Facts and Fallacies Relative to Scottish Churches and Schools, 12 Tracts By
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Lately Published, price Is., MEMOIR OF THE LATE JAMES PILLANS, LL.D, PROFESSOR OF EOMAN LITERATURE, UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, INCLUDING A REVIEW OF HIS SERVICES IN THE CAUSE OF EDUCATION. By "FREE LANCE," AUTHOR OF " THE FUTURE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND ; " " MIDDLE CLASS EDUCATION ; " " UNIVERSITY EDUCATION ; " " FACTS AND FALLACIES RELATIVE TO SCOTTLSH CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS," ETC. EDINBURGH : MACLACHLAN & STEWART, 1869. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. "The ' Memoir' does not exceed fifty-six octavo pages ; but within these limits the author has condensed a vast amount of valuable information regarding the history of Pillans and some of his celebrated contemporaries on both sides of the Tweed. The style of this little work is always clear, accurate, and scholarly ; while the analysis, alike of personal character and of educational systems, shows great perspicacity of intellect and equity of judgment. Pillans is here vividly pourtrayed as Francis Horner's favourite playmate ; as one of Dr Alexander Adam's prize-boys ; as Dugald Stewart's devoted student and admirer ; as a resident tutor in Ayrshire, Northumberland, and Eton ; as rector of our Metropolitan Grammar School ; as our Metropolitan professor of Latin ; as a well-employed ' Edinburgh Reviewer ; ' as the champion of classical learning against the vulgar sciolism of Materialistic quacks ; as the advocate of national instruction; as the scholastic Nestor who taught and survived whole generations of pupils ; and, finally, as the cherished friend and constant correspondent of many, rank ing among the greatest Englishmen and foreigners of his time." — Edinburgh Courant. "The author has a ready and practised pen, and has set forth with vigour and accu racy the leading facts in Dr Pillans's life. The Professor's services to the cause of education, first as Rector of the High School, and afterwards as Professor of Humanity in the University of Edinburgh, were great. The principles for which he contended are now accepted as truisms by the scholastic world ; but none the \Sss do we owe gratitude to pioneers who, under many difficulties and much ill-disguised contempt, familiarised the public with sound educational ideas The general reader will find much to interest him in this Memoir, for Dr Pillans formed one of a society of men who made their mark on the time in which they lived ; and among these he was an honoured fellow-worker." — Scotsman. "The author, as an old pupil of Pillans, not only manifests a familiar acquaintance with his preceptor and a genial veneration for his memory, but also an intimate know ledge of the contemporary events and circumstances and individuals whose history is associated with the subject of the Memoir. He has thus been enabled to communicate much interesting information which will be new to many, and which will be found to be valuable and suggestive." — Edinburgh Daily Review. " The author has written on high-class education, and what should be its main con stituents, with remarkable vigour, comprehensiveness, and sagacity ; and now he places before the public the career and character of a distinguished high-class educationist in Scotland — for an In Memoriam over the close of his life and labours — the genial, graphic, yet discriminating celebration of his virtues as a man, his attainments as a scholar, and his manifold yet rare qualifications as a teacher, which the author offers in this little work. He may well be proud that he has given precise and brilliant expression to the justest and most generous of those admiring estimates of Pillans, which have been cherished by so many successive companies of pupils through more than half-a- century ; and that he has also exhibited a living image of the High School Rector and the University Professor to a generation that can never see or listen to Pillans." — Fife Herald. ' ' All the qualities of a good biography are here — enthusiasm, fidelity, and pith. The glow of geniality which breathes through the 'dialectician's ' reminiscences of a once eminent man makes quite charming the only contribution of facts yet made to the memory of one of the noblest of Romans." — Fifeshire Journal. PACTS AND FALLACIES KELATTVE TO SCOTTISH CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS: Cfo*Ifre Crarts for % Cinus, ADDRESSED TO THE HON. LORD ARDMILLAN, AND RIGHT HON. GEORGE YOUNG, M.P., Lord Advocate op Scotland. By "FREE LANCE," SOMETIME PRESIDENT OF THE EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY DIALECTIC SOCIETY ; AUTHOR OF "THE FUTURE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND;" "MEMOIR OF PROFESSOR FILLANS;" " MIDDLE CLASS EDUCATION ; " " UNIVERSITY EDUCATION," ETC. " Fingunt simul creduntque."— Tacitus. " There are more false facts current In the world, than false theories."— Dr Cullen. " Prove (teat) all things ; hold fast that which is good."