I

THE SPECTRUM. Published by the Students of the North Dakota Agricultural College.

Vol.,. VIII. MAY .15, 1904. No. 8.

Gustavus Adolphus.

ORATION WINNING FIRST PRIZE IN THE LOCAL CONTEST.

During the last 2,300 years of the night Sun,"—from those same shores world's history, a great struggle has whence, centuries before, the sea kings been going on; a struggle as momentous had sallied forth to plunder the sunny as it has been extensive; as compre- shores of France and Italy—came a new hensive as the teachings of Christianity. Viking, not to rob and destroy, but to It had begun when, 2,201 years ago, in proclaim by his deeds the "brotherhood old Athens, Socrates drained the hemlock of man." He was as great a soldier as cup rather than retract his teachings. Napoleon; but Napoleon was spurred on It had grown broader and more fierce wholly by ambition, while this man when 463 years later Christian martyrs gained his victories for God and for his were burned as torches to illuminate fellow men. He was as great a states- Roman amphitheaters; and it reached its man as his contemporary, Richelieu; but climax, perhaps, in the first half of the Richelieu would not stop at deceit or seventeenth century. This struggle is crime to gain his ends, while this man the struggle for religious toleration. would risk his life and kingdom rather The human race, as a whole, is a con- than break his word. This man, soldier, servative body. It looks with suspicion statesman, Christian, was Gustavus upon any innovation, and the greater the Adolphus, the "Lion of the North." deviation from the broad beaten road In order fully to understand the char- of custom and tradition the greater the acter of this man, and to realize the opposition. ,moo it was with this idea stupendous task he accomplished, it is of religious toleration. Graves and necessary to consider the conditions which smouldering ruins marked its course; the existed in Europe at this time. Chris- stake, the guillotine, torture, and the tianity, coming into Central Europe from dark dank walls of the medieval prison, Italy, was closely followed by the exten- were the rewards of its champions. sion of the Holy Roman Empire, which And yet, like some grasses, that grow attained •a nominal control over a large more luxuriant the more they are portion of the newly converted country. trampled upon, the new doctrine seemed I say a nominal control, for this region to gain strength from the very opposition was divided up into numerous small states which it encountered. Calvin, Zwingli, each with a native prince at its head. L - ither—from France, Switzerland and The government was a union of church Germany they came, heralds of enlight- and state. It was not a very strong enment and civilization. And from out government and the best hold the emperor the frozen North, the "Land of the Mid- had upon his subjects was through the 104 THE SPECTRUM. church. The people, as a whole, were sovereign of a million and a half of sub- rather ignorant, and as long as the gov- jects, a weak nation, surrounded on all ernment could, through the priests, di- sides by avaricious neighbors; a people rect the thoughts of the populace—or new to the boons of civilization, but , rather, keep them from having any three generations removed from savagery. thoughts—it could retain its sovereignty He shall do it," said the dying mon- ever them. The state, 'therefore, for po- arch pointing to his son, as his courtiers litical as well as ecclesiastical reasons, stood about his bedside lamenting the took great pains to suppress any attempt fate of the nation. A stripling, but half at free speech or independent thought. grown to manhood, was left to recon- Men like John Huss and John Calvin struct a commonwealth depleted by the were persecuted as heretics. But in spite ravages of war, threatened on one side of all that was done to discourage the by Russia, on the other by Denmark; a reformers, they still gained many adher- Polish emperor pretender to its throne; ents. A large portion of Germany and its peasantry—ever the backbone and turned Protestant. Consequently, when, sinews of a country's greatness—grum- at the Diet of Spire in 1529, religious bling against heavy levies and taxes. toleration was forbidden, a revolution be- Even as a youth, Gustavus showed evi- came imminent. Just then, however, the dence of those remarkable traits of char- Turks invaded Europe. This invasion acter which were, in later years, to turn threatened both parties alike, and so, in the attention of the entire civilized world 1532, the peace of Nuremberg was con- to him. Possessed of a mind far above cluded, at which it was agreed to leave the ordinary, and a desire to broaden it, religious affairs as they were, and unite he acquired all the culture that the most forces against the common enemy. learned philosophers of Europe could im- But as soon as the danger from the part to him, while warfare—the chief Turks was over, the old religious quarrel vocation of a monarch of the seventeenth was again renewed. Two parties were century—was taught him by just as able formed: The Evangelical Union, a con- masters. This education, creditable to a federation of the small Protestant states; statesman of 200 years later, coupled and the Catholic League, under the lead- with the natural sagacity and bravery ership of Maximilian of Bavaria; one inherited from generations, of warlike striving for enlightenment and progress, ancestors and his daily existence in an the new path leading toward the broad atmosphere of turmoil and strife, had elevation of our modern civilization; the made him a man, if not in years, in mind other following blindly the beaten high- and character. way of the dark ages. Obviously, the first object to be ac- Here, then, is the field of action: An complished by the young monarch, was empire reaching from the slopes of the the safeguarding of the throne and in- Alps on the south, to the shores of the tegrity of the Swedish nation. Denmark, Baltic on the north; from the waveworn the nearest, and so most formidable sands of the Atlantic on the west, to enemy, must first be vanquished before the valley of the Danube on the east; a he could turn his attention to the broader people torn with internal dissensions and though, perhaps, less praiseworthy object 'rivalries, hard pressed by the yoke of of making Sweden a world power. It was the law, and vacillating between desire not easy to oust a power that had already and necessity. Truly, it was a condition gained a foothold in Sweden and con- to make the stoutest man quail. trolled the seas, yet, within six years, "And how," someone might ask, "was he was able to conclude peace with King our hero equipped for this task?" King Christian. The terms were hard, to be Charles IX died in 1611 and left him sure, but it left him free to act against T THE SPECTRUM. 105

