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A Complete 2020 Census Count in New York State

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A Complete 2020 Census Count in New York State A ROADMAP TO ACHIEVING A COMPLETE 2020 CENSUS COUNT IN NEW YORK STATE 2020 A ROADMAP TO ACHIEVING A COMPLETE 2020 CENSUS COUNT IN NEW YORK STATE CENSUS FINAL REPORT NEW YORK STATE COMPLETE COUNT COMMISSION OCTOBER 2019 1 A ROADMAP TO ACHIEVING A COMPLETE 2020 CENSUS COUNT IN NEW YORK STATE 2020 CENSUS 2 A ROADMAP TO ACHIEVING A COMPLETE 2020 CENSUS COUNT IN NEW YORK STATE A ROADMAP TO ACHIEVING A COMPLETE 2020 CENSUS COUNT IN NEW YORK STATE FINAL REPORT NEW YORK STATE COMPLETE COUNT COMMISSION CENSUS OCTOBER 2019 i A ROADMAP TO ACHIEVING A COMPLETE 2020 CENSUS COUNT IN NEW YORK STATE 2020 CONTENTS Contents ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... ii Letter from NYS Complete Count Co-Chairs .............................................................................................................................1 Members of the Commission ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Risks to a Complete 2020 Census Count ..................................................................................................................................7 Language Access Barriers .............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Shifting to an Online Count and the Digital Divide .......................................................................................................10 The Census Bureau’s Inability to Hire an Adequate Number of Individuals for Critical Census-Taking Jobs .........................................................................................................................................................13 The Continued Undercounting of Many Communities and Groups, Particularly Children Under the Age of 5 .............................................................................................................................................................................14 Mistrust in Communities of Immigrants and Communities of Color, Especially in the Shadow of the Citizenship Question Controversy .............................................................................................................................16 Data Protection and Fraud Concerns with a Digital Census ................................................................................ 24 Missing Addresses Create Census Omissions .............................................................................................................. 26 A Federal Government Asleep at the Wheel .................................................................................................................. 26 Commission Recommendations: A Roadmap of Achieving a Complete Count in New York State ............29 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 54 Appendices ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 56 Appendix A: How the 2020 Census is Taken .......................................................................................................................57 Appendix B: Regional Undercount Risks Analysis ............................................................................................................ 58 ii A ROADMAP TO ACHIEVING A COMPLETE 2020 CENSUS COUNT IN NEW YORK STATE CENSUS Capital Region ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 60 Central New York ............................................................................................................................................................................... 63 Finger Lakes ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 66 Long Island............................................................................................................................................................................................. 69 Mid-Hudson ............................................................................................................................................................................................72 Mohawk Valley .....................................................................................................................................................................................75 North Country .......................................................................................................................................................................................78 New York City .........................................................................................................................................................................................81 Southern Tier .........................................................................................................................................................................................84 Western New York .............................................................................................................................................................................87 Appendix C: New York State’s Hard-to-Count Population, by County ................................................................. 90 Appendix D: Known Complete Count Committees, Statewide ..................................................................................91 Appendix E: Languages Spoken in New York Without 2020 Census Support, by Number of Speakers who Speak English Less Than “Very Well” .................................................................... 96 Appendix F: Map of Self-Response and Update/Leave Areas ................................................................................. 98 Appendix G: Description of New York State LUCA Efforts .......................................................................................... 99 Remaining Opportunities to Ensure an Accurate Address Frame ....................................................................101 Appendix H: Summary of New York State Complete Count Commission Hearings and Roundtables .....103 Appendix I: Commissioner Bios ...................................................................................................................................................104 Endnotes.......................................................................................................................................................................................................110 iii iv A ROADMAP TO ACHIEVING A COMPLETE 2020 CENSUS COUNT IN NEW YORK STATE LETTER FROM NYS COMPLETE COUNT CO-CHAIRS October 2019 Governor Cuomo, Leader Stewart-Cousins, and Speaker Heastie and the entire New York State Legislature: Completing the census every ten years is an important constitutional responsibility. Although every census has had issues with respect to accuracy—in fact, George Washington lamented of an undercount in the nation’s first census in 1790—we are facing unprecedented challenges because of dramatic changes to the process and the deleterious actions of the federal administration that are impacting New York State’s ability to conduct a complete count. There is a tremendous amount at stake for New York. First, we are at risk of losing congressional representation. Second, given many federal programs rely on census data, an undercount will result in reduced federal dollars. New York taxpayers already send $35 billion more in taxes to the federal government than the State receives in federal funding. An undercount will further exacerbate that injustice. Therefore, the members of the NYS Complete Count Commission and its staff have worked hard to prepare a blueprint to achieve a complete and accurate count in New York State. Over the past seven months, the Commission has held a series of 12 public hearings and roundtables across the state. Through these events, the Commission has heard testimony from the Census Bureau, State and local public officials, key stakeholders, and other 2020 Census experts who gave more than 50 presentations before the Commission. Additionally, more than 100 members of the public and organizations testified before the Commission. The Commission also received written comments at the public sessions that supplemented oral testimony. When combined, the Commission has listened to more than 20 hours of testimony and presentations regarding the 2020 Census. We are impressed with the ardor and commitment of those who have participated in its sessions. The testimony—both verbal and written—has been virtually unanimous that there must be a full count in New York State
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