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Strengthening Islamic Cultural Heritage of the Malays in Malaysia and Southern Thailand in the Post Global Society Farok Zakari

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Strengthening Islamic Cultural Heritage of the Malays in Malaysia and Southern Thailand in the Post Global Society Farok Zakari Strengthening Islamic Cultural Heritage of the Malays in Malaysia and Southern Thailand in the Post Global Society Farok Zakaria1 Abstract Malay and Islamic religion have existed long ago in the Malaysian soil, bringing about the Malay Islamic arts and culture. The Malay Islamic Arts and Culture have been the epitome of Malays in Malaysia. Recently, the wave of globalization has transformed some Malay Islamic Arts and Culture to be less significance in the daily life of a Malay Muslim. The role of Malay Islamic Arts and culture is slowly becoming alien to the heart of Malay Muslims. Many factors have contributed to the phenomenon of less popularity in the Malay Islamic Arts and Culture. The Malays themselves have embraced many western influences brought by the introduction of technologies and education. Adopting and practicing modern living with many constraints such as time, monetary and space have led many Malay Muslims to slowly forget their precious gem, the Malay Islamic Arts and Culture. This paper highlights the variety of Malay Islamic arts and culture practiced as rituals by Malay Muslims in Malaysia. It also discusses the factors contributing to the dying of these arts and culture as well as recommending some suggestions in curbing the ever disturbing scenarios of Malay Islamic Arts and Culture. Keywords: Malay Islamic heritage, Post Global, 1 Professor Dr., College of Islamic Studies, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus Strengthening Islamic Cultural Heritage of the Malays in Malaysia 84 and Southern Thailand in the Post Global Society 1. Introduction in Malaysia, the government needs to Malaysia is a Moslem country propagate the awareness and with vast cultural heritage especially understanding of the beauty of Islamic Islamic Heritage. Islamic way of life is Malay cultural heritage by the Malay in practice in every aspects of their life. Its Malaysia. The rich heritage of the Malay culture and arts are resemblance of should be relearn and practice although Islamic way of life be it in the form of the pressure of modernization is bugging rituals or artefacts. most Malays. However, due to the modern The fact that Malay and Islam is global influences, many of the Islamic synonymous wherever they might be still Malay cultural heritage has slowly loses hold water in Malaysia. Malays would its place in the society. Many Islamic never eat pork and always look for halal related Malay rituals and arts has shy meat as well as never forget the month of away due to the lack of understanding and Ramadan. What lingers in the mind of appreciation by the Moslem Malays of as every Moslem Malay in their living is well as the aging activists about Islam way of living such as halal Rituals such as Berzanji, food, praying time, fasting, Eid, Haj and Hadrah, preparing As-syura porridge and etc. As such, Islam way of life is still wedding ceremony is now fading away strong in the heart and belief of Malays and becoming alien to the Malays. The though they are feeling the prick of main factors that have contributed to the modern wave with all kind of influences declining popularity of these Malay such as internet, television, video games Islamic culture and arts are simply being and many more. the ignorance and less appreciative to those arts. 2. The Basic Islamic Teaching that hold As a strategy to revive the Malays to Islam practice of Malay Islamic art and culture Some basic teaching which Malays are still clinging strongly to are as follows; is held and practice dearly by most حبل) هللا(”a. In general, the concept of “Hablullah Malays in Malaysia. As what mentions by Allah in the Holy Quran: ("They have put under humiliation( by Allah)wherever they are overtaken, except for a covenant from Allah and a rope from the Muslims. And they have drawn upon themselves anger from Allah and have been put under destitution. That is because they disbelieved in the verses of Allah and killed the prophet Strengthening Islamic Cultural Heritage of the Malays in Malaysia and Southern Thailand in the Post Global Society 85 without right. This because they disobeyed and (habitually) transgressed”: Ali Imran, 3:112. ) The importance of relationship 3. What is Heritage both towards Allah and towards the Heritage in general is defined as human kind is the heart of all the Malay valuables that are passed from our Islamic culture and activities so as every ancestors to us ( new generation) which ritual will get the blessing from Allah as includes these elements: well keeping a harmonious relationship Culture with our neighbours and people within Artifacts our community. Norms b. With regards to the Malay Values art and cultures especially Malay Buildings Traditional performing arts, the Arts fundmental concept of of Islamic Customs Teaching adopted by Malays are as