Sigismund of Poland, who was a constant Baltic, but not the crown of the Holy cause for alarm. Roman Empire." From the Polish war we may date the Let us consider our hero as he stands, -1 advent of Gustavus into European af- near the end of the year 1631 in the cen- fairs. From the intercourse it brought ter of Germany; on one side Vienna, the him into with the politicians of other throne of the Holy Roman Empire, al- nations, he gained an insight into the most defenseless; on the other Nurem- plans and ambitions of the emperor. berg, a small town threatened by the wild Looking far beyond the scope of vision plundering hordes of Tilly; on the one of all his contemporaries save, perhaps, side honor, power, glory—all that is dear Richelieu, he saw that it would only be a to a soldier's heart,—on the other, his question of time when the feeble Protest- plighted word, hands stretched out to him ant opposition in Germany would be in mute appeal, the memory of Magde- beaten down and the armies of Maximilian burg. He did not waver. Suppressing be standing on the shores of the Baltic, any ambitious thoughts that may have making that monarch the ruler over the arisen within him, he hastened to the greater portion of Central Europe. Even aid of the beleaguered city. Honor be to more than this: Wallenstein openly him forever that he chose the path of avowed his intention of building a navy duty, not glory. on the coast of Pomerania to harass the Despite opposing forces, hunger and northern kingdoms. Gustavus saw that, sickness, the constant wranglings of half- not only to save the Protestant religion, hearted allies, and the disappointments but to protect his own throne and gov- caused by trusted friends, Gustavus, ernment, he must take a hand in the through the force of his own wonderful great struggle. The man who, in 1624, personality, held his little army together refused to take part in the war unless and continued his triumphant march support was guaranteed him by France through Germany to the fatal' field of and England, even though his old enemy, Lutzen.' There the Protestant cause, Christian, would • assist him, was, six though victorious in arms, lost its most years later, willing to attack single- ardent champion; the world, a great war- handed a foe whom even England and rior, a greater man. While the armies France were loath to encounter. of Wallenstein and Pappenheim were Some writers have maintained that fleeing in confusion over the surround- Gustavus was ambitious, that his aim was, ing country, his few surviving veterans, not so much to revive the dying embers weary and covered with wounds, carried of Protestantism, as to gain for Sweden the monarch's body to the small village new lands and dependencies, and for him- church of Lutzen, where the village self the emperor's crown. And even if .schoolmaster read the service for the it were so, should it be regarded as so dead. Far into the night they passed by much of a crime, when in those days in slow procession, those stalwart com- the best thing that could be said of a manders and soldiers of the Saxon . and monarch was that he had proved himself Swedish armies; and the tears stole a great soldier; when Russia, England, slowly down their rugged cheeks as they France and Spain were all trying to see viewed the sad remains of their beloved who could regain control of the largest monarch. The day was won, but the portion of their neighbor's territory'? victory was dearly bought. But it was not ambition that led him In the Riddarholm Church in Stock- on. Oxenstjerna his great chancellor and holm, in a marble sarcophagus sur- adviser, said after Gustavus's death: "A rounded by the standards captured dur- great northern power, if you will; a de- ing the Thirty Years War, lies the dust pendency of Sweden on the shores of the of Gustavus Adolphus. Day by day, and 106 THE SPECTRUM. year by year, men pass through the great day and today agitated the world will, vaulted nave, pause a moment before the a brief century or two hence, have paled hero's tomb, then pass on out into the into insignificance besides those that the humdrum, noise and confusion of a busy future will have brought. And still as world. Empires spring into existence, long as the world endures, as long as rise to the heights of power, and then truth and faith have a place upon our decline and disappear and others spring planet, the name of Gustavus Adolphus up in their place. Old ideas give way will be honored as that of one of the to the new, and these in turn are super- earliest champions of religious tolera- seded by others as civilization and knowl- tion. edge increase. The questions that yester- ADOLPH MIKKELSON.

