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Dossier De Presse Tapisserie EN The Bayeux Tapestry Museum Press kit Press contacts Magali Bignon, Jean-François Leloup and Séline Duval Tel: +33 (0)2 31 51 60 47 Email: [email protected] 2011 edition 1 The Bayeux Tapestry Contents The Bayeux Tapestry, A thousand year old tale 3 A masterpiece of aesthetism 4 A historic masterpiece 5 The epic of William the Conqueror 6 An eventful journey through history 7 An inexhaustible source for researchers 8 Recognition of the Bayeux Tapestry The Bayeux Tapestry listed “Memory of the World” by UNESCO 9 International partnerships 10 The museum: showcase of the Tapestry Visiting the museum 11 The Tapestry told for children 12 All year round events at the museum 13 Museum services 14 Practical information 15 The museum in action The Bayeux Tapestry Museum in figures 16 A museum shop with a difference 17 Tourism Bayeux, home of the Tapestry 18 Around Bayeux: theme routes 19 Contacts 20 2 The Bayeux Tapestry The Bayeux Tapestry Unique artefact of its kind, the Bayeux Tapestry is an embroidery of wool yarn on woven linen, made in the 11th Century. It is 70 metres long and 50 centimetres high, and recounts the tale of the conquest of England on 14th October 1066, led by William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy. Remarkably well preserved, the Bayeux Tapestry features on UNESCO's “Memory of the World” Register, thus ensuring its conservation and its registration as an artefact of universal value. Saved many times from destruction through the course of history, the ' Cloth of the Conquest ' (its other name) continues to reveal its secrets today. The Tapestry has been displayed at the Bayeux Tapestry Museum since 1983, a public museum housed in Centre Guillaume le Conquérant (formerly the Grand Séminaire). In recent years, a new impetus was given to the Bayeux Tapestry Museum, spurred on by Patrick Gomont, Mayor of Bayeux, and his deputy Loïc Jamin, Head of Tourism and Museums. An unprecedented modernisation campaign was undertaken: this included new museography, a new film, a new website, an on-line store, renovations to the cinema, new signposting, the refurbishment of the reception area and the organisation of international exhibitions. With close to 400,000 visitors every year, the Bayeux Tapestry attracts people from all over the world and is still the subject of many scientific research projects. A visit to the museum allows members of the public to see the Tapestry in its entirety, to get up close without damaging it, and to understand its history, and how it was made. From 31st March to 30th December 2011, part of the museum space will be devoted to the exceptional exhibition “Emakimono and the Bayeux Tapestry – Animated Cartoons from the Middle Ages”, officially recognised as being of national interest by the French Ministry of Culture and Communication. (Press kit available on request). Press contacts Magali Bignon, Jean-François Leloup and Séline Duval Tel: +33 (0)2 31 51 60 47 Email: [email protected] 3 The Bayeux Tapestry The Embroidery Key markers A masterpiece of aesthetism 58 scenes in total. 25 scenes in France. 33 scenes in England, This colourful embroidery, of simple yet very including 10 scenes depicting expressive lines, possesses an aesthetic value the Battle of Hastings. unique in the world. The relief, suggested by the colours and the juxtaposition of different The cloth embroidery stitches, brings the story to life. Length: 68.58 m. Width: approx. 50 cm. The Bayeux Tapestry is a long band of linen Central section: approx. 34 cm. embroidered with 10 shades of yarn, blended together Two friezes: approx. 8 cm each. to form a lively, harmonious piece and to create an 9 pieces of fabric sewn impression of perspective. together. The art of Bayeux needlework is still practised today The largest piece of fabric and the Bayeux Tapestry continues to inspire people. measures 13.90 m. The smallest piece measures The embroidery is made up of several parts: 2.43 m. 10 shades of yarn. The central panel, the longest section, tells the story of the conquest of England. It contains comments The characters embroidered in Latin, which give indications of the 626 characters depicted. events and the people depicted. 53 names embroidered, of which 15 are mentioned several The upper and lower friezes are embroidered with times. various animals, including cocks, peacocks, lions, bears, rams and stags. The places The friezes are animated with isolated characters, 37 buildings. scenes of everyday life and depictions of Aesop's and 14 places in France and Phèdre's fables ( The Fox and the Crow , The Wolf and England. the Crane and others). The armies The stitches used in the embroidery: 41 ships. 202 horses and mules. 