Nature- forest, flora, fauna, river, follows: sea and the environment i. Prophet Muhammad (peace be Wikipedia.com (retrieved on the 16th upon him) said: “Allah is beautiful and October 2007, classifies heritage as He loves beauty.” [Sahīh Muslim (911)] follows: Our faith in Allah’s beauty has • Cultural heritage. It includes triggered them to create those Malay arts, way of life, values, norms performances which are not against Allah etc words so as to make them closer to Allah • Natural heritage. It includes through certain rituals such as Nasyid, elements of environment such as Marhaban and many more. However, the flora, fauna, water, air and etc. degree of those practices should not be • Physical heritage. It includes against the teaching of Islam such as halal building and artifacts which can and haram doings as described below. be physically and visually ii. Imam Al Ghazali mentions that observed hukum for listening to songs and music is Harus and can change to become haram. Malaysian National Heritage Act Hence, it is permitted to practiced (2005) on the other hand defines heritage performing arts as long as it is not item as any National Heritage, Heritage betraying the Islamic teaching. However, site, Heritage object or Underwater in line with the Islamic teaching it is then Cultural Heritage as listed in the register not advisable for women to be involved in of the act. The Malaysian National the scene of songs and dances since their Heritage Act 2005 is an act to provide for voices and movements are bound to the conservation and preservation of seduce the listeners and viewers which national heritage, natural heritage, can lead to Haram. tangible and intangible cultural heritage, Therefore, In Malay Islamic Art underwater cultural heritage, treasure and culture, although the main aim is to trove and for related matters. It received trigger close relationship with Allah and royal assent on 30 December 2005 and the human kind, it is still bound to the was published in the gazette on 31 Halal and Haram judgement/ “hukum” December 2005. The National Heritage that have been prescribed and legalized Act came into effect on 1 March 2006. by Islamic Teaching. Strengthening Islamic Cultural Heritage of the Malays in Malaysia 86 and Southern Thailand in the Post Global Society Other classification of Heritage includes A. Nasyid Tangible and Intangible Heritage. Nasyid is normally a form of group singing comprising of minimum 4. Classification of Malay Traditional two members. In some rare cases, it can Performing Artse also be solo singing. Nasyid is Rahmah and Wan Abdul Kadir characterized as follows: (1997) classify arts by its category of Nasyid is similar to choir group work specification and product produced. in the western arts. Their classification is as listed below: Nasyid is the most popular form Music- traditional music of performing arts amongs Dances- court and folk dances Malay Moslem in Malaysia since Folk games- such as kite long ago, aimed at spreading flying dakwah on Islam. Folk songs- lullaby, poetry Many groups devoted reciting and others themselves to nasyid in Malay Theatre Malaysia, to name some popular Malay Martial arts groups are Rabbani, Raihan, Sofwan, In-Team, Hijjaz, and All the above mentioned Malay Brothers Performing Arts Heritage in many ways Most nasyid are performed by embed and contains some elements of male performer although there Islamic Religious values such as Mantras exist some female lead singer. that praise Allah the creator, prophet Female nasyid from Singapore Mohamad and other prophets. Malay which are well known in the music such as gambus and kompang seventies are Almizan and originates from the land of Arabia and its Aljawaher neighbours. Nasyid is used as a way of educating the community 5. A look into Malay Islamic towards Islam as well as an performing arts in Malaysia interesting approach for the There are varieties of Malay learning of religion. Islamic Performing arts practice in Malaysia. Many a times, these Malay B. Hadrah Islamic Performing arts spread sparsely to This is a popular dance in the even the Southern Thai. This is due to northern states of Perlis and Kedah. It the fact that the Malays are the most started in Arabia and was brought to dominant ethnic in Southern Thailand. Malaya via India. The dance is mainly Below are some types of Traditional performed by men. The unique and Malay Performing Arts which can be sometimes slightly disturbing feature of classified as Islamic, namely: this dance is some of the performers play Nasyid the role of women and it has become Hadrah associated with transvestite performers. Dikir Laba Perhaps the reason for using transvestites Dikir Barat is due to the fact that it is prohibited for Berzanji/ Marhaban women to dance in front of a public. Rebana Kercing Traditionally, this performance Detail descriptions of these arts are as is an ensemble of thirteen drums each of a follows: Strengthening Islamic Cultural Heritage of the Malays in Malaysia and Southern Thailand in the Post Global Society 87 different size and resonance provides the God progresses as follows, with upward music accompaniment.
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