DOCSLIB.ORG

Carbon Storage in Forests and Peatlands of Russia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

United States Department of Carbon Storage in Forests Agriculture Forest Service and Peatlands of Russia Northeastern Research Station General Technical Report NE-244 V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Abstract Contains information about carbon storage in the vegetation, soils, and peatlands of Russia. Estimates of carbon storage in forests are derived from statistical data from the 1988 national forest inventory of Russia and from other sources. Methods are presented for converting data on timber stock into phytomass of tree stands, and for estimating carbon storage in forest soils and peatlands in Russia’s administrative territories and natural ecoregions. Also included is information on the timber stock of Russia’s primary tree species and phytomass of forest vegetation, mortmass, and peat. Manuscript received for publication 13 September 1996 Published by: For additional copies: USDA FOREST SERVICE USDA Forest Service 5 RADNOR CORP CTR SUITE 200 Publications Distribution RADNOR PA 19087-4585 359 Main Road Delaware, OH 43015 April 1998 Fax: (614)368-0152 Visit our homepage at http://www.nena.org/NE_Home Contents Chapter 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Estimating Carbon Storage in Forest and Peatland Ecosystems Chapter 2. The Forest Resources of Russia ..................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Background 2.2. Forest Area and Growing Stock 2.3. Comments on the Published Database 2.4. Applying Statistical Data to Estimate Carbon Chapter 3. Classification of Forest Regions of Russia and Former U.S.S.R. Republics .................................. 12 3.1. Principles and Taxons of Forest Classification 3.2. Short Description of Bioclimatic Sectors and Forest Oblasts 3.3. Summary Chapter 4. Methods for Evaluating Phytomass and Carbon in Forest Communities ....................................... 24 4.1. Tree Stands 4.2. Understory and Other Vegetation 4.3. Phytomass of Krummholz and Shrub Communities 4.4. Coarse Woody Debris 4.5. Estimating Phytomass and Carbon Storage in Natural Ecoregions 4.6. Uncertainties and Errors Chapter 5. Estimating Phytomass and Carbon Storage in Vegegation of Unstocked and Nonforest Areas ....... 37 5.1. Unstocked Lands 5.2. Nonforest Lands Chapter 6. Storage and Territorial Distribution of Carbon in Vegetation of Russian Forests ............................ 38 6.1. Carbon in Vegetation of Forest Ecosystems 6.2. Geographic Distribution of Carbon Storage in Vegetation of Forest Ecosystems 6.3. Carbon Storage in Vegetation of Unstocked and Nonforest Areas Chapter 7. Soil Rockiness in Russian Forests ................................................................................................. 51 Chapter 8. Organic Carbon Storage in Soils of Russian Forests..................................................................... 54 8.1. Methodology for Estimating Carbon Storage in Soils 8.2. Territorial Distribution of Carbon Storage in Forest Soils of Natural Ecoregions 8.3. Carbon Storage in Forest Soils of Administrative Territories 8.4. Uncertainties and Errors Chapter 9. Biomass and Carbon of Forest Consumers ................................................................................... 65 9.1. Biomass and Carbon Content of Animals 9.2. Biomass and Carbon Content of Microorganisms in Forest Soils 9.3. Biomass and Carbon Content of Fungi Chapter 10. Carbon Storage in Peatland Ecosystems .................................................................................... 69 10.1. Methods for Estimating Storage of Phytomass, Peat, and Carbon 10.2. Carbon Storage in Peatlands of Administrative Territories and Ecoregions Chapter 11. Total Carbon Storage in Forests and Peatlands of Russia ........................................................... 77 11.1. Carbon Storage in Forest Fund Lands 11.2. Total Carbon Storage in Russian Forests and Peatlands Literature Cited ................................................................................................................................................ 82 Appendix ......................................................................................................................................................... 