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Lord George Gordon's Conversion to Judaism

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Lord George Gordon's Conversion to Judaism LORD GEORGE GORDON'S CONVERSION TO JUDAISM. By ISRAEL SOLOMONS. (Paper read beforethe Jewish Historical Society ofEngland, June 2, 1913) Lord George Gordon was born on the 26th of December 1751, in was a son of Upper Grosvenor Street, London. He younger Cosmo George, thirdDuke of Gordon. King George II was his godfather. As a youth he spent much of his time in Scotland, where he may have imbibed the spirit of intolerance which he in after life exhibited towards Roman Catholicism. While still in petticoats he received a commission in the army as ensign. This system of place-giving, and the holding of sinecure offices through family influence,he attacked with the utmost severity when he arrived at manhood. He left the army and joined the navy; and at the age of eighteen we findhim cruising round theWest India Islands, as a midshipman under Lord Sandwich. It was at this time that his strong love for freedom first manifested itself, and he discussed with the Governor of Jamaica the cruel treatment of the negroes and the injustice was to of slavery in general. He keenly devoted his profession, and on March 23, 1772, he passed his examination for the office of lieu? tenant. He applied to Lord Sandwich for the command of a ship. The so an was not a presumptuous request of young officer refused, but was on he was decision delayed various pretexts. Gordon, seeing being trifledwith, resigned his commission and returned to Scotland. Politics now began to absorb his attention, and he decided to enter Parliament. He contested Inverness-shire against General Fraser of Lovat, the old member. Wearing Highland dress and speaking Gaelic, he canvassed the whole of the shire; and on occasion played on the 222 Jewish Historical Society of England is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve, and extend access to Transactions Jewish Historical Society of England ® www.jstor.org LORD GEORGE GORDON Appendix No. 22 LORD GEORGE GORDON^ CONVERSION TO JUDAISM. 223 bagpipe to soothe the savage breast of a dubious voter. The crowning feat of his election campaign was a magnificent ball, which was graced by the presence of fifteenlovely Highland lassies who had been brought alarmed in his yacht from the Isle of Skye. General Fraser became for the safety of his seat. Influence was brought to bear on Gordon by the Duke, his brother, and Lord Lovat, the father of his opponent, His candidature was withdrawn, and the seat of Ludgershall, Wiltshire, was purchased for him by his rival fromLord Melbourne. He entered Parliament in 1774, but attracted little notice. How? a to ever, after the lapse of couple of years, he began attack indiscrim? inately any Member of the Government or of the House whom he suspected of double dealing, injustice, or insincerity. Although patron? ised by Burke and Fox, yet he attached himself to no party; so that " were were the people accustomed to say that there three parties in country whilst he had a seat in Parliament, viz. the Ministry, the Opposition, and Lord George Gordon." The American War met with " his violent opposition, for he uniformly deprecated a system of blood, ' and compared his Majesty's Council to plague, pestilence, and starva? tion'" (RobertWatson, Life ofLord George Gordon, 1795, p. 9.) The war not being pursued with the success anticipated, the Government intimated to the leaders of the Catholics that they w7ere prepared to pass "An Act for relieving his Majesty's Subjects professing the Popish Religion, from certain Penalties and Disabilities imposed on them by an Act, made in the Eleventh and Twelfth years of the Reign * of King William the Third, entitled An Act for the furtherPreventing the Growth of Popery,'" provided that their co-religionistswould enter the army and navy to enable the Government to prosecute the war to a was successful issue. The suggestion enthusiastically accepted, and the Bill for the repeal passed theHouse without a single dissentient. Never? theless the measure greatly alarmed many people, and in anticipation of a like indulgence being granted to the Scotch Catholics, riots raged in in Edinburgh and Glasgow. Protestant societies sprang up various parts of the country, and Lord George Gordon, who was at the head of the malcontents in Scotland, was invited (December 1779) to become President of the United Protestant League. In Parliament he stronglyurged the repeal of the Act. He inter? viewed the King and called upon him to use his influence with the 224 LORD GEORGE GORDON'S CONVERSION TO JUDAISM. Cabinet, and warned him that in Scotland he was suspected of being a Papist, and that Roman Catholicism had banished the Stuart dynasty from the throne. Further audiences with the King and his Ministers proved, however, fruitless. The Protestant Association thereupon resolved to to present from all parts of the country a petition Parliament for an ran as the repeal of the Act, and advertisement