A May Morning Walk.

"You will have to arise now, if you ing my lungs again and again with the want to see the aarhaneleg,' for I have delicious odor of spring. The sweet morn- heard the call of one of them already." ing air seemed to have a magic influence With these words I was awakened by on me, for all the things I looked at had my father at 2 o'clock on a May morn- a certain charm which I, who had seen ing in 1894. these scenes so many times before, had I had told father to awaken me at this not noticed till today. time, because I wanted to see the " aar- The brooks made a pleasing harmoni- haneleg" which I had heard so much ous noise, as they hurried from stone to about, but never seen, and since father stone, and even the little gray sparrows had seen a number of birds engaged in which had looked so homely, now, since this play the previous morning, I thought, the spring birds had returned, had a I could perhaps see one this •morning. certain elegance as they fluttered from The aarhane, which is in the habit of shrub to shrub. The spruce trees, too, coming together in flocks and playing had a dignified appearance as they gently what people in Norway call "aarhane- tossed their green crowns in the gentle leg" is a bird found quite extensively in morning breeze. Norway and Sweden. It belongs to the In this mood I kept on towards the hill- same family as the hen. The female bird top and was not far away from the place is about the size and color of a prairie where father had seen the birds the pre- chicken, but the male is three halves the vious morning, when, as I turned, I saw size of the female. It is the male birds something which held me spellbound for only which engage in what may be called quite a while. Never before or after- a bird football game, while the females wards did I see anything more beauti- always occupy the nearest treetops as ful than what I saw as .I looked down spectators. upon the silent fiord (the breeze up in my Just as I was ready to leave the room altitude had not reached the surface of I heard a second "cucuruck, cucuruck" the fiord) that morning. and to my great delight, I noticed that For there at the bottom of the fiord I it came from the place where father had beheld a fairy land mountain, all parts of seen the birds the morning before. As which seemed to 'be alive and gently roll- soon as I heard this, I rushed through the ing back and forth. The mountain door and started towards the hillside, fill- pointed downwards and below the top the THE SPECTRUM. 107 reddened sky could be seen. The top yards from where I was hiding. There was covered with snow, which the first were about forty birds, apparently divid- rays of the morning sun made glitter ed into two parties, each with a bird like diamondp. The few dark rocks much larger than the ordinary birds as which out of pure impatience had broken a leader. Judging from the loud ap- through this glittering blanket, made a plause from females in the tree tops, the striking contrast to the surrounding bril- game was now at its height, and a lively iancy. Farther up the mountain-side, game it was. At times all the birds were where the snow had disappeared and the together in one bunch, then again they rays of the sun had not yet come, the would be scattered all over the place. dwarf-like trees looked like the jotuns 'of Sometimes two and•two would be wrest- old, made uneasy by the approaching ling together, while others again were light. Above this again was a belt of practicing some new methods of tackling. pine trees, stretching up to the very base But if the game had looked anything like of the mountain. This dark-blue moving a football game before, it seemed now mass was pierced here and there by much more so. A quarrel arose, and soon numerous petty water falls, which added the whole flock was fighting. The battle greatly to the beauty of the belt. grew wilder and wilder, and I don't I was brought out of this enchantment, know how it would have ended, had _not if I may call it so, by hearing a noise a warning cry been heard from the spec- from behind. It was the "aarhaneleg" tators. which had begun. I started to run to- At this cry all the birds except the ward the noise, 'but soon fOund it neces- two leaders left for higher and. safer sary to come down to a careful places. The leaders were too excited to walk in order to escape the searching notice the warning cry; they kept on eyes of the female birds, which be- fighting. The noise of a breaking 'branch sides being mere spectators, also had caused me to look up, and there was a big the mission of watching for any outside fox. Just at this juncture another cry danger. I succeeded in getting to a spot was heard from the tree tops. "Mikkel" from where I could overlook the cleared jumped toward the birds, but he was too place where the birds were playing, just late; the second warning had been ef- as the rays of the morning sun came fective and the two birds flew away not there. more than a foot in front of "Mikkel's" The game took place in the middle of nose. this cleared spot and not more than thirty DANIEL J. GLOMSET. '