93 Tables Glossary CARBON STORAGE IN FORESTS AND PEATLANDS OF RUSSIA Edited by V.A. ALEXEYEV, V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences R.A. BIRDSEY, USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station Preface This report is the result of the joint Russian-American research project 23-817, Carbon Budget in Boreal Forests, sponsored by the V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the USDA Forest Service’s Global Change Research Program. This research was initiated to evaluate contemporary carbon storage in the forests of Russia and other countries of the Earth’s boreal belt, and to assess past and future dynamics of carbon. The initial research results in this report include detailed statistical estimates of carbon storage in the forests and peatlands of Russia. More extensive results were published by the editors in a 1994 monograph entitled “Carbon in Ecosystems of Forests and Peatlands of Russia” (in Russian). Ongoing research addresses past and future carbon dynamics. The authors thank the USDA Forest Service’s Northeastern Research Station, the Krasnoyarsk Science Foundation, and the Russian Fund of Fundamental Investigations (Project 96-04-48344) for the financial support that made this research possible. The forest- inventory database of Krasnoyarsk Kray and the Republic of Yakutia (Sakha) was made available with the help of A. P. Vitaliev, former head of the Krasnoyarsk Forestry Administration, and A. P. Isayev, senior researcher at the Institute of Biology (Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk Research Center). Assistance in the gathering of published data was provided V. D. Perevoznikova, E. A. Kaderov, T.K. Murina, A.V. Voloikitina, M.A. Sofronov, and L. V. Verevochkina. Preliminary artwork was supplied by I. A. Mikhailova. The authors also thank I. V. Semechkin, V.N. Gorbachev, O.G. Chertov, Daniel Kucera, John Hom, Tom Stone, and Elon Verry for their reviews of the manuscript, Rosemary Mullen for processing data in the tables, and Kelly O’Brian for supervising the translation of this report from Russian to English. Chapter 1. Introduction V. A. Alexeyev Increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and expected There are two methods for determining phytomass storage. climate changes have generated great interest in quantifying The first is to directly apply to regional calculations the content and dynamics of carbon in terrestrial and aquatic information about phytomass from research sample plots in ecosystems (Keeling et al. 1976; Woodwell and Houghton different biomes and their divisions. The National Forest 1977; Kobak 1988; Apps and Kurz 1993; Dixon et al. 1994). Inventories of Russia do not collect such data, so scientists Should the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere must rely on individual research or obtain this information double in the next 50 to 70 years, the average yearly from the literature. The first data on phytomass were temperature could rise by 3o to 5oC (Budyko 1972; Schneider published as part of the International Biological Program in 1990; Budyko et al. 1991). This warming would affect Russia in 1968-80. However, the number of sample plots was primarily the northern latitudes, with the strongest effects in insufficient for estimating carbon on a national or regional winter (Budyko et al. 1991). scale. Moreover, the data collected do not include important information on classifications such as forest age distribution, Climate warming to this extent could result in large-scale areas of burns, cuttings, and peatlands. global phenomena, for example, melting of polar ice and flooding of lowlands (Houghton and Woodwell 1989), more The second method for determining phytomass storage is to frequent fires, and droughts in many forest and agricultural combine two kinds of data in regional calculations: 1) statistical areas (Manabe and Wetherald 1987; Gleick 1988; Budyko et forest-inventory databases, and 2) databases for sample areas al. 1991). in different ecoregions of the country that include information on the fraction of stock of stand phytomass and lower layers of Because the vegetation of forests contains more than 75 the forest. In the first approach (Bazilevich 1993), data on percent of all carbon accumulated in the vegetation of sample-area phytomass are used as final parameters of terrestrial ecosystems (Olson et al. 1983), the role of forests productivity; in the second method, they are used to determine in global climate change is critical. Of particular interest to coefficients for converting the volume of timber stock researchers are the vast boreal forests of the Northern estimated by forest inventories to the stock of phytomass and Hemisphere. Models have been developed for expected carbon of forest ecosystems. transformations of boreal forests and their impact on changes in the carbon balance of forest ecosystems and the In 1993, we followed the second approach (Makarevskiy atmosphere (Apps and Kurz 1993; Emmanual et al. 1985; 1991; Birdsey 1990, 1992; and Kurz et al. 1992). Data from Bonan et al. 1992; Price and Apps 1993). For example, the statistical forest
Recommended publications
  • The Fluvial Geochemistry of the Rivers of Eastern Siberia: I. Tributaries Of

