Pilbara Asset Register_Asset descriptions Asset Current Asset name Description Community and Social values Environmental values Economic values Threats Other number condition Desktop 10 Rocklea Dome Geological formation Geological Mining Mining Iconic fish species belonging to the Iconic fish species of north Desktop 11 Barramundi Good Fishing and recreation Fishing Fishing and predators perch family Western Australia Desktop 18 Lowendal Islands Nature Reserve Islands, nature reserve Marine animals, flora and fauna Mining (oil and gas) Mining (oil and gas)

Rare and endemic flora and fauna species. Breeding, feeding, Desktop 23 Barrow Island Group Nature Reserve Islands, nature reserve Mining (oil and gas) Mining (oil and gas), feral animals resting, refugia, aggregating area for marine animals and birds. Water source, supports flora and Desktop 4 De Grey River River Fishing, recreational, tourism Fishing and tourism Cattle, fishing, tourism, rubbish fauna Mountain range with many extensively Culturally significant, tourism and National Park, geological, water Mining (iron ore), tourism, Desktop 5 Hamersley Range Good Mining (iron ore), tourism eroded gorges recreation source, flora and fauna rubbish, feral animals, cattle, fire Unique rock formation and the most Erosion (natural), mining, Desktop 6 Burrup Peninsula prolific collection of Aboriginal rock art Good Culturally very significant Geological, flora and fauna Mining, port, industrial, tourism industry, port, tourism in Australia Culturally significant, tourism and Geological, water source, flora Desktop 7 Millstream Chichester National Park National park, gorges and rock pools Good Tourism and recreational Tourism, rubbish, feral animals recreational and fauna Significant invertebrate diversity, Weeds, feral animals, pastoral high degree of species endemism, Desktop 8 Fortescue Marsh - Floodplain Floodplain Pastoral and mining activities and cattle, mining, provides a habitat and refuge for altered fire regimes native flora and fauna

Culturally significant, tourism, National Park, geological, water Mining (iron ore), tourism, Desktop 9 Karijini National Park National park, gorges and rock pools Good Mining (iron ore), tourism recreation source, flora and fauna rubbish, feral animals, cattle, fire

Unique habitat in Pilbara contains White sandy dunes are a very Camping, fishing trail bikes, 4WD. Lerista (skink) which is only found Varied - Mining (sand), tourism, natural restricted habitat type in the White sandy dunes with sparse Often containing significant in that habitat; coastline Coastal development, feral KA002 White sandy dunes (on soils dataset) degraded to erosion protection for Karratha Pilbara. They form significant vegetation heritage sites (e.g. middens, protection/stability (essential for animals, weeds, mining good community and pastoral area habitat islands for restricted stone tools) cyclonic event); supports priority range species. grassland community KA003 Rock art - Burrup Peninsula Indigenous Rock art Very good Culturally significant NA (cultural values) Some potential tourism Industry, vandalism "Islands" for species which are Uncontrolled access, unmanaged under significant pressure on Pilbara offshore islands (excluding Recreational use, high density of tourism, feral animals, weeds, KA004 Islands Generally good mainland. Also includes unique Tourism Barrow Island) heritage sites mining (Barrow Island), sea level species and habitat. Important rise for shorebirds/seabirds

Low lying islands; diverse range Currently part of the Marine and conservation park. Island Resource industries (gas, oil, Mining, pearl leases, tourism, Recreational, tourism, fishing, of habitats, flora and fauna; Montebello and Barrow KA005 Montebello Islands group, low lying, shallow coral reef, Good ports, commercial fishing, fire, introduced pests, oil spill, diving, camping, charter vessels birds, turtles, bilbies, dugongs, Islands Marine Parks. white dunes recreational fishing), tourism pollution whales, coral, fish Historical - site of Atomic bomb testing. Under represented/not Grazing (domestic and feral represented in the pastoral production (grazing), animals), fire, weeds, KA006 Roebourne Plains Native grasslands. Unique vegetation Fair to good Comprehensive and Adequate carbon storage development (eg. Maitland Reserve (CAR) system Industrial Estate) Excellent but Very high value to indigenous Tourism (increased visitation), Rock art - various locations, KA008 Indigenous rock art on various geology trend is to people, tourist value, Australian Spiritual values Tourism, ecotourism vandalism, emissions from excluding Burrup Peninsula decline heritage value industry Asset Current Asset name Description Community and Social values Environmental values Economic values Threats Other number condition

