). :Ao J 6 This Document Is Made Available Through the Declassification Efforts and Research of John Greenewald, Jr., Creator Of: the Black Vault
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The Russia You Never Met
The Russia You Never Met MATT BIVENS AND JONAS BERNSTEIN fter staggering to reelection in summer 1996, President Boris Yeltsin A announced what had long been obvious: that he had a bad heart and needed surgery. Then he disappeared from view, leaving his prime minister, Viktor Cher- nomyrdin, and his chief of staff, Anatoly Chubais, to mind the Kremlin. For the next few months, Russians would tune in the morning news to learn if the presi- dent was still alive. Evenings they would tune in Chubais and Chernomyrdin to hear about a national emergency—no one was paying their taxes. Summer turned to autumn, but as Yeltsin’s by-pass operation approached, strange things began to happen. Chubais and Chernomyrdin suddenly announced the creation of a new body, the Cheka, to help the government collect taxes. In Lenin’s day, the Cheka was the secret police force—the forerunner of the KGB— that, among other things, forcibly wrested food and money from the peasantry and drove some of them into collective farms or concentration camps. Chubais made no apologies, saying that he had chosen such a historically weighted name to communicate the seriousness of the tax emergency.1 Western governments nod- ded their collective heads in solemn agreement. The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank both confirmed that Russia was experiencing a tax collec- tion emergency and insisted that serious steps be taken.2 Never mind that the Russian government had been granting enormous tax breaks to the politically connected, including billions to Chernomyrdin’s favorite, Gazprom, the natural gas monopoly,3 and around $1 billion to Chubais’s favorite, Uneximbank,4 never mind the horrendous corruption that had been bleeding the treasury dry for years, or the nihilistic and pointless (and expensive) destruction of Chechnya. -
RUSSIA and the POWER of the MEDIA Mokhmad Akhiyadov
THE ARMENIAN LOBBY IN RUSSIA AND THE POWER OF THE MEDIA Mokhmad Akhiyadov To cite this article: Akhiyadov, M. (2020). “The Armenian Lobby in Russia and the Power of the Media”, Analysis INSAMER, 19.02.2020. Swift adaptation to new circumstances or the country (Krasnodar, Stavropol and Rostov). environments has long been one of the mainstays In Moscow alone, there are more than 100,000 of the Armenian national character. Perhaps it is Armenians. Moreover, agencies and cultural precisely this peculiarity that accounts for the centers of the Union of Russian Armenians are strength of the Armenian diaspora extending active in 65 of the 85 federal subjects of Russia its global reach with an increasing number of and 642 cities. The Armenian community in supporters. There are about 10 million Armenians Russia is almost seamlessly integrated into in the world and only one third of them live in the Russian society. Indeed, Armenians, who the Republic of Armenia. USA, France, Georgia, today hold important positions in the Russian Syria and Lebanon are the leading countries public domain, enjoy a very privileged position. with the largest concentrations of Armenian Therefore, the Armenians undoubtedly have a population, but Russia is the country that has palpable impact on the Russian policy-making the largest number of Armenian population, though it often goes unnoticed. Today, around machinery. 2.5 million Armenians live in Russia. Armenians in Russia, who identify themselves Historically, one of the largest Armenian as Russian patriots at every opportunity, also diaspora was based in Russia. As a consequence, make a point of maintaining their ties with their Armenians today find ample representation in homeland. -
Title of Thesis: ABSTRACT CLASSIFYING BIAS
ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis Directed By: Dr. David Zajic, Ph.D. Our project extends previous algorithmic approaches to finding bias in large text corpora. We used multilingual topic modeling to examine language-specific bias in the English, Spanish, and Russian versions of Wikipedia. In particular, we placed Spanish articles discussing the Cold War on a Russian-English viewpoint spectrum based on similarity in topic distribution. We then crowdsourced human annotations of Spanish Wikipedia articles for comparison to the topic model. Our hypothesis was that human annotators and topic modeling algorithms would provide correlated results for bias. However, that was not the case. Our annotators indicated that humans were more perceptive of sentiment in article text than topic distribution, which suggests that our classifier provides a different perspective on a text’s bias. CLASSIFYING BIAS IN LARGE MULTILINGUAL CORPORA VIA CROWDSOURCING AND TOPIC MODELING by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Gemstone Honors Program, University of Maryland, 2018 Advisory Committee: Dr. David Zajic, Chair Dr. Brian Butler Dr. Marine Carpuat Dr. Melanie Kill Dr. Philip Resnik Mr. Ed Summers © Copyright by Team BIASES: Brianna Caljean, Katherine Calvert, Ashley Chang, Elliot Frank, Rosana Garay Jáuregui, Geoffrey Palo, Ryan Rinker, Gareth Weakly, Nicolette Wolfrey, William Zhang 2018 Acknowledgements We would like to express our sincerest gratitude to our mentor, Dr. -