A Senior's Plea.

"Dear Father, once you said: 'My son, To manhood you have grown; Make others trust you, trust yourself, And learn to stand alone! ' Now, father, soon I graduate, And those who long have shown How well they trust me, want their pay, And I can stand a loan." —Ex. 108 THE SPECTRUM.

The Race Problem.

"The souls of black folk have found of which would gladly lay down his life a Voice. Listen to its words as they in defense of the "old flag" must aspire come warm from the inmost depths of t,) the smallest office in his country's this down-trodden race: service. "There in the King's Highway sat and Though the EmanCipation Proclama- sits a figure, veiled and bowed, by which t:on of '63 freed the negro, yet it left the traveler's footsteps hasten as they behind it the seeds of this social and go. On the tainted air broods fear. political strife;. seeds which springing Three centuries that have been the rais- ;nto life, appeared in many forms of op- ing and unveiling of that bowed human ntession and cruelty to the negro, as well heart; and now behold a century, new for as in the excesses of the freed-men. This the duty and the deed. The problem of gave rise to the Reconstruction Ac,-t which the twentieth century is the problem of invested in the federal government "the . the color line." rg]it of providing efficient government "How does it feel to be a problem," for the insuTreetionary states." is a question which has been asked for Then came the days of the reconstruc- the last half century. Today the same tion which were to the South a veritable query comes from within the ranks of "reign of terror." They can never be that very race which is the occasion of blotted from the memory of the South- national doubt and perplexity. erner. The negro was not to blame for With this racial consciousness of self those torrible :lays; he was hut the tool has come the desire for a wider liberty the hands of men who used aim for and more clearly defined rights. The their own 1. olitical aggrandizement, --in black race is no longer content to be held the hands of the Northern -carpetbagger. in a sort of semi-bondage by the South. These men, selfish; cruel, remorseless, had But as American citizens, they demand no thought for the good of either their the ballot; which has even by law been Anglo-Saxon brethren or the struggling denied them in some states, and also the race of blacks. But we need not dwell right to enter the professions and become on those days. What must they not have leaders as well as followers of men. been, when the reins of government were Opposed to these there are the claims thrust into the hands of a race enfeebled of the southern white man: ' • The ne- physically, mentally and morally by those gro must do our manual labor. He will 300 years of slavery preceded by count- not work unless we make him and there- less centuries of barbarism in the jungles fore peonage is just and proper." He of Africa'? To the ills which were a part views the blacks only through the veil of of his wild life there are added those social prejudice; and, therefore exclaims: Nshich arose from the conditions in which "A man of that color can never be my he was placed here: equal. He must not have the same right with me of the ballot. He must, not "For we have gone forth have the privilege of higher education, And borne to distant tribes slavery and for that would make him still more pangs, discontented with his conditions. Booker And, deadlier far, our vice, whose deep T. Washington, the purest, strongest and taint noblest representative of his race must With slow perdition, murders the whole not sit at dinner with President Roose- man, velt! Not one of this race, any member Ms body and his soul." THE SPECTRUM. 109