Nickol Bay Nickol Bay Remnant Dune: Remnant Dune Indigenous people collect nardoo behind remnant dune on Ephemeral wetlands behind Nickol wetland - good Rarely found sedges and other Ephemeral Wetlands, wet after rains from Nickol Bay Remnant Dune Human impacts (off road bikes, Nickol Bay, in an unusual KA010 Bay remnant dune and Burrup but becoming species, Burrup wetland contains for up to four months wetland (food source), 4wd 4WDs), weeds place for a wetland. Burrup: Peninsula degraded. priority species racing track highly unusual location for a Burrup wetland wetland. - pristine

Weeds, sand mining, unmanaged KA011 Maitland River Riparian zone Good Recreation, fishing Ecological community Pastoral production access Pastoral land on Mardie and Pastoral land under threat from the Degraded to KA012 Biodiversity Pastoral production Weeds (mesquite) Yarraloola stations invasive weed Mesquite fair Near shore rocky island, providing Port Development (Maitland Very high density of heritage Endangered species, Mangrove KA013 West Mid Intercourse Island sheltered habitat at shoreline Good Industrial Estate), feral animals, sites, limited visitation. habitat, unique habitat. (mangroves) weeds, sea level rise Extremely high cultural values, Aquifer dependent on cyclonic rainfall To be used as a water source for KA014 Bungaroo valley aquifer Excellent including idividual sites within the High water quality Mining, over-abstraction events to recharge the west Pilbara water supply valley. Used as a water source.

Could become conservation Vietnam veterans camp. Cultural Biodiversity, unique/spectacular Some pastoral production in Fire, unmanaged access and use, reserve with 10 Management KA015 Meentheena Ex-pastoral property Good value Conservation, some landforms parts feral animals (camels) from indigenous, locals & grazing value Vietnam veterans Fair to Nesting site for flat back and Community use, feral predators KA016 Cleaverville turtle nesting sites Beach; Turtle nesting site 4WD, motorbikes, beach access Tourism degraded hawksbill turtles (foxes taking eggs) Pilbara rockpile vegetation Human impacts (unrestricted Typical and good example of Pilbara Good. Trend is Very high density of Rock Art, communities. Endangered Tourism (the unofficial Rock Art visitor access and KA017 Deep Gorge rocky gorge with ephemeral waterway to decline. Heritage sites species (Pilbara Olive pyhton, site) damage/vandalism, litter), Quoll, Pilbara Leaf-nose Bat) weeds, feral animals 10,000+ Pilbara Leaf-nose Bat in Potenial constraints to mining - EPBC listed, WA listed, Pilbara endemic the population which is the significant offset and KA018 Pilbara leaf-nose bat at API cave Excellent Nil but holy grail for bat lovers Significant mineral value Mining species, world class bat cave largest known by significant management commitments factor, maternity roost required Skull Spring (upper Oakover, De Spring and pools in Casuarina forest in Camping site meeting of Nomads KA019 Fair River forest/pool habitat Unmanaged visitation and use Grey River) river bed in 1947 KA020 Caves Creek Good Cultural High biodiversity Pastoral production Mining, grazing Mining (activity and associated infrastructure, dewatering Saline/halophyte/samphire dominated Contains sites but area has Bird habitat, ground water KA021 Fortescue Marsh - Entire Excellent Mineral deposits impacts, change in groundwater flood plain with infrequent inundation cultural significance as a whole recharge hydrology and to saline/fresh water interface)