Analyzing Soviet Defense Programs, 1951-1990 (U)
http://www. csi .cia/studics/vol42no3/art7 .him I (b)[31 Unclassified [b)l1J Determining the Cost and the Burden Analyzing Soviet Defense Programs, 1951-1990 (U) From the early days of the Cold War, the economic potential of the Soviet Union was a prime intelligence question. In 1951, Max Millikan, the first director of the Office of Research and Reports (ORR) in CIA, identified five objectives for foreign economic intelligence in support of US national security: • Estimating the magnitude of potential military threats to the United States and its allies by calculating the level of military operations a potential enemy's economy could sustain . • Estimating the character and location of future military threats by examining how the potential enemy is allocating its resources. • Assisting in judging the intentions of a potential enemy by monitoring changes in its economic policies. • Helping policymakers to reduce possible military threats by telling them how economic measures could impair a potential enemy's economic capabilities. • Assisting in the estimation of probable development of the relative strength of the East and West blocs in the near term, assuming hostilities are avoided._!_ When Millikan formulated these objectives, the Korean war was on, and the possibility of conflict with the USSR was real. At the same time, knowledge of the Soviet economy was sketchy. As Millikan put it, his office in the first half of 1951 "was engaged in taking an inventory of its ignorance concerning the economy of the Soviet Bloc."1 Soviet economic statistics were of little help. Publication of detailed statistics had ceased for all practical purposes after World War II. -
Soviet Counterinsurgency
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1990-06 Soviet counterinsurgency Johnson, David Ray Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37523 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS SOVIET COUNTERZNSE'GENCY by David Ray Johnson June 1990 Thesis Advisor: ~ikhailTsypkin Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited UNCLASSIFIED CURlTY CLASSIFICATION OF ThlS *AGE REPORT-. DOCUMENTATION PAGE 3. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIF8CATION I 1 b RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS UN a SECURITY cLAmuoRITY 3 DlsTRlBuTloN /AVAILABILITY OF REPORT Approved for public release; D DECLASSIFICATIONI DOWNGRADING SCHEDLYE distribution is unlinited I PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBEVS) 5 MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER6) I a NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b OFF!CE SYMBOL 7a NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION (Ifapplicable) onterey, California 93943-5000 I Monterey, California 93943-5000 I PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION NUMBER a. NAME OF FUNDING 1 SPONSORING 8b OFFICE SYMBOL 9. ORGANIZATION (If apphcable) 1 r ADDRESS (C8ty. State, and ZIP Code) 10 SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS PROGRAM TASK NO ACCESSION NO 1 TITLE (Include Securlry Classrf~afronJ SOVIET COUNTERINSURGENCY 2. PERSONAL AUTHOR(5) (Year, Month, DayJ 15 PAGE COUNT 135 6 SUPPLEMENTARYNOTA-IOI rhe views exuressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the officidl rdentrf~by blwk number) FIELD ( GROUP I SUB-GROUP Soviet Counterinsurgency; Anti-Soviet Insurgency I I I I I 19 ABSTRACT (Confmue on reverse rf necessary and ~dennfyby block number) The aim of this paper is to determine the presence or absence of a Soviet doctrine of counterinsurgency and to identify the historical patterns of Soviet counterinsurgency. The thesis examines the place of counterinsurgency in Soviet military thought and compares the Swiet counterinsurgent campaigns in Soviet Central Asia, the Ukraine, Lithuania, and Afghanistan. -
THE LAND WARFARE PAPERS Perestroika and Soviet Military
THE LAND WARFARE PAPERS No.5 OCTOBER 1990 Perestroika and Soviet Military Personnel By Robert B. Davis A National Security Affairs Paper Published on Occasion by THE INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY Arlington, Virginia PERESTROIKA AND SOVIET MILITARY PERSONNEL by Robert B. Davis THE INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY AN AUSA INSTITUTE OF LAND WARFARE PAPER In 1988 the Association of the United States Army (AUSA) established within its existing organization a new entity known as the Institute of Land Warfare. Its purpose is to extend the educational work of AUSA by sponsoring scholarly publications, to include books, monographs and essays on key defense issues, as well as workshops and symposia. A work selected for publication as a Land Warfare Paper represents research by the author which, in the opinion of the editorial board, will contribute to a better understanding of a particular defense or national security issue. Publication as an AUSA Institute of Land Warfare Paper does not indicate that the Association of the United States Army agrees with everything in the paper, but does suggest that AUSA believes the paper will stimulate the thinking of AUSA members and others concerned about important defense issues. LAND WARFARE PAPER NO. S, OCTOBER 1990 Perestroika and Soviet Military Personnel by Robert B. Davis Mr. Robert B. Davis is a research psychologist with the U.S. Army Foreign Science and Technology Center in Charlottesville, Virginia. Mr. Davis received his undergraduate degree from Arkansas College and his advanced degree from Troy State University, Alabama. -