But there has been a great change in is it true that man liveth not alone by the South since the days of the carpet- bread, then and not till then will the bagger. The Southerner is once more light of a brighter day shine upon the supreme. The negro tills the soil, while black folk. the white man rules the nation. Yet, When the whites of the North work prosperity but brings the question hand in hand with the whites of the nearer. In this day and age when Am- South, helping them to realize their erica means opportunity to the white plans, penetrating to the very heart of man, some more aspiring ones of that the black belt, teaching the ignorant, other race are sure to grasp the fact that shiftless negro how to improve his land it should mean opportunity for the black and make himself independent, then Man also. Believing this and trying to and only then will the shadows clear away rise, they are prevented by a barrier of and in accordance with the spirit of our social prejudice. Shall we help them to nation,—liberty of development, equali- tear down that barrier; or shall we build ty before the law, fraternity, a common it higher and turn them back disappoint- fellowship binding all together—the prob- ed to sink into the Slough of Despond ? lem of the races will be solved. We must decide! For, "the problem of Almost a century and a half ago, way the twentieth century is the problem of back in the days of slavery, there lived the color line." in England a poet whose heart went out Some vain dreamers would solve the in sympathy toward the souls of the problem by transporting to some islands black folk. Do not these simple lines of the sea the entire race of blacks, or foreshadow an ideal, still unrealiLed, but by setting aside some section of the sure of ultimate fulfillment? United States to serve as ,an asylum. This would be but a repetition of the wrong My mother bore me in the Southern wild, against the Indian multiplied a thou- And I am black, but, oh, my soul is sand fold. The transportation of the white; blacks would be similar to England's White as an angel is the English child, crime against the French in Nova Sco- But I am black, as if bereaved of light. tia, only a thousand fold greater in hor- My mother taught me underneath a tree, ror and atrocity. Think, too, of such a • And sitting down before the heat of crime against a whole race committed in day, the full light of the twentieth century. She took me on her lap and kissed me, We must then search further for our And, pointing to the East, began to solution of this problem. How are these say: ten millions of blacks to ,live among seventy millions of whites—among them, "Look on the rising sun; there God does yet apart; for all voices unite in saying live, there can be no amalgamation of the And give his light and gives his heat white and black races. Since this is away, true, the negro cannot be debarred from And flowers and trees and beasts and higher education. Booker Washington men receive is undoubtedly promoting the welfare of Comfort in morning, joy in the noon- his people by his efforts to educate them day. industrially. Industrial education is what the majority must have, but when this "And we are put on earth a little space, is supplemented with higher education That we may learn to bear the beams for the few that may become profession- of love, als and leaders; when we realize that And these black bodies, and this sunburnt of the negro no less than of the white face . 110 THE SPECTRUM.

Are but a cloud, and like a shady When I from black and he from white grove. cloud free And round the tent of God like lambs "For when our souls have learned the we joy. heat to bear, The cloud will vanish, we shall hear I'll shade him from the heat till he can his voice bear Saying, 'Come out from the grove, my To lean in joy upon our Father's knee; love and care, And I will stand and stroke his silver And round my golden tent like lambs hair rejoice '." And be like him and he will then love Me. Thus did my mother say and kissed me, SOPHA THOMAS, '04. And thus I say to little English boy;

Our Exchange Table.