Grazing pressure, feral animals Priority Ecological Community, Water resource, for mining (horses, cats), mining (and Coondewanna Flats Priority Coolibah, Mulga woodland Scar trees - presumably culutral KA022 Very good disjunct outcrop, undescribed development, pastoral infrastructure corridors), change Ecological Community (dominated) with tussock grassland value, hunting species production to flooding regime and surface water/sheetwater

Grazing (of grassland and Mulga heavy clay soils, unrepresented Varies from fair Unique vegetation types, species understorey in Mulga woodland), vegetation commons, proposed CAR Traditional owner hunting High grazing value - Juna Downs Heavy clay soils are highly KA023 Munjina Claypan to severely with disjunct distributions and fire, clearing, dewatering for addition - 2015, Mitchell grass grounds (since 1983) resilient degraded undescribed taxa mining activities, infrastructure grasslands corridors

Priority Ecological Community - red Varied - High pastoral production value sand dunes dominated by atypical excellent to Atypical vegetation, unique (due to Buffel grass), sand source Weeds (Buffel grass), grazing, KA024 Sand dunes of Fortescue Valley Traditional owner burial sites vegetation communities for Pilbara. severely uncommon reptiles for concrete during mine mining (sand) Unique/uncommon reptile degraded construction assembleges Asset Current Asset name Description Community and Social values Environmental values Economic values Threats Other number condition Endemic species refuge Dewatering/unsustainable use of Riparian ecosystem associated with Custodian/traditional, historical, (invertebrates, plants), riparian Tourism, water supply for West water, fire, weeds and pest KA025 Millstream wetland millstream springs and pools on current recreational/tourism system, listed as a subregionally Pilbara (industry, potable) plants, feral and pest animals Fortescue River significant wetland including unmanaged cattle Species-rich with endemic Constraint to mining KA026 Ethel Gorge Stygobot/fauna community in aquifer Unconfirmed Mining (dewatering), recreation stygofauna community development Constraint to mining and Probably indicative of high Mining (dewatering potable KA027 Blind Cave Eel EPBC listed Unknown supply to West Pilbara Water quality water water) Supply Several populations in Karijini National Park probably Short lived perennial; opportunistic increased abundance with KA028 Lepidium catapycnon species i.e. responds well to Unknown Intrinsic Clearing, increased fire frequency increased fire and physical disturbance disturbance from mineral exploration

Two species of small carnivorous Students at Murdoch marsupial. Crest-tailed Mulgara Naturally vulnerable and Altered fire regimes, predators, University are studying the KA029 Mulgara (Dasycercus cristicauda) is EPBC and Unknown Traditional ecological knowledge threatened. Presence is indicative localised clearing (fragmentation taxanomy. Many locations state listed (Threatened); Brush-tailed of a functioning ecosystem of populatons) picked up through the species mulgara (Dasycercus blythi ) is not tracking program listed. Mulga woodlands with numerous Fire, changed hydorlogical Mulgalands proposed Conservation Excellent to Spectacular landscape, undescribed and restricted regimes (change in surface flow KA030 Proposed multi-use conservation park Significant mining deposits Park degraded Traditional Owner significance species. Intact ecosystem with from infrastructure little weeds. Ghostbats, dune development), grazing python etc Coral (inshore coastal strip onslow Coral communities (supports both Industry, global warming, KA031 Degraded Fishing, diving, food, cultural Marine environment Commercial fishing to 80 Mile Beach) hard and soft coral species) cyclones (erosion, siltation, etc)