Summary of the Research Reports Who Is Behind Russian Ideological
Russia in Europe: the reactionary values agenda Summary of the Research Reports 1. Who is behind Russian ideological onslaught in Europe? (investigative report done by a free-lance Russian journalist) [pages 1-5] 2. Russian Influence in Europe: the reactionary values agenda (Marina Davidashvili – The European Parliamentary Forum on Population and Development) [pages 5-8] 3. Russia's influence on promoting reactionary or socially regressive values in Central Europe (Political Capital Institute) [pages 8-10] 4. Traditional and Family Values in the Orthodox Commonwealth (Florin Buhuceanu – The European Forum of LGBT Christian Groups) [pages 11-12] 5. The Russian Influence in Italy and Spain: The agenda of reactionary values (Francisco Malavassi, desk researcher) [pages 12-15] 6. Russia in Europe: Reactionary Values Agenda – The case of Lithuania (The Open Society Fund Lithuania and the Human Rights Monitoring Institute) [pages 15-17] 7. "Traditional Values" in the Russian Public Diplomacy toward Latvia (Andis Kudors - The Centre for East European Policy Studies) [pages 17-20] 8. Russian Subversion and Regressive Agenda in France (Marie Mendras & Alain Guillemoles – Observatoire de la Russie, Sciences Po, Paris) [pages 20-24] Who is behind Russian ideological onslaught in Europe? Investigative report done by a free-lance Russian journalist The study looks at individuals and organizations that have played important roles in advancing Russian faux conservative, anti-European and anti-American agenda in four European countries: Ukraine (because it provides an example of how the ideological onslaught can transform into direct military aggression), Greece and Hungary (both among Russia’s staunches allies in the European Union, whose support is crucial as the Kremlin struggles to get the EU to lift the sanctions imposed in retaliation for invading Ukraine), and France (because of the growing Russian influence). -
Russian Relations: More Than Meets the Eye
MIDDLE EAST 3 Where Goes the IRGC’s Economic Wing under Rouhani? 4 Updating Iran’s Naval Doctrine Foreign Military Studies Office 5 The Huthis Prepare for Post-Transition Yemen 7 Syria: Who Frames Whom? 9 Egyptian Russian Relations: More Than Meets the Eye RUSSIA 10 Russian Air Force Academy Welcomes First OE WATCH UAV Class FOREIGN NEWS & PERSPECTIVES OF THE OPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENT 12 Armenia’s Surprising Decision to Join Russian-led Customs Union 14 Ukraine Moves Closer to Europe—for Now 16 Russia’s Sovereign Foreign Policy Vol. 3 Issue #10 October 2013 18 Bio-Weapon Accusations 20 Popularity of Military Cadet Education IN THIS ISSUE 22 Russia “Restoring” Military Presence in Arctic Click on the Table of Contents to the Left. 24 Recent Developments in Russia’s Foreign Agent Law 26 3D Will Help Troops to Conduct Warfare Special Essay: TURKEY 27 Turkey’s Position on Syria Leaves it Isolated 29 Why Did Turkey Down the Syrian Helicopter? Anti-Americanism in the 31 Is the PKK Peace Process Stalling? AFRICA Kremlin 33 Somalisation of the Central African Republic Narrative 35 Tall Problems for a Short People: Conflict in the DRC Displaces the Bambuti 37 Kenya’s Turkana County Oil Rush: Niger Delta Déjà Vu? 39 Post Independence, Blood Continues to Be Shed: Human Rights Abuses by South Sudan’s Army LATIN AMERICA 41 Something that Doesn’t Smell Right in the Caribbean MEXICO 43 El Chapo: Eventual Ally of the Peña Nieto Administration? INDO-PACIFIC ASIA 45 India’s First Dedicated Military Satellite Launched 46 Taiwan Donates Maritime Patrol Boats -
At Cold War's End: Complexity, Causes, and Counterfactuals
THE LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND POLITICAL SCIENCE At Cold War’s End: Complexity, Causes, and Counterfactuals Benjamin Mueller A thesis submitted to the Department of International Relations of the London School of Economics and Political Science for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. London, 1 October 2015 DECLARATION I certify that the thesis I present for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work, except where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out by any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 99,864 words. 2 ABSTRACT What caused the Cold War to end? In the following I examine the puzzle of the fast and peaceful conclusion of the bipolar superpower standoff, and point out the problems this creates for the study of International Relations (IR). I discuss prevailing explanations and point out their gaps, and offer the framework of complexity theory as a suitable complement to overcome the blind spots in IR’s reductionist methodologies. I argue that uncertainty and unpredictability are rooted in an international system that is best viewed as non-linear. -