200 coats of mail. Stem stitches are used to create the lines and outlines. Mythological animals The couching stitch or "Bayeux stitch" is employed to fill Amphisbaenae in the coloured areas, outlined with a stem stitch and (reptiles with two heads, one of performed in three stages. which is attached to the tail). Manticores The chain stitch was often used in successive (lions with human heads). restoration works. Female centaurs. Winged horses. The fabric: Griffins and winged lions. Dragons. The fabric, woven in the 11th Century, is made from linen. The nine panels that form the Tapestry were sewn together before the embroidery was started. A lining was sewn onto the back in 1724. The scenes were numbered much later, almost certainly in the 18th Century. 4 Chronology The Bayeux Tapestry 1077: The Bayeux Cathedral was formally consecrated. A historic masterpiece The Tapestry was probably commissioned by Odon, Bishop of Bayeux, to decorate the monument. The Bayeux Tapestry is a Romanesque masterpiece from the 11th Century; it was most 1476: The Tapestry was probably commissioned by Bishop Odon, William mentioned in the Inventory of the Conqueror's half-brother, to decorate the the Cathedral Treasures. cathedral during its consecration, on 14th July 1077. It relates the events of the conquest of 1728: A canon described the England led by the Duke of Normandy, who custom of hanging the Tapestry defeated the English at the Battle of Hastings in once a year in the nave, from 1066. St. John's Day to the eve of the consecration, on 14th July. The tale commences in 1064, when the king of England, Edward the Confessor, asked Harold, his brother-in-law, 1794: The Arts Council for the to journey to Normandy to offer his distant cousin district of Bayeux seized the William the throne of England. Tapestry to protect it as a national treasure. Whilst sailing across the Channel, Harold’s boat drifted east. He landed in the inhospitable region of Picardie, 1804: Napoleon Bonaparte ruled by Count Guy de Ponthieu, and was taken displayed the Tapestry at the prisoner. The Duke of Normandy negotiated Harold's Louvre then returned it to release in exchange for a ransom. Bayeux. William and Harold joined forces to fight against the Count of Brittany. Harold, praised for his bravery, was 1812: The Tapestry was on public display in Bayeux town knighted by William. hall until 1842. After conveying the King’s message, Harold swore fealty The caretaker unrolled it by to William, on the sacred relics of Bayeux Cathedral. He hand before each visit. then returned to England to talk to King Edward. 1842: The Tapestry was When Edward died, Harold betrayed his oath and exhibited under glass at the accepted the throne. On 6th January 1066, Harold was library on the Place du château crowned king of England in the place of William. - now known as Place de On learning the news, William decided to go and take Gaulle. what was rightfully his. His fleet crossed the Channel on the night of 28th September. William and his army took 1913: The Tapestry was moved up position in Hastings and waited for Harold and his to Hôtel du Doyen in Bayeux. troops. 1944: The Tapestry was stored On the morning of 14th October 1066, the battle away in Sourches, then at the commenced and the Normans were victorious. Harold Louvre after being inspected in died at the end of the day, shot in the eye by an arrow. Bayeux by German scientists. The tale told in the Tapestry ends with the defeat of the 1945: The Tapestry was Saxon troops. William was crowned King of England in returned to Bayeux and was December 1066 at Westminster Abbey in London. then displayed at Hôtel du Doyen from 1948. The Tapestry is not simply the narration of a military operation; it is also a spiritual relic that Since 1983: The Tapestry has describes how the breach of an oath is punished. been exhibited in the “Centre Guillaume le Conquérant” (the old seminary), next to the library, where it remains today. 5 The Bayeux Tapestry Chronology 1027: William was born in The epic of William the Conqueror Falaise, Calvados. 1035: He was named Duke of The hero of the tale is William, seventh Duke of Normandy at the age of 8. Normandy. Once crowned King of England, he became one of western Europe's most powerful 1047: Victory over the rebel monarchs of the Middle Ages. Norman barons at the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes. Born out of wedlock in Falaise in 1027, he was the son of Robert the Magnificent, Duke of Normandy, and 1050: William wedded Matilda Herlette, a tanner's daughter. His illegitimacy earned of Flanders, a distant cousin. him the nickname “William the Bastard”. 1059: With Matilda, he built the Abbaye aux Hommes and In 1035, aged just 8, he succeeded his father, who died the Abbaye aux Dames in Caen.
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