure changes through time. This model is the simplest possible description of numbers of similar aged fish where we wish to account for decreases in stock size through fishing activities. The diversity of VPA methods comes from the way they use different types of data and the way they are fitted. This manual is structured to describe the different components that make up a VPA stock assessment model: Population Model (Analytical Model) The population model is the common element among all VPA methods. The model defines the number of fish in a cohort based on the fishing history and age of the fish. A cohort is a set of fish all having (approximately) the same age, which gain no new members after recruitment, but decline through mortality. The fisheries model attempts to measure the impact catches have on the population. The population model usually will encapsulate the time series aspects of change and should include any random effects on the population (process errors), if any. Link Model Only rarely can variables in which we are interested be observed directly. Usually data consists of observations on variables that are only indirectly linked to variables of interest in the population model. -
Fishers and Fish Traders of Lake Victoria: Colonial
FISHERS AND FISH TRADERS OF LAKE VICTORIA: COLONIAL POLICY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF FISH PRODUCTION IN KENYA, 1880-1978. by PAUL ABIERO OPONDO Student No. 34872086 submitted in accordance with the requirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY in the subject HISTORY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: DR. MUCHAPARARA MUSEMWA, University of the Witwatersrand CO-PROMOTER: PROF. LANCE SITTERT, University of Cape Town 10 February 2011 DECLARATION I declare that ‘Fishers and Fish Traders of Lake Victoria: Colonial Policy and the Development of Fish Production in Kenya, 1895-1978 ’ is my original unaided work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. I further declare that the thesis has never been submitted before for examination for any degree in any other university. Paul Abiero Opondo __________________ _ . 2 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to several fishers and fish traders who continue to wallow in poverty and hopelessness despite their daily fishing voyages, whose sweat and profits end up in the pockets of big fish dealers and agents from Nairobi. It is equally dedicated to my late father, Michael, and mother, Consolata, who guided me with their wisdom early enough. In addition I dedicate it to my loving wife, Millicent who withstood the loneliness caused by my occasional absence from home, and to our children, Nancy, Michael, Bivinz and Barrack for whom all this is done. 3 ABSTRACT The developemnt of fisheries in Lake Victoria is faced with a myriad challenges including overfishing, environmental destruction, disappearance of certain indigenous species and pollution. -
Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE)
RESEARCH FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE FISHERIES ON LAKE GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/80 (En) TANGANYIKA GCP/RAF/271/FIN-TD/80 (En) January 1998 CATCH PER UNIT OF EFFORT (CPUE) STUDY FOR DIFFERENT AREAS AND FISHING GEARS OF LAKE TANGANYIKA by COENEN E.C., PAFFEN P. & E. NIKOMEZE FINNISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AGENCY FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Bujumbura, January 1998 The conclusions and recommendations given in this and other reports in the Research for the Management of the Fisheries on the Lake Tanganyika Project series are those considered appropriate at the time of preparation. They may be modified in the light of further knowledge gained at subsequent stages of the Project. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of FAO or FINNIDA concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or concerning the determination of its frontiers or boundaries. PREFACE The Research for the Management of the Fisheries on Lake Tanganyika project (LTR) became fully operational in January 1992. It is executed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and funded by the Finnish International Development Agency (FINNIDA) and the Arab Gulf Program for the United Nations Development Organization (AGFUND). LTR's objective is the determination of the biological basis for fish production on Lake Tanganyika, in order to permit the formulation of a coherent lake-wide fisheries management policy for the four riparian States (Burundi, Tanzania, Zaire and Zambia). Particular attention is given to the reinforcement of the skills and physical facilities of the fisheries research units in all four beneficiary countries as well as to the build-up of effective coordination mechanisms to ensure full collaboration between the Governments concerned. -
