A Study of Creativity and Cultural Production in Contemporary Australian Children’S Picture Books
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True Stories About Tall Tales: A study of creativity and cultural production in contemporary Australian children’s picture books Chloe Killen BArts, BComn (Hons) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Communication & Media, School of Design, Communication and Information Technology, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, Australia. February 2016 Statement of Originality The thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to the final version of my thesis being made available worldwide when deposited in the University’s Digital Repository, subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Signed: ……………………………… Date: ……………………………… Name: Chloe Greentree Russell Killen Declarations I hereby declare that the work embodied in this thesis generated the following publications. Journal Articles Killen, C. (2011). ‘Investigating creativity in the Production of Australian Children’s Picture Books: A foundation for future research’ in Clifton Evers (Ed.), Altitude: An e-journal of the emerging humanities. Vol 9, 2011. ISSN 14444-1160. Killen, C. (2010). ‘Investigating Creativity in the Production of Australian Children’s Literature: Implications for Teaching and Learning’ in The International Journal of the Book. Vol 7, No 3, 2010. Champaign, Illinois, USA: Common Ground Publishing LLC. Conference Papers (Refereed) Killen, C. (2012). ‘Once upon a time: constructing narrative and the role of storytelling in the (digital) future of Australian children’s picture books’, in C. Anyanwu, K. Green, J. Sykes (Eds), Refereed Proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand Communication Association conference: Communicating Change and Changing Communication in the 21st Century, Adelaide, July 4-6. ISSN 1448-4331. Available at: http://www.anzca.net/past- conferences/past-conf-index.html Killen, C. (2012) ‘Perceptions of authenticity and the construction of cultural identity in the production of Australian children’s picture books.’ 16th Annual Conference of the Australasian Association of Writing Programs, Byron Bay 23-25 November 2011. Available at: http://aawp.org.au/files/Killen.pdf Killen, C. (2010). ‘Investigating Creativity in the Production of Australian Children’s Literature: Implications for Future Research’. In Kerry McCallum (Ed.), Media, Democracy and Change: Refereed Proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand Communications Association Annual Conference, Canberra, July 7-9. ISBN 987-1-74088-319-1. Available at: http://www.proceedings.anzca10.org Conference Papers (Unrefereed) Killen, C. (2012) ‘Creativity in Australian Children's Picture Books: Examining Authorial Agency Within the Structures of a Dual Audience.’ 2012 Biennial Congress of the Australasian Children’s Literature Association for Research (ACLAR), National Library of Australia, Canberra, Australia, 20 - 22 June 2012. Killen, C. (2011) ‘Fear and Safety in Australian children’s literature: exploring the relationship between tradition and innovation.’ The 20th Biennial Congress of the International Research Society for Children’s Literature, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, 4 - 8 July 2011. Killen, C. (2011). ‘Exploring the relationship between tradition and innovation in contemporary Australian children’s picture books’, DCIT 2011 Research Higher Degree Student Congress, University of Newcastle, NSW, 28 November 2011. Killen, C. (2010). ‘Creativity in the Production of Australian Children’s Literature: An overview of the Field’, DCIT 2010 Research Higher Degree Student Congress, University of Newcastle, NSW, 8 November 2010. Russell, C. (2009). ‘Investigating Creativity in the Production of Australian Children’s Literature: An overview of the Implications for Teaching and Learning’, DCIT 2009 Research Higher Degree Student Congress, University of Newcastle, 24 November 2009. Russell, C. (2008). ‘Investigating creativity in the production of Australian Children’s Literature: An Introduction’, DCIT 2008 Research Higher Degree Student Congress, University of Newcastle, NSW, 13 November 2008. Acknowledgements I extend my heartfelt appreciation to everyone who has supported me in the completion of this thesis. First and foremost thank you to all the interviewees who participated in this research, without their generosity and thoughtful openness this thesis would not exist. In particular, thank you to Kat Apel, Karen Collum, and Katrina Germein for bringing me into your confidence and sharing with me your time, knowledge, and continuous support. I would like to thank the University of Newcastle, the Faculty of Science and Information Technology, and the School of Design, Communication, and Information Technology for supporting this research. Particular thanks are given to the School’s academic and general staff who graciously gave their assistance whether administrative, technical, or academic. I am also very grateful for the opportunity to teach into courses relevant to my research and I will treasure those hours spent exploring ideas with and being challenged by enthusiastic students. To my supervisors, Associate Professor Phillip McIntyre and Dr Judith Sandner, thank you for your patience, positivity, and guidance throughout this lengthy process. In addition to her critical eye and impressive proofreading skills, Judith provided me with support, laughter, and an empathetic ear whenever I needed it. But it was Phillip who instigated a paradigm shift in my thinking and set me on this path all those years ago. As my teacher, mentor, and colleague, Phillip has repeatedly demonstrated his unfailing commitment to nurturing curiosity and sharing knowledge. I am incredibly grateful for his leadership and assistance, and I strive to follow his exemplary example in my own academic practice. To my former colleagues at the University of Newcastle, you have set a high standard for academic work and collegial support – I miss the many lunchroom chats we shared. In particular, I’d like to thank Dr Janet Fulton and Harry Criticos for their advice and camaraderie. It has been inspiring to see your wonderful projects develop. To my dear friend Dr Sarah Coffee, thank you for your unwavering friendship. I hold dear each and every phone call, supportive hug, and coconut cookie that we shared. I will forever be thankful that we walked this road together. Thank you to my family – Mum, Les, Dad, Carl, Ben, Alicia, Steven, and little Mya – and to my generous in-laws – Lori and Andrew Killen, as well as Bryce and Mandy – for all your love and support. Finally, words cannot adequately express the love and gratitude I feel for my husband, Heath Killen. You have been a life raft on the raging sea of this journey, helping me to remain focused while reminding me of life beyond. This thesis truly would not have been completed without your unfailing support, so I dedicate this project to you. Thank you. Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................ ii List of figures ............................................................................................. iv Abstract ....................................................................................................... v 1. Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 2. Methodology ........................................................................................ 12 3. Literature Review ................................................................................ 29 3.1. Communication and Media ................................................................................ 29 3.2. Literary Theory and Criticism in Children’s Literature ..................................... 35 3.2.1. Early approaches ..................................................................................................... 37 3.2.2. Authorial ................................................................................................................. 39 3.2.3. Text ......................................................................................................................... 46 3.2.4. Reader ..................................................................................................................... 54 3.2.5. Context .................................................................................................................... 60 3.2.6. Synthesis ................................................................................................................. 65 3.3. Creativity and Cultural Production .................................................................... 66 3.3.1. Myths about the Romantic Artist ............................................................................ 70 3.3.2. Biological Approaches: ........................................................................................... 73 3.3.3. Psychological Approaches ...................................................................................... 86 3.3.4. Shift from Structuralism to Poststructuralism ......................................................... 94 3.3.5. Culture ....................................................................................................................