Sea level rise, mining, harbour Unknown Cultural links to traditional developments, boating activity, Appendix A1 - Marine Turtle (population has Endemic species, keystone owners, Community interest in coastal lighting, beach Management Plan - BHPBIO, KA032 Flatback Turtles - at Port Hedland Threatened species been estimated species, only turtle restricted to Tourism population and community degradation, feral animals (foxes Care for Hedland Community but more data Australian Coninental Shelf monitoring program and cats), overfishing, direct Monitoring Program needed) habitat destruction Carnarvon, Canning and Pilbara Water Supply, town, industry, Mining (dewatering), weeds, KA033 Aquifer Good Biodiversity (stygofauna) Supports life and industry Basin Aquifer pastoralism contamination/pollution Importance of habitat will Shorebird habitat, both for Intertidal and supra tidal habitat Feral animals, coastal become more critical as sea KA034 Salt ponds at Dampier Good Has important heritage sites feeding and roosting. Listed as Salt production (Dampier salina) development level rises and anchor important bird site. roots/feeding stems become less viable Tourism, Heritage, Cultural, Overgrazing (domestic and feral Ephemeral river with areas of Recreation, Opthalmia Dam High biodiversity - plants and Pastoralism, tourism, Opthalmia KA035 Fortescue River Good animals), tourism and recreation, permanent water and springs water supply, Millstreatm Water animals Dam, Millstream Water Supply fire, mining deatering, weeds Supply Industry, pollution, global Fish nursery area. Habitat for Commercial fishing, recreational warming (sea level rise, more KA036 Marine mangroves Mangroves, inshore, estuarine Fair Recreational fishing, crabbing birds, turtles and crabs fishing (crabs, prawns, fish) intense storm events), increased human use Clean air polluted by industry, Air quality - Port Hedland and KA039 particularly iron ore crushing and Degraded High High Fine particles of iron ore Dampier transport 50 km radius around large Overfishing (within 50 kms of Fish targeted by recreational fishers: population under extreme Associated fishing businesses, major towns), industry, KA040 Fish resource (inshore coastal) coral trout, blue blone, barramundi, Fair Recreational, cultural, food Part of marine environment fishing pressure. Dept of boat stores, fishing stores, 4WD commercial fishing, pollution / oil mackerel, targeted species Planning report about coastal spills access points still in draft form. Asset Current Asset name Description Community and Social values Environmental values Economic values Threats Other number condition Pastoral rangeland on Mt Florance Mining infastructure, interrupted Biodiversity good mulga stands Unique to this location due to KA041 Station (watershed of the Grazing Rangeland Mulga Community Good Quality grazing buffel grass water flow, erosion, water soft spinifex location of railway line Hamersleys) deprivation Physical or plant structures that slow These structures create Many now not functional as Natural structures that slow water Varied - good Cause flood-out, creating local High for cattle feed on flood Large flood events, over grazing, KA042 and spread water out on to flood pools/billabongs within river for they have been eroded or within drainage channels to degraded floodplain/ riparian habitat plains for cattle production fire plains fishing, swimming, serpent home completely washed away