    The Fluvial Geochemistry of the Rivers of Eastern Siberia: I. Tributaries Of

    Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 62, No. 10, pp. 1657–1676, 1998 Copyright © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd Pergamon Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0016-7037/98 $19.00 1 .00 PII S0016-7037(98)00107-0 The fluvial geochemistry of the rivers of Eastern Siberia: I. Tributaries of the Lena River draining the sedimentary platform of the Siberian Craton 1, 1 2 1 YOUNGSOOK HUH, *MAI-YIN TSOI, ALEXANDR ZAITSEV, and JOHN M. EDMONd 1Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA 2Laboratory of Erosion and Fluvial Processes, Department of Geography, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia (Received June 11, 1997; accepted in revised form February 12, 1998) ABSTRACT—The response of continental weathering rates to changing climate and atmospheric PCO2 is of considerable importance both to the interpretation of the geological sedimentary record and to predictions of the effects of future anthropogenic influences. While comprehensive work on the controlling mechanisms of contemporary chemical and mechanical weathering has been carried out in the tropics and, to a lesser extent, in the strongly perturbed northern temperate latitudes, very little is known about the peri-glacial environments in the subarctic and arctic. Thus, the effects of climate, essentially temperature and runoff, on the rates of atmospheric CO2 consumption by weathering are not well quantified at this climatic extreme. To remedy this lack a comprehensive survey has been carried out of the geochemistry of the large rivers of Eastern Siberia, the Lena, Yana, Indigirka, Kolyma, Anadyr, and numerous lesser streams which drain a pristine, high-latitude region that has not experienced the pervasive effects of glaciation and subsequent anthropogenic impacts common to western Eurasia and North America.
  • Spatial Integration of Siberian Regional Markets

    Spatial Integration of Siberian Regional Markets

    Munich Personal RePEc Archive Spatial Integration of Siberian Regional Markets Gluschenko, Konstantin Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk State University 2 April 2018 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/85667/ MPRA Paper No. 85667, posted 02 Apr 2018 23:10 UTC Spatial Integration of Siberian Regional Markets Konstantin Gluschenko Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IEIE SB RAS), and Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk, Russia E-mail address: [email protected] This paper studies market integration of 13 regions constituting Siberia with one another and all other Russian regions. The law of one price serves as a criterion of market integration. The data analyzed are time series of the regional costs of a basket of basic foods (staples basket) over 2001–2015. Pairs of regional markets are divided into four groups: perfectly integrated, conditionally integrated, not integrated but tending towards integration (converging), and neither integrated nor converging. Nonlinear time series models with asymptotically decaying trends describe price convergence. Integration of Siberian regional markets is found to be fairly strong; they are integrated and converging with about 70% of country’s regions (including Siberian regions themselves). Keywords: market integration, law of one price; price convergence; nonlinear trend; Russian regions. JEL classification: C32, L81, P22, R15 Prepared for the Conference “Economy of Siberia under Global Challenges of the XXI Century” dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the IEIE SB RAS; Novosibirsk, Russia, June 18–20, 2018. 1. Introduction The national product market is considered as a system with elements being its spatial segments, regional markets.
  • Russia's Boreal Forests

    Russia's Boreal Forests

    Forest Area Key Facts & Carbon Emissions Russia’s Boreal Forests from Deforestation Forest location and brief description Russia is home to more than one-fifth of the world’s forest areas (approximately 763.5 million hectares). The Russian landscape is highly diverse, including polar deserts, arctic and sub-arctic tundra, boreal and semi-tundra larch forests, boreal and temperate coniferous forests, temperate broadleaf and mixed forests, forest-steppe and steppe (temperate grasslands, savannahs, and shrub-lands), semi-deserts and deserts. Russian boreal forests (known in Russia as the taiga) represent the largest forested region on Earth (approximately 12 million km2), larger than the Amazon. These forests have relatively few tree species, and are composed mainly of birch, pine, spruce, fir, with some deciduous species. Mixed in among the forests are bogs, fens, marshes, shallow lakes, rivers and wetlands, which hold vast amounts of water. They contain more than 55 per cent of the world’s conifers, and 11 per cent of the world’s biomass. Unique qualities of forest area Russia’s boreal region includes several important Global 200 ecoregions - a science-based global ranking of the Earth’s most biologically outstanding habitats. Among these is the Eastern-Siberian Taiga, which contains the largest expanse of untouched boreal forest in the world. Russia’s largest populations of brown bear, moose, wolf, red fox, reindeer, and wolverine can be found in this region. Bird species include: the Golden eagle, Black- billed capercaillie, Siberian Spruce grouse, Siberian accentor, Great gray owl, and Naumann’s thrush. Russia’s forests are also home to the Siberian tiger and Far Eastern leopard.
  • The Nordic Arboretum Expedition to South Korea 1976