— 1 Thess. v. 21. V EDINBURGH: MACLACHLAN & STEWART, 64 SOUTH BRX booksellers to the university. GLASGOW : THOMAS MURRAY AND SON. LONDON : SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, AND CO. MDCCCLXXT. //o fa. S2* PREFACE. The following twelve Tracts on "Scottish Churches and Schools," though intended as a sequel to " The Future Church of Scot land," are not borrowed from that Essay, with the exception of a very few paragraphs. Each of the Tracte is complete in itself, though all are meant to prove and illustrate the desir ableness of a definite and practical proposal. Since the pub lication of my former Essay, I have received numerous com munications from gentlemen of the highest distinction in ecclesiastical, political, academical, and literary circles, most of whom have expressed their general approval of its senti ments, whilst all have admitted the impartial accuracy of its narrative. For some kind corrections of minor local inaccu racies I must express my obligations to the Right Rev. Bishop Wordsworth, of Saint Andrews; to the Rev. Dr Macfarlane, London ; to the Rev. Dr Taylor, Busby ; to the Rev. Dr Gibson, the Rev. John Isdale, Mr Alexander Birrell, and Mr John Knox, Glasgow ; to the Rev. Dr Begg, the Rev. Andrew Gardiner, M.A., Mr Joseph Grant, W.S., Mr J. Dundas Grant, advocate, and the late Mr John Carmichael, M.A, Edinburgh; and to the late Rev. William Robertson, Aboyne. I have to inform the reader that I have discussed at con siderable length the relations of Scottish Churches and Schools, vi PREFACE. because in Scotland they have been always closely connected, and because recent Ecclesiastical dissensions have greatly tended to dislocate and degrade National Education. Further, I must remind him that these Tracts are written by a Scotsman for Scotsmen. It was once the boast of Scotland, that in point of intelligence, morality, industry, and order, she so greatly surpassed countries greatly her superior in soil, climate, wealth, and geographical position. If I am not mistaken, I have indicated the mode by which she may retain or recover her proud pre.eminence. The School and the Church are like the two Grecian rivers celebrated in the ancient legend, and by our own poet Milton, — ' ' That renowned flood, so often sung, Divine Alpheus, who by secret sluice, Stole under seas to meet his Arethuse." University of Edinbubgh, April 1871. CONTENTS. TKACT FIRST. page Introduction, ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 TKACT SECOND. Endowments, ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 8 TRACT THIRD. Claim of Spiritual Independence, ... ... ... ... ... 20 TRACT FOURTH. Origin and Progress of Scottish Voluntaryism, ... ... ... 27 TRACT FIFTH. Phases and Defects of Voluntaryism, ... ... ... ... 48 TRACT SIXTH. Churches and Morals in Glasgow, ... ... ... ... 72 TRACT SEVENTH. Conflicting Theories of Morals, ... ... ... ... ... 85 TRACT EIGHTH. Prospects of the Church of Scotland, ... ... ... ... 99 TRACT NINTH. Tendencies in Old Greyfriars' Church, ... ... ... ... 112 TRACT TENTH. Causes of Disunion in the Free Church, ... ... ... 129 TRACT ELEVENTH. Position of the United Presbyterians, ... ... ... ... 141 TRACT TWELFTH. Scottish National Education, ... ... ... ... ... 154 ERRATA. Page 12, line 14, for Ellis, read Ellioe. i. 51, line 9, for aborrence, read abhorrence, n 75, line 13, for sixty, read fifty.two. ■ 76, line 28, for Millin, read Milton. ► 127, line 26, for loud, read low. A FACTS AND FALLACIES EELATIVE TO SCOTTISH CHURCHES AND SCHOOLS. TEACT FIEST. " The Future Church of Scotland " — Public Interest excited — Opinions of the Press — "Facts and Fallacies" — Force of Prejudices — State of the Presby terian Churches — Lord Ardmillan's Advocacy of Presbyterian Union — His Connection with Edinburgh — Political and Ecclesiastical questions — Robert Burns, and Ayrshire — Fifeshire — Eminence of its sons in Science, Art, Philo- sophyi Literature, and Jurisprudence — Its pre-eminence in Ecclesiastical Transactions. Exactly twelve months ago, I published a volume entitled " The Future Church of Scotland, in Relation to Religion, Education, and Social Progress : An Essay in Favour of a National Presbyterian Church, on the Basis of Toleration, Economy, and Utility." In the Preface to that book I hazarded the conjecture that my " suggestions would arrest the atten tion of hundreds whose freedom from bias and clerical dictation amply qualified them for grappling with a subject of this nature." In that expectation I have not been disappointed. Nothing in literary experiment or ecclesiastical controversy has excited in my mind greater surprise than the very favourable reception which my work obtained. The explanation is to be B 2 FACTS AND FALLACIES. sought, not in its intrinsic merits, but in the interest awakened by the subject, and in the real advantage proposed to be gained by the reconstruction of the National Church of Scotland on the principles of John Knox, and Andrew Melville, and Thomas Chalmers, as preferable to a partial union based on compromises of questionable expediency. It would be idle affectation to pretend that I have not been gratified by the encomiums of the Scottish press, including the most respectable journals of every shade of politics between Maidenkirk and John o' Groats, as well as of some London journals of high character and extensive circulation. What I prize most in these reviews has been the strong testimony borne to the rigid accuracy of my historical narrative, and to my diligence in the collection of relevant facts.