Adopting HIV/AIDS Policy in Russia and South Africa, 1999-2008
Syracuse University SURFACE Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Political Science - Dissertations Affairs 2011 Treatment as a Common Good: Adopting HIV/AIDS Policy in Russia and South Africa, 1999-2008 Vladislav Kravtsov Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/psc_etd Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Kravtsov, Vladislav, "Treatment as a Common Good: Adopting HIV/AIDS Policy in Russia and South Africa, 1999-2008" (2011). Political Science - Dissertations. 97. https://surface.syr.edu/psc_etd/97 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science - Dissertations by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT The goal of this dissertation is to increase our understanding of domestic policy responses to initiatives and expertise as provided by international health organizations. Although following international recommendations often improves domestic public health, in certain circumstances resistance to adopting them persists. My core theoretical argument suggests that a strong societal agreement about what constitutes the ―common good‖ served by state (e.g., ―social purpose‖) informs how domestic policy-makers evaluate the benefits of adopting international recommendations. This agreement also affects how governments frame the provision of treatment, decide which subpopulations should benefit from the consumption of public good, and choose their partners in policy implementation. To demonstrate the impact of social purpose I examine how, why and with what consequences Russia and South Africa adopted the external best case practices, guidelines, and recommendations in regard to the HIV/AIDS treatment. -
The Russian White House Under Siege
1 The Russian White House under Siege August 19, 1991, should have been a regular Monday morning, but it opened on an unexpected note. Instead of the news, all Russian TV and radio stations were broadcasting Tchaikovsky’s Swan Lake. Audiences across the country understood at once that something serious had hap- pened in politics. Ever since 1982, major events such as the deaths of Soviet leaders (three in the span of three years) had been announced after national broadcasting of this sort. At age sixty, Gorbachev was on the young side and seemingly too healthy to follow his immediate predecessors. However, he was not immune to ac- tions from Kremlin hard-liners fighting against his liberalization policies. And act they did: an announcer reported that Gorbachev had fallen ill at his state-owned dacha at a Black Sea resort. “The new Soviet leadership” in Moscow would reinstate socialist “law and order.” At the time of the announcement I was already in a car and heading to the city from my state-owned dacha in a Russian government compound about fifteen miles from Moscow. Yeltsin occupied a house around the corner from me, though he had campaigned against such perks and had gained popular- ity by vigorously denouncing unwarranted privileges for top officials. The 17 © 2019 University of Pittsburgh Press. All rights reserved. 18 The Firebird • Andrei Kozyrev compound served as a kind of out-of-office meeting place for members of the Russian government. As I drove in, I noticed signs of unusual activity near the local traffic police station. -
Qusso1595849033rkckn.Pdf
Kyiv 2017 In blessed memory of Volodymyr Bezkorovainy, Bohdan Hawrylyshyn, Oleksandr Todiychuk* For those who have systemic thinking The Doomsday Clock is now at 2 minutes 30 seconds to midnight. * This book is devoted to three prominent Ukrainians, each of whom was an experienced professional in their field and were known in Ukraine, Europe and around the world. Volodymyr Bezkorovainy (Ukrainian: Володимир Безкоровайний), August 16, 1944 – January 23, 2017, Admiral (Ret.), PhD degree (Military Sciences), former Commander of the Ukrainian Navy, Deputy Minister of Defence of Ukraine (October 1993 – October 1996). Bohdan Hawrylyshyn (Богдан Гаврилишин), October 19, 1926 – October 24, 2016, Canadian, Swiss and Ukrainian economist, thinker, benefactor and advisor to the governments and large companies worldwide. He was a full member of the Club of Rome, a founder of the European Management Forum in Davos (now World Economic Forum). Oleksandr Todiychuk (Олександр Тодійчук), June 22, 1953 – March 3, 2016, Ukrainian energy industry manager, former CEO of JSC «Institute of Oil Transportation», former CEO of the National oil transmission system operator «UkrTransNafta», Coordinator of the EU – Ukraine energy relationship, Deputy Chairman of the Board of NJSC «NaftoGaz of Ukraine», founder and president of Kyiv International Energy Club. Wars-ХХІ: Russia’s Polyhybression. Based on the researches of the Centre for Global Studies “Strategy XXI” in the framework of Antares project The author of the idea and Project Director: Mykhailo Gonchar. Project expert team: Andrii Chubyk, Sergii Dyachenko, Oksana Ishchuk, Pavlo Lakiichuk, Oleg Hychka, Sergii Mukhrynsky. Antares* – research project of the non-military components of new generation wars, the wars of the 21st century, implemented by the Center for Global Studies “Strategy XXI”.