follows: " Those of London and its environs who wish the Repeal of the late Popish Bill are desired to sign the Protestant Petition, which they may have access to at the President's House inWelbeck-Street, every day before four o'clock." (William Vincent, Narrative of the late Riots . and Disturbances with an account of the commitment of Lord George Gordon to the Tower, 1780, p. 13.) Before presenting the petition it was decided to hold a mass meeting on Friday, June 2, 1780, at 10 o'clock in the morning, in are St. George's Fields, Southwark. The numbers who attended variously estimated from forty to sixty thousand; many wearing blue cockades, " " and vociferating No Popery ! This remarkable sight was witnessed by a Jew named Nathan Henry, outside whose house in the Fields the meeting had been con? vened. ''How the gulf of time is bridged over may be deduced from the fact that he was the great-grandfather of the Rev. Morris Joseph, the senior minister of the Berkeley Street congregation. He it was who opened in Old Market Street the first synagogue on the Surrey side of the river. Previously Minyan had been held in theKing's Bench prison, were as it was frequently necessary to include any Jews who incarcerated for debt, to complete the required number obligatory forpublic service." {Jewish Chronicle, Oct. 13, 1905.) This immense concourse marched in four divisions to Parliament and filled the Lobbies. The crowTdwas roused to a pitch of great excitement by Lord George Gordon appearing at the top of the gallery stairs and reporting that the petition was likely to meet with failure. Having presented the petition, Gordon moved to have it taken into immediate consideration. After some debate the House voted that the matter be adjourned until the sixth. Exasperated by this result the people became noisy and insulting, ill-feelingmanifested itself inwanton were that destruction, and several Roman Catholic chapels destroyed very night. On the 6th of June, when the petition was to be con LORD GEORGE GORDON'S CONVERSION TO JUDAISM. 225 sidered, a violent crowd gathered round the Houses of Parliament. The some Commons adjourned after passing resolutions against the mob. was excess The result that the rioters proceeded from to excess; and in the evening they congregated outside Newgate, demanding the release of the was was prisoners. This refused by the governor. The prison attacked, set on fire, and three hundred malefactors released. The next day, the 7th, the King's Bench prison and the New Bridewell were destroyed and the prisoners released. The mob, recruited now by about 2000 were criminals, eager for plunder and riot. Langdale's distillery on now Holborn Hill, opposite Leather Lane, occupied by Buchanan's, the Scotch whisky distillers, was attacked and destroyed, resulting in frightful drink orgies. Men, women, and children were at one time seen on their knees, drinking the ardent spirit as it flowed down the kennel of the street inHolborn. The Bank of England was threatened; and on the 8th, twenty thousand troops were mustered and the riots quelled. Three hundred of the mob were killed, 192 convicted, and 25 executed. Among those upon whom the death penalty was inflicted (July 20th) was a Jew named Samuel at Solomons, residing Mr. Connor's. (Westminster Magazine, July 1780, p. 373.) An eye-witness of these executions, a correspondent signing himself J. N. in Notes and Queries (2nd series, " vi. 143), September 25, 1858, writes : One was said to be a Jew, and a man little incident respecting this has dwelt upon my memory. His next door neighbour on one side was crying out loudly from fear and the Jew a nudged him, as hint to show more fortitude, and he became silent." Mrs. Samuel Yates (nee Martha Abrahams, born February 1757, died 1840) was in her old age fond of relating to the late Professor D. W. Marks how she was stopped in the streets of London by the Gordon rioters in June 1780. She had travelled up fromDorsetshire to buy her trousseau for her approaching wedding, which took place on April 25, 1781. Her father, Moses Abrahams of to a Poole, took wife farmer's daughter named on Martha Haynes, who embraced Judaism her marriage. Sir Stuart M. Samuel, Bart., and his brother, the Postmaster-General, are among the notable descendants of this remarkable union. (The History and Genealogy of the Jewish Families of Yates and Samuel of Liverpool, edited by Lucien Wolf (London, 1901), p. 12.) Even after the disturbances had been quelled, so alarmed were the VOL. VII. P 226 LORD GEORGE GORDON'S CONVERSION TO JUDAISM. " of were peaceable elements the population, that not only their doors all scrawled with chalk, intimating that they were no Papists, and their windows decorated with blue flags or ribands, but the very Jews in Houndsditch and Duke's Place were so terrified that they followed the general example, and unintentionally gave an air of ridicule to what they ' understood in a very serious light by writing on their shutters, This house is a true Protestant.'" (William Vincent, p.
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