Redacted for Privacy Abstract Approved: I
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Nilton Eduardo Deza Arroyo for the degree of Master of Science in Fisheries Science presented on November 8. 1996. Title: Mercury Accumulation in Fish from Madre de Dios. a Goidmining Area in the Amazon Basin. Peru Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: I. Weber Redacted for Privacy Wayne K. Seim In this study mercury contamination from goldmining was measured in tissues of fish from Madre de Dios, Amazonia, Peru.Bioaccumulation, biomagnification, the difference in mercury burden among residential and migratory species, and comparison between fish from Puerto Maldonado (a goidmining area) and Manu (a pristine area) were examined. Samples of dorsal-epaxial muscle of dorado (Brachyplatystoma flavicans); fasaco (Hoplias malabaricus),bothcarnivores;boquichico(Prochilodusnigricans),a detritivore;mojarita (Bryconopsaffmelanurus),an insectivore;and carachama (Hypostomus sp.), an detntivore; were analyzed by using the flameless cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique. Dorado, a top predator, displayed the highest values of total mercury (699 ugfKg ± 296).Six out of ten dorados showed an average higher than safe values of 0.5 ug/g (WHO, 1991). Lower values reported in this study in the other species suggest that dorado may have gained its mercury burden downstream of Madre de Dios River, in the Madeira River, where goidmining activities are several times greater than that in the Madre de Dios area. Fasaco from Puerto Maldonado displayed higher levels than fasaco from Manu; however, mercury contamination in Puerto Maldonado is lower than values reported for fish from areas with higher quantities of mercury released into the environment. Positive correlation between mercury content and weight of fish for dorado, fasaco and boquichico served to explain bioaccumulation processes in the area of study. -
Ecoevoapps: Interactive Apps for Teaching Theoretical Models In
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.18.449026; this version posted June 19, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Last rendered: 18 Jun 2021 2 Running head: EcoEvoApps 3 EcoEvoApps: Interactive Apps for Teaching Theoretical 4 Models in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 5 Preprint for bioRxiv 6 Keywords: active learning, pedagogy, mathematical modeling, R package, shiny apps 7 Word count: 4959 words in the Main Body; 148 words in the Abstract 8 Supplementary materials: Supplemental PDF with 7 components (S1-S7) 1∗ 1∗ 2∗ 1 9 Authors: Rosa M. McGuire , Kenji T. Hayashi , Xinyi Yan , Madeline C. Cowen , Marcel C. 1 3 3,4 10 Vaz , Lauren L. Sullivan , Gaurav S. Kandlikar 1 11 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles 2 12 Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin 3 13 Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 4 14 Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia ∗ 15 These authors contributed equally to the writing of the manuscript, and author order was 16 decided with a random number generator. 17 Authors for correspondence: 18 Rosa M. McGuire: [email protected] 19 Kenji T. Hayashi: [email protected] 20 Xinyi Yan: [email protected] 21 Gaurav S. Kandlikar: [email protected] 22 Coauthor contact information: 23 Madeline C. Cowen: [email protected] 24 Marcel C. -
Production and Maximum Sustainable Yield of Fisheries Activity in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency
E3S Web of Conferences 147, 02008 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014702008 3rd ISMFR Production and Maximum Sustainable Yield of fisheries activity in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency Aroef Hukmanan Rais* and Tuah Nanda Merlia Wulandari Balai Riset Perikanan Perairan Umum dan Penyuluhan Perikanan, Jln. Gub. HA Bastari, No.08 Jakabaring, Palembang, Indonesia Abstract. Production and fishing activities of inland waters in the Hulu Sungai Utara Regency (HSU) have a large contribution to fulfill the food needs for the local people in South Borneo. A total of 65% of the inland waters in the HSU Regency are floodplains. This research aimed to describe the production of capture fisheries products from 2010 to 2016, the catch per unit of effort (CPUE), the estimation of maximum sustainable (MSY), the biodiversity of fish species in the flood plain waters of Hulu Sungai Utara Regency (HSU). Research and field data collection was carried out throughout 2016, by collecting fishing gears and catch data from fishermen at Tampakang Village and Palbatu Village. The highest fish production was found in 2014, which reached a value of 2053 tons/year, and tended to decline in the following year. The highest catch per unit of effort per year was found to be in 2014 (151.65 tons/effort), and significantly dropped in 2016 (36.05 tons/effort). The Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) analysis obtained a value of 2103.13 tons/year with an effort value of 16.57 for standard fishing gear. The research identified 31 species of fish and the largest composition was baung (Mystusnemurus) and Nila (Tilapia nilotica). -