    The Nordic Arboretum Expedition to South Korea 1976

    THE NORDIC ARBORETUM EXPEDITION TO SOUTH KOREA 1976 Max. E. Hagman Lars Feilberg Tomas Lagerström Jan Sanda HELSINKI 1978 "... I of the am painfully conscious demerits of this work, but believing that, on the whole, it reflects fairly faith fully the regions of which it treats, I venture to present it to the and to ask for it the same and lenient public? kindly critislsm with which my records of travel in the East and else where have hitherto been and that it received, may be accepted to make the as an honest attempt a contribution to sum of knowledge of Korea and its people and describe things as I saw them. .." Isabella L. Bishop, Korea and Her Neighbours, 1897. This report has bean prepared at the Department of Forest genetics, Forest Research Institute Unioninkatu 40 A, Helsinki, Finland THE NORDIC ARBORETUM EXPEDITION TO SOUTH KOREA 1976 Max. Hagman Lars Feilberg Tomas Lagerström Jan E. Sanda HELSINKI 1978 THE NORDIC ARBORETUM EXPEDITION TO SOUTH KOREA 1976 MAX, HAGMAN LARS FEILBERG TOMAS LAGERSTRÖM JAN E. SANDA Contents 2 Foreword and acknowledgements p. work in Denmark and Korea 7 Preparatory Finland, p. Itinerary and time table p. 9 Korean forestry and forestry research p. 15 Korean arboreta and vegetation research p. 19 22 Climate and ecology p. Collection localities p. 26 Material collected p. 70 and distribution of seeds and Handling plants p. 71 Suggestions for foorther activities p. 74 76 Bibliography p. Adresses of and institutions 80 persons p. Statement of accounts p. 82 Appendix:Maps and seed list p. 84 Front-cover: The Ose-am in B.
  • THE KAZAKH STEPPE Conserving the World's Largest Dry

    THE KAZAKH STEPPE Conserving the World's Largest Dry

    THE KAZAKH STEPPE Conserving the world’s largest dry steppe region Photo: Chris Magin, IUCN Saryarka is an internationally significant mosaic of steppe and wetlands The Dry Steppe Region The steppe grasslands of Eurasia were once among the most extensive in the world, stretching from eastern Romania, Moldova and Ukraine in eastern Europe (often referred to as the Pontic steppe) east through Kazakhstan and western Russia). Together, the Pontic and Kazakh steppes, often collectively referred to as the Pontian steppe, comprise about 24% of the world’s temperate grasslands. They eventually link to the vast grasslands of eastern Asia extending to Mongolia, China and Siberian Russia, together creating the largest complex of temperate grasslands on earth. The remaining extent and ecological condition of these grasslands varies considerably by region. Today in eastern Europe, for example, only 3–5 % remain in a natural or near natural state, with only 0.2% protected. In contrast, the eastward extension of these steppes into Kazakhstan reveals lower levels of disturbance, where as much as 36% remain in a semi-natural or natural state. Although current levels of protection in this region are also very low, the steppes of Kazakhstan have the potential to offer significant opportunities for increased conservation and protection. The Kazakh steppe, also known as the Kirghiz steppe, is itself one of the largest dry steppe regions on the planet, covering approximately 804,500 square kilometres and extending more than 2,200 kilometres from north of the Caspian Sea east to the Altai Mountains. These grasslands lie at the southern end of the Ural Mountains, the traditional dividing line between Europe and Asia.
  • COMMISSION DECISION of 21 December 2005 Amending for The