These areas are dispersed across properties /landscapes, Modest biodiversity but high but can be mapped and Steep country below breakaway that Indirect in that it keeps rivers Fire, overgrazing (both result in Steep slopes at top/edge of Varied - good value ecosystem function in managed appropriately. Flood KA043 holds up/slows downrun off in cyclonic clean, healthy for fishers and Pastoral productivity slopes devois of vegetation, catchment to degraded keeps hydrological process/rivers damage can result in lost /flooding rains swimming etc leading to erosion gullies) healthy grazing opportunities and therefore lost income until land recovers Mining, infrastructure Unique vegetation types, Numerous Mountain top flora (uplands of the Refugia species richness, developments eg beacons, tado KA045 species of biological signifance and Good Tourism value Limited - mining, tourism Hamersley Ranges) geological diversity towers, inappropriate (more refugia frequent) fire regimes Turtle, raptor and sea bird Tourism (primarily local), Weeds, feral animals (mice, Survey (by Vicki Long) of 28 Pilbara Sand Cays - between Onslow Sandy islands of varying sizes off Varied - good nesting sites, vegetation that has potential base for resource foxes), fire, sea level rise, islands between Onslow and KA046 and Dampier excluding Dampier Recreation - Fishing, camping Pilbara coast to degraded evolved different forms to industry (overlapping mining unmanaged tourism and Dampier highlighted the need Archipelago mainland, big tide fluctations, tenements for iron sand mining) recreation, small 4wd bikes to protect at least some mangroves (taken over by boat) islands. Species in various locations: 114 Fire, pest and feral animals, Use PBS delta for modelling of Rare Flora (Declared Rare Flora, priorty flora in various locations; two KA047 Varied weeds, overgrazing / grazing potential habitat - due for Priorty Flora, EPBC listed flora) species listed under both EPBC and state; one species EPBC listed but not pressure, climate change completion in 2013 state listed inappropriate fire regimes, Priority/geographically restricted, fire Spear trees, high for Pilbara Priority listing intrinsic scientific KA048 Acacia leeuwiniana Good granite mining (ballast quarries sensitive, very attractive acacia community and botanists interest - unusual group in Pilbara (road/rails)) Tertiary limestone island, spinifex Unknown Barrier island - functional value Rattus tunneyi , unique Resource development, mining, KA049 Limestone islands dominated , Unusual species, Rattus (assumed Recreation in landscape there, economic geological composition for Pilbara feedstock for iron ore smelting tunneyi - only represented on islands good) value and potential mineral value

Varies from severely Cracking clay on top of Chichesters, degraded Fragmentation (resulting from Volcanic geolos - basalts, Species-rich (where grazing Historical - harvest of sorghum, Numerous undescribed species, infrastucture development), KA050 Wonna Land System grasslands of which three types are occurs) to landscape value/tourism, hunting disjunct or range end species, Pastoral production increased weed risk (particuarly listed as Priority Ecological excellent value undescribed species Buffel grass), inappropriate fire Communities (Millstream regimes, grazing Chichester National Park)

Fortescue River - Floodplain on Mt Grasslands flood plain, high value land High level of biodiversity, , Erosion, inappropriate grazing, KA051 Fair to good High value grazing land Florance Station system vegetation fire, mining, weeds KA052 Western Turner River Riparian environment Unconfirmed Recreation Riparian ecosystem Pastoral production Weeds (Prickly pear) Themeda grasslands on Hamersley KA060 Tussock grasses on cracking clays Fair (seasonal) TEC and unique community High value grazing land, carbon Fire, grazing, weeds Station EPA has a guidance settlement Massive ecological function, Important traditional food for arid zone mangroves. In Mangrove species including Avicennia coastal protection, base of food gathering area, and has the Pilbara, mangroves form KA062 Arid Zone mangroves marina and Rhizophora stylosa. Shows Generally good webs. Threatened and endemic Fishing, juvenile breeding ground Coastal development associated with Middens and many of the ecological niches zonation and habitat niches Species. Unique habitat in heritage sites there woodlands play for bush Australia and world birds in other areas Asset Current Asset name Description Community and Social values Environmental values Economic values Threats Other number condition Well known and used and highly Mangroves, estuary, habitat for Human use impacts (unmanaged Titchella/Condon Beaches and Beach, coastal areas, estuary and fish Varied - good KA063 valued by Port Hedland residents. fish. Migratory birds, "Salt bush" Pastoral production access and use, rubbish), fire, Estuaries stocks to degraded Fishing/recreation coastal grass siltation due to erosion upstream

Nursery areas for prawns/crabs, Recreational fishing, dugong Commercial and recreational KA064 Sea grasses - inshore coastal strip Marine seagrass Unknown food for turtles/dugongs, healthy Industry, pollution, dredging hunting, cultural fishing environment