Stock Assessment of Sardine (Sardina Pilchardus, Walb.) in the Adriatic Sea, with an Estimate of Discards*
sm69n4603-1977 21/11/05 16:28 Página 603 SCI. MAR., 69 (4): 603-617 SCIENTIA MARINA 2005 Stock assessment of sardine (Sardina pilchardus, Walb.) in the Adriatic Sea, with an estimate of discards* ALBERTO SANTOJANNI 1, NANDO CINGOLANI 1, ENRICO ARNERI 1, GEOFF KIRKWOOD 2, ANDREA BELARDINELLI 1, GIANFRANCO GIANNETTI 1, SABRINA COLELLA 1, FORTUNATA DONATO 1 and CATHERINE BARRY 3 1 ISMAR - CNR, Sezione Pesca Marittima, Largo Fiera della Pesca, 60125 Ancona, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Renewable Resources Assessment Group (RRAG), Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London, UK. 3 Marine Resources Assessment Group (MRAG), 27 Campden Street, London, UK. SUMMARY:Analytical stock assessment of sardine (Sardina pilchardus, Walb.) in the Adriatic Sea from 1975 to 1999 was performed taking into account the occurrence of discarding at sea of sardine caught by the Italian fleet. We have attempted to model the fishermen’s behaviour using data collected by an observer on board fishing vessels. This enabled us to estimate the amounts of discards, which were added to the catches landed, collected by ISMAR-CNR Ancona. Discards were calculated for the period 1987-1999, as their values were negligible before 1987. Stock assessment on the entire data series from 1975-1999 was carried out by means of Virtual Population Analysis (VPA). Discarding behaviour differs among ports due to different local customs and market conditions. The quantity added to the annual total catch ranged from 900 tonnes to 4000 tonnes, corre- sponding to between 2% and 15% of the total corrected catch. -
Fisheries Managementmanagement
ISSN 1020-5292 FAO TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES 4 Suppl. 2 Add.1 FISHERIESFISHERIES MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT These guidelines were produced as an addition to the FAO Technical Guidelines for 2. The ecosystem approach to fisheries Responsible Fisheries No. 4, Suppl. 2 entitled Fisheries management. The ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). Applying EAF in management requires the application of 2.1 Best practices in ecosystem modelling scientific methods and tools that go beyond the single-species approaches that have been the main sources of scientific advice. These guidelines have been developed to forfor informinginforming anan ecosystemecosystem approachapproach toto fisheriesfisheries assist users in the construction and application of ecosystem models for informing an EAF. It addresses all steps of the modelling process, encompassing scoping and specifying the model, implementation, evaluation and advice on how to present and use the outputs. The overall goal of the guidelines is to assist in ensuring that the best possible information and advice is generated from ecosystem models and used wisely in management. ISBN 978-92-5-105995-1 ISSN 1020-5292 9 7 8 9 2 5 1 0 5 9 9 5 1 TC/M/I0151E/1/05.08/1630 Cover illustration: Designed by Elda Longo. FAO TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSIBLE FISHERIES 4 Suppl. 2 Add 1 FISHERIES MANAGEMENT 2.2. TheThe ecosystemecosystem approachapproach toto fisheriesfisheries 2.12.1 BestBest practicespractices inin ecosystemecosystem modellingmodelling forfor informinginforming anan ecosystemecosystem approachapproach toto fisheriesfisheries FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2008 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Life History Strategies, Population Regulation, and Implications for Fisheries Management1