    COMMISSION DECISION of 21 December 2005 Amending for The

    L 340/70EN Official Journal of the European Union 23.12.2005 COMMISSION DECISION of 21 December 2005 amending for the second time Decision 2005/693/EC concerning certain protection measures in relation to avian influenza in Russia (notified under document number C(2005) 5563) (Text with EEA relevance) (2005/933/EC) THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, cessed parts of feathers from those regions of Russia listed in Annex I to that Decision. Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, (3) Outbreaks of avian influenza continue to occur in certain parts of Russia and it is therefore necessary to prolong the measures provided for in Decision 2005/693/EC. The Decision can however be reviewed before this date depending on information supplied by the competent Having regard to Council Directive 91/496/EEC of 15 July 1991 veterinary authorities of Russia. laying down the principles governing the organisation of veterinary checks on animals entering the Community from third countries and amending Directives 89/662/EEC, 90/425/EEC and 90/675/EEC (1), and in particular Article 18(7) thereof, (4) The outbreaks in the European part of Russia have all occurred in the central area and no outbreaks have occurred in the northern regions. It is therefore no longer necessary to continue the suspension of imports of unprocessed feathers and parts of feathers from the Having regard to Council Directive 97/78/EC of 18 December latter. 1997 laying down the principles governing the organisation of veterinary checks on products entering the Community from third countries (2), and in particular Article 22 (6) thereof, (5) Decision 2005/693/EC should therefore be amended accordingly.
  • Native Or Suitable Plants City of Mccall

    Native Or Suitable Plants City of Mccall

    Native or Suitable Plants City of McCall The following list of plants is presented to assist the developer, business owner, or homeowner in selecting plants for landscaping. The list is by no means complete, but is a recommended selection of plants which are either native or have been successfully introduced to our area. Successful landscaping, however, requires much more than just the selection of plants. Unless you have some experience, it is suggested than you employ the services of a trained or otherwise experienced landscaper, arborist, or forester. For best results it is recommended that careful consideration be made in purchasing the plants from the local nurseries (i.e. Cascade, McCall, and New Meadows). Plants brought in from the Treasure Valley may not survive our local weather conditions, microsites, and higher elevations. Timing can also be a serious consideration as the plants may have already broken dormancy and can be damaged by our late frosts. Appendix B SELECTED IDAHO NATIVE PLANTS SUITABLE FOR VALLEY COUNTY GROWING CONDITIONS Trees & Shrubs Acer circinatum (Vine Maple). Shrub or small tree 15-20' tall, Pacific Northwest native. Bright scarlet-orange fall foliage. Excellent ornamental. Alnus incana (Mountain Alder). A large shrub, useful for mid to high elevation riparian plantings. Good plant for stream bank shelter and stabilization. Nitrogen fixing root system. Alnus sinuata (Sitka Alder). A shrub, 6-1 5' tall. Grows well on moist slopes or stream banks. Excellent shrub for erosion control and riparian restoration. Nitrogen fixing root system. Amelanchier alnifolia (Serviceberry). One of the earlier shrubs to blossom out in the spring.
  • Programa Nacional Para La Aplicación De La Normativa Fitosanitaria