High. Historical bases for the Mining, conservation estates, Representative of majority of Approximately 50 pastoral leases Variable good - development in the Pilbara. Food production contributes to urban spread vs production, KA065 Grazing Rangelands Pilbara land grazing livestock degraded Good stewardship in managing state economy, carbon under recognised value of food systems/communities land production, feral animals, weeds, fires Industry, introduced species and Inshore coastal islands, marine Recreational, camping, fishing, Coral communities, endemic KA069 Dampier Archipelago Fair Industry, tourism invasive marine pests, fire, global environment, cultural , fish resources cultural species, biodiversity of coral warming Tourist camping spot, Fishing and Currently easy access but no Wetlands, fish habitat, visually Flood damage, unmanaged KA070 Karrawine Gorge (Oakover river) Gorge with large freshwater pool Fair to good swimming for locals, Indigenous Stock water, tourism facilities or people stunning, fossil stromatalites human use culture management. Degradation of upstream Pastoral production (springs feed Ecological hub as water drives watershed, overuse by feral T001 Springs on Cheela Plains Very good surface rivers for stockwater biological productivity (fish, birds, etc) animals and stock and downstream) community, mine dewatering upstream Biodiversity, Threatened Significant heritage site/story Mining (dewatering, under threat Heavily modified since 2006 T002 Weeli Wolli Spring Permanent spring fed pool Good Ecological Community, water site, Recreation area from existing and future mining) from mine water discharge source General ecosystem component eg surface water flow/watershed. Isolated landforms e.g. Mount Changing topography throughout Mining (levelling of regional T003 Excellent Aesthetics, tourism - landscape Specific ecosystem - habitat for Tourism, potential mining Robinson, The Governer region breakaway of hills) rare endangered species (known or unknown) Fire (inland of George River (no Regularly used by Port Hedland River systems get damaged Breeding grounds - Barramundi Breeding grounds, mangroves, Tourism, commercial fishing control of burn-offs, too-frequent T004 George River - estuary/river mouth Good to fair and Karratha locals for fishing / upstream from inappropriate estuary and fish stocks estuary, migrating birds (Barramundi breeding grounds) fires)), pollution (cargo ships, recreation rubbish), over fishing, fire regimes unmanaged use Minesites, onsite pastoral value is Connected ranges and hills and Ecological framework that is Mining, human use impacts Catchment areas e.g. Turner 4 wheel driving, camping, low but off site, downstream T005 upslopes that feed through valleys to Fair to good fundamental to whole system (overuse - recreational, pastoral, syncline (Rocklea Dome) prospecting, cultural value to pastoral productivity is rivers and plains functioning - headwaters access), too frequent fire high. Tree species in river zone Overgrazing/use, over extraction Fair (includes Tributary river Hardey to Ashburton together with shrub and ground of water, adding excessive water Catches fertility and makes T006 Beasley River banks and river Recreation, prospecting, cultural Stock water rivers cover. River flows to lower by mines, dams, altered flow and available for productive use. bed) catchment, floodplains and hydrology ocean. Higher proportion of Overgrazing (stock_, fire grasslands in degraded Grazing - highest productivity of (particularly the overuse of fire / condition than other all self-perpetuating vegetation Degraded Recreation - aesthetics and Habitat for many lifeforms - all increased fire frequency), mining, vegetation communities in the T007 Native perennial grasses/grasslands Variety of species types when in good condition. (generally) comfort, cultural, tourism components other than moisture weeds , feral and native Pilbara but their condition in Fertile and resilient. Direct herbivores (numbers increase the is Pilbara better than it is benefit is to pastoralists. due to access to water) other subregions. Refer CSIRO report (via Bill Cotching)