872 PERSPECTIVE / PERSPECTIVE Life history strategies, population regulation, and implications for fisheries management1 Kirk O. Winemiller Abstract: Life history theories attempt to explain the evolution of organism traits as adaptations to environmental vari- ation. A model involving three primary life history strategies (endpoints on a triangular surface) describes general pat- terns of variation more comprehensively than schemes that examine single traits or merely contrast fast versus slow life histories. It provides a general means to predict a priori the types of populations with high or low demographic resil- ience, production potential, and conformity to density-dependent regulation. Periodic (long-lived, high fecundity, high recruitment variation) and opportunistic (small, short-lived, high reproductive effort, high demographic resilience) strat- egies should conform poorly to models that assume density-dependent recruitment. Periodic-type species reveal greatest recruitment variation and compensatory reserve, but with poor conformity to stock–recruitment models. Equilibrium- type populations (low fecundity, large egg size, parental care) should conform better to assumptions of density- dependent recruitment, but have lower demographic resilience. The model’s predictions are explored relative to sustain- able harvest, endangered species conservation, supplemental stocking, and transferability of ecological indices. When detailed information is lacking, species ordination according to the triangular model provides qualitative -
A Fish in Water: Sustainable Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Management and International Law
COMMENT A FISH IN WATER: SUSTAINABLE CANADIAN ATLANTIC FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND INTERNATIONAL LAW ANDREW FAGENHOLZ* 1. INTRODUCTION The health and viability of the world's fisheries have declined dramatically over the past twenty years, and today most fisheries are too close to collapse.' Overexploitation of world fisheries has resulted from traditional international law that treated the oceans as a commons, or mare liberum,2 and their fish as susceptible to * J.D. Candidate, University of Pennsylvania Law School, 2004; B.A., Williams College, 1998. The author wishes to thank Professor Jason Johnston for teaching the course that inspired this paper, Professor Harry N. Scheiber for assistance, the members of this Journal, and R. Andrew Price. 1 See The State of the World Fisheries and Aquaculture: Part I - World Review of Fisheries and Aquaculture, U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization ("FAO") (2002) (designating global fisheries in 2002 as forty-seven percent fully exploited, eight- een percent overexploited, twenty-five percent moderately exploited or underex- ploited, ten percent depleted or recovering), available at http://www. fao.org/docrep/ 005/y7300e/y7300e04.htm (last visited Mar. 26, 2004). The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization has been called the "most authoritative statis- tical source on the subject" of global fisheries populations. Christopher J. Carr & Harry N. Scheiber, Dealing with a Resource Crisis: Regulatory Regimes for Managing the World's Marine Fisheries, 21 STAN. ENVTL. L.J. 45, 46 (2002). 2 HUGO GROTIUS, MARE LIBERUM (THE FREEDOM OF THE SEAS) 28 (James B. Scott ed., Ralph Van Deman Magoffin trans., 1916) (1633). In the seventeenth century it was generally thought that global fish resources were incapable of exhaustion by humankind. -
Models for an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries
ISSN 0429-9345 FAO FISHERIES 477 TECHNICAL PAPER 477 Models for an ecosystem approach to fisheries Models for an ecosystem approach to fisheries This report reviews the methods available for assessing the impacts of interactions between species and fisheries and their implications for marine fisheries management. A brief description of the various modelling approaches currently in existence is provided, highlighting in particular features of these models that have general relevance to the field of ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). The report concentrates on the currently available models representative of general types such as bionergetic models, predator-prey models and minimally realistic models. Short descriptions are given of model parameters, assumptions and data requirements. Some of the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of each of the approaches in addressing questions pertaining to EAF are discussed. The report concludes with some recommendations for moving forward in the development of multispecies and ecosystem models and for the prudent use of the currently available models as tools for provision of scientific information on fisheries in an ecosystem context. FAO Cover: Illustration by Elda Longo FAO FISHERIES Models for an ecosystem TECHNICAL PAPER approach to fisheries 477 by Éva E. Plagányi University of Cape Town South Africa FOOD AND AGRICULTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2007 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.