    Programa Nacional Para La Aplicación De La Normativa Fitosanitaria

    PROGRAMA NACIONAL PARA LA APLICACIÓN DE LA NORMATIVA FITOSANITARIA PLAN NACIONAL DE CONTINGENCIA DE Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetverikov SEPTIEMBRE 2020 SUMARIO DE MODIFICACIONES REVISIÓN FECHA DESCRIPCIÓN OBJETO DE LA REVISIÓN 30/09/2020 Documento base Plan Contingencia Dendrolimus sibiricus 2020 INDICE 1. Introducción y Objetivos 2. Definiciones 3. Marco legislativo, Organización y Estructura de mando 3.1 Marco legislativo 3.2 Marco legislativo, Organización y Estructura 4. Información sobre la enfermedad 4.1 Distribución de la plaga 4.2 Taxonomía 4.3 Daño 4.4 Plantas hospedantes 5. Métodos de identificación y diagnóstico 5.1 Detección de la plaga 5.2 Identificación y diagnóstico 6. Ejecución del Plan Nacional de Contingencia 6.1 Plan de Nacional Contingencia y los planes específicos de acción 6.2 Medidas cautelares a adoptar en caso de sospecha de la presencia de Dendrolimus sibiricus. 6.3 Medidas a adoptar en caso de confirmación de la presencia de Dendrolimus sibiricus. 6.4 Medidas de erradicación. 6.5 Medidas en caso de incumplimiento. 7. Comunicación, Documentación y Formación 7.1. Comunicación externa y campañas de divulgación/sensibilización. 7.2 Consulta a los grupos de interés 7.3. Comunicación interna y documentación 7.4. Pruebas y formación del personal 8. Evaluación y revisión 9. Referencias Anexo 1: PROTOCOLO DE PROSPECCIONES DE Dendrolimus sibiricus Anexo 2: PROGRAMA DE ERRADICACIÓN DE Dendrolimus sibiricus Página 1 de 27 Plan Contingencia Dendrolimus sibiricus 2020 1. Introducción y Objetivos En el presente documento se recogen las medidas que deben adoptarse contra Dendrolimus sibiricus, organismo nocivo regulado, con el objetivo de impedir su aparición, y en caso de que aparezca, actuar con rapidez y eficacia, determinar su distribución y aplicar medidas de erradicación.
  • A Captive Island Kaliningrad Between MOSCOW and the EU

    A Captive Island Kaliningrad Between MOSCOW and the EU

    41 A CAPTIVE ISLAND KAlInIngRAD bETWEEn MOSCOW AnD ThE EU Jadwiga Rogoża, Agata Wierzbowska-Miazga, Iwona Wiśniewska NUMBER 41 WARSAW JULY 2012 A CAPTIVE ISLAND KALININGRAD BETWEEN MOSCOW AND THE EU Jadwiga Rogoża, Agata Wierzbowska-Miazga, Iwona Wiśniewska © Copyright by Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia / Centre for Eastern Studies CONTENT EDITORS Adam Eberhardt, Marek Menkiszak EDITORS Katarzyna Kazimierska, Anna Łabuszewska TRANSLATION Ilona Duchnowicz CO-OPERATION Jim Todd GRAPHIC DESIGN PARA-BUCH CHARTS, MAP, PHOTOGRAPH ON COVER Wojciech Mańkowski DTP GroupMedia PuBLISHER Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia Centre for Eastern Studies ul. Koszykowa 6a, Warsaw, Poland Phone + 48 /22/ 525 80 00 Fax: + 48 /22/ 525 80 40 osw.waw.pl ISBN 978–83–62936–13–7 Contents KEY POINTS /5 INTRODUCTION /8 I. KALININGRAD OBLAST: A SUBJECT OR AN OBJECT OF THE F EDERATION? /9 1. THE AMBER ISLAND: Kaliningrad today /9 1.1. Kaliningrad in the legal, political and economic space of the Russian Federation /9 1.2. Current political situation /13 1.3. The current economic situation /17 1.4. The social situation /24 1.5. Characteristics of the Kaliningrad residents /27 1.6. The ecological situation /32 2. AN AREA UNDER SPECIAL SURVEILLANCE: Moscow’s policy towards the region /34 2.1. The policy of compensating for Kaliningrad’s location as an exclave /34 2.2. The policy of reinforcing social ties with the rest of Russia /43 2.3. The policy of restricted access for foreign partners to the region /45 2.4. The policy of controlling the region’s co-operation with other countries /47 3.
  • Stand Structure and Dynamics During a 16-Year Period in a Conifer-Hardwood Mixed Forest, Northern Japan

    Stand Structure and Dynamics During a 16-Year Period in a Conifer-Hardwood Mixed Forest, Northern Japan