water, riparian vegetation, Overgrazing (leading to erosion), associated floodplains, drainage overuse by mining (over T008 Minor inland rivers Tributaries and inland river systems Fair Fishing and recreation Stock watering, some mining function, catch sediment and extraction or over disposal, slow water flows when in good interruptions to flow) condition Asset Current Asset name Description Community and Social values Environmental values Economic values Threats Other number condition Mine infrastructure, large feral Catchment with high cultural, High indigenous cultural value Bilby, mulgara, 50+ species of pastoal production, mine T011 Upper Yule River Catchment Fair animals, uncontrolled access, biodiversity LAW ground reptiles. infrasturucture, gold Rail lines x4 prospectors, fire (late hot fires) Highest landform, recreation, isolated peak, suports short T020 Mount Meharry Highest Peak in WA Good Limited tourism Nil amenity range endemic species Deep incised gorges and pools within Good Preservation of landscapes and Insufficient management of land, T021 Karijini Gorges Recreation, heritage High visitation tourism site Karijini National Park (protected) ecosystems feral animals, fire Groundwater abstraction Floodplain for Fortescue Marsh, a Wetland ecosystem risk, especially from multiple mining Draft, Fortescue Marsh Fortescue Marsh - Floodplain on Cultural significance of Fortescue Pastoral productivity, mineral T022 wetland identified in 'A Directory of Very good migratory listed bird species, operations (affects water levels Guidelines for mining (EPA Marillana station Marsh itself exploration and extraction Important Wetlands in Australia' buffer for wetland and quality, surface water flow policy document) interuption (rail, roads))

Condition: Most are grazed Springs and semi-permanent Spring fed or deep pools, typically in Livestock, unmanaged human use Some recreational use. Some Refuge, water source habitat for and subject to stock or feral T023 waterholes between Karijini and upper creek systems, which provide Varied Water source for livestock (including impacts from increased with heritage value key species degradation but generally still Newman water resources within the landscape. visitation) maintain biodiversity values.

Key aspect in maintaining biodiversity dispersion pathways through the landscape. Fauna movement Riparian corridors between Karijini Linkage for fauna movement and Important for livestock water Livestock, mining (in certain T024 Riparian corridors Varied often concentrated around and Newman dispersal source areas) three corridors where vegetation is typically more dense and offers greater level of protection. Clay pans which are periodically Extension of biodiversity values Fortescue freshwater claypans Linear infrastructure (rail, road), T025 inundated with flows from Fortescue Degraded of Fortescue Marsh - distinctly Highly productive pastoral land downstream of the Marsh grazing (stock and feral animals) River different habitat Spring itself in very good Aboriginal heritage significance, Mine waterway, human use Weeli Wolli pools - example of Groundwater fed spring - permanent Recreational significance of Weeli TEC (biodiversity), source of Used for discharge point by impacts (increased visitation, T026 condition, Pastoral land Reform 2015 pastoral lease reform flow creek has been Wolli Creek, especially since more permanent surface water flow mining companies rubbish, water pollution from heavily watering discharge lack of toilet facilities, etc) modified Spring fed or deep pool in Casuarina Very popular camping, fishing Human impacts (access, rubbish, T027 Running Waters pool and spring Good to fair Small wetlands with pool Limited grazing value forest spot for locals. Indigenous site etc)

Very high value for indigenous Populations have been Native plants traditionally used for Potentially very high importance Grazing, hot fires, over T028 Bush tucker and medicine plants Fair people for cultural reasons. Also Biodiversity values reduced in some areas due to food and medicine for medicine exploitation sometimes important for food. overuse

Contains LAW ground on river Native fish population with no Continued erosion in catchment, Riparian zone Being developed as key bank and other heritage values. exotic species, unique swamp Pastoral grazing, town water over burning, inappropriate T029 Cane River River System degraded in catchment demonstration Location of live-in training centre plant community. Rechange of supply, irrigation potential grazing, some hydrological places research e-training property. for indigenous people Onslow water bores. disruption of the river system Limited recreational and River delta containing swamp with High due to unique plant Disrupted, dysfunctional drainage T030 Peedamulla Wetlands and swamp Fair indigenous use (limited by poor Fairly high grazing value unusual mix of vegetation community mix system access) Overgrazing, increased fire Native perennial grasses/grasslands Fertile soils supporting a variety of Habitat for many lifeforms - all T031 Fair to poor Grazing frequency, invasive plants, feral on Cheela species components other than moisture and native herbivores