    Takahashi et al. 1 Stand structure and dynamics during a 16-year period in a sub-boreal conifer-hardwood mixed forest, northern Japan Koichi Takahashia,1,*, Daisuke Mitsuishia, Shigeru Uemurab, Jun-Ichirou Suzukia,2, Toshihiko Haraa a: The Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan b: Forest Research Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Nayoro 096-0071, Japan Present address 1: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan 2: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan *: All correspondence to K. Takahashi at the above present address#1. Fax: +81.263.37.2560 E-mail: [email protected] This manuscript consists of 23-typed pages including figure legends, 3 tables and 6 figures. Takahashi et al. 2 Abstract The stand structure and regeneration dynamics of trees > 2.0 m in trunk height were studied during 1982–1998 in a 1-ha plot in a sub-boreal conifer-hardwood mixed forest, northern Japan, with a dense dwarf bamboo in the understory. Total density was low in 1982 (651 trees/ha), as compared with other forests in Japan. Quercus crispula was dominant in the upper canopy layer but their saplings were rare, while Acer mono, Acer japonicum and Abies sachalinensis were dominant in the sub-canopy and understory layers with many saplings. Mortality of each species was quite low during the census period (average 0.57%/yr), and there was no clear difference among the four species. The age structure of Quercus crispula was bell-shaped with a peak at ca.
  • A Documentation of the Jewish Heritage in Siberia

    A Documentation of the Jewish Heritage in Siberia

    Informationen der Bet Tfila – Forschungsstelle für jüdische Architektur in Europa bet-tfila.org/info Nr. 18 1+2/15 Fakultät 3, Technische Universität Braunschweig / Center for Jewish Art, Hebrew University of Jerusalem SPECIAL EDITION “Siberia” – SONDERAUSGABE „Sibirien“ “From Jerusalem to Birobidzhan” – A Documentation of the Jewish Heritage in Siberia In August 2015, the team of the Center for Jewish Art at the Hebrew University Erstmalig erscheint aus aktuellem Anlass of Jerusalem undertook a research expedition to Siberia. Over the course of 21 eine Sonderausgabe von bet tfila.org/info: Im days, the expedition spanned 6,000 km. Overall, the CJA team visited 16 sites August 2015 konnte sich das deutsch-israe- in Siberia and the Russian Far East: Tomsk, Mariinsk, Achinsk, Krasnoyarsk, lische Team des Center for Jewish Art und Kansk, Nizhneudinsk, Irkutsk, Babushkin (former Mysovsk), Kabansk, Ulan- der Bet Tfila – Forschungsstelle einen lange Ude (former Verkhneudinsk), Barguzin, Petrovsk Zabaikalskii (former Petrovskii gehegten Wunsch erfüllen und das jüdische Zavod), Chita, Khabarovsk, Birobidzhan, and Vladivostok. Erbe in Sibirien und im „Fernen Osten“ Russlands dokumentieren. In drei Wochen 16 synagogues and 4 collections of ritual objects were documented alongside a legten die fünf Wissenschaftler (Prof. Aliza survey of 11 Jewish cemeteries and numerous Jewish houses. The team consisted Cohen-Mushlin, Dr. Vladimir Levin, Dr. of Prof. Aliza Cohen-Mushlin, Dr. Vladimir Levin, Dr. Katrin Kessler (Bet Tfila, Katrin Keßler, Dr. Anna Berezin und Archi- Braunschweig), Dr. Anna Berezin, and architect Zoya Arshavsky. The expedi- tektin Zoya Arshavsky) auf ihrer Reise von tion was made possible with the generous donations of Mrs. Josephine Urban, Tomsk nach Vladivostok über 6.000 km zu- London, and an anonymous donor.
  • Second Report Submitted by the Russian Federation Pursuant to The

    Second Report Submitted by the Russian Federation Pursuant to The

    ACFC/SR/II(2005)003 SECOND REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25, PARAGRAPH 2 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES (Received on 26 April 2005) MINISTRY OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION REPORT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROVISIONS OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES Report of the Russian Federation on the progress of the second cycle of monitoring in accordance with Article 25 of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities MOSCOW, 2005 2 Table of contents PREAMBLE ..............................................................................................................................4 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................4 2. The legislation of the Russian Federation for the protection of national minorities rights5 3. Major lines of implementation of the law of the Russian Federation and the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities .............................................................15 3.1. National territorial subdivisions...................................................................................15 3.2 Public associations – national cultural autonomies and national public organizations17 3.3 National minorities in the system of federal government............................................18 3.4 Development of Ethnic Communities’ National