Our exchanges of the past month are, by and for its students. The short article perhaps, the most interesting of the concerning the work of Jacob A. Riis as a year. They contain reports of the vari- practical politician acrd reformer is in- ous oratorical contests and debates teresting. The exchange department is throughout the several states. By read- well conducted and shows that the head ing these reports one may learn much re- of that department is interested in his garding the different associations and work. debating clubs, their organization and purposes. Furthermore, many of the Sr. Francisco M. Rodequez, director exchanges are special numbers, such as of the Museo Nacional, City of Mexico, Junior annuals or class numbers, and, reports several interesting discoveries of consequently, contain some very interest- ancient remains in the Valley of Mexico. ing material. In the southeastern part of the valley a number of hieroglyphic inscriptions cut in The Normal Oracle contains a very the rock have been found. In the south- "meaty" article entitled "The Keystone western part of the valley Mr. Rodequez of the Mind," *owing how, through the has discovered the remains of ancient fruits of his imagination, more than by habitation sites in nearly a score of any of his other faculties, "Man has places, and also rock inscriptions which risen from the forlorn cave dweller to seem to date back to a remote epoch. an inhabitant of a perfectly appointed home." It is interesting to note the contrast- ing views of military training as a part The Blue and Gold is one of our neatest of education accepted by two of our lead- exchanges, though not the largest. The ing exchanges. J. A. Johnson in the Nor- contents are of such a nature as to mal Oracle of V. C. N., North Dakota, de- appeal more to the students of the "Col- clares that military drill should begin in lege on the Hill" than to one not con- the sixth year of the public schools and nected with that institution, and such continue through the college course. He should be the case, for it is published contends that such training would be !Tr

THE SPECTRUM.

equivalent to one year of military train- The University of Arizona Monthly is ing as given in regular service, and that one of the few college magazines that after a few generations of enforced dis- are readable from cover to cover. In cipline it would be hard to find a round- looldng over this well edited magazine shouldered, hollow-chested person or one we find in the literary columns a happy who had not learned the value of punctu interspersal of several good poems be- ality. •tween numerous excellent articles, ora- L. N. Jensen in the Industrial Collegian tions and stories. The story of "James .44 of S. D. A. C. takes the stand that edu- Hobart—Tenderfoot" deserves special cational institutions should not be con- mention. Its literary style shows con- verted into military academies, and that clusively that its author must have spent five or six courses under a competent some time upon its construction. The commander is as much military as. a exchange department, also, is handled in state college should require. He further a pleasing manner. contends that militarism, as a principle, does not belong in our ideas of °civiliza- A laugh is just like sunshine: tion, as it is, in reality, only a relic of It freshens all the day, barbarism. As for physical training, the It tips the peaks of life with light, gymnasium is quite as efficient as mili- And drives the clouds away; tary. The soul grows glad that hears it, And feels its courage strong— • The Industrial Collegian of S. D. A. C. A laugh is just like sunshine contains an excellent article on the life For cheering folks along. and works of William McKinley, but, —Ex. like many other productions of this type, lays too much stress on the immediate "Go to my father," was all that she change in conditions when he took the said; • oath of office. In the department of And she knew that .I knew that her father "Science" is a short discussion on the was dead; properties of radium, which is really an And she knew that I knew what a gay epitome of an article by Cleveland Mof- life he led; fett in McClure's Magazine, November, And she knew that I knew what she 1903. Under the head of "Exchange meant when she said: and Miscellaneous" we find a collection " Gn to my father." —Ex. of jokes, good, bad and indifferent, but nothing more. There once was a boy in Chicago, Who tried to play If.andel's old largo On his small brother's head! The Russian government has offered a With a pipe made of lead— reward of approximately $25,000 to any Some notes Were heard 'way out in one discovering some way to render alco- Fargo. hol undrinkable. —Life. Fond Parent—" I understand the fac- "Dear old Sadie. is dead and gone ulty are very much pleased with your And we '11 never see her more, work." For what she thought was I-120, Dropped. Junior—"Yes, they encored Was 112804."—Ex. . my sophomore year. "—Ex. 112 THE SPECTRUM.

COLLEGE DIRECTORY. Students' John A. Swenson. President The SPECTRUM. OrganizatiOn 1 Sopha Thomas Secretary Athletic John Swenson President Published Monthly by the Students of the Association Oliver Dynes Secretary North Dakota Agricultural College. Agricultural M. H. Fallis President Club W. 0. Perry Secretary 5 M. H. ,Fallis President Entered at the Postoffice at Agricultural Y. M. C. A. A. Mikkleson Secretary College, N. D., as second-class mail matter. Edith Hill Edith Fowler President Club ? Mary Hill Secretary TERMS. One year, prepaid, - - $ .75 Single copies, .10 Subscribers are requested to give prompt notice of any non-delivery or delay in deliv- Editorial. ery of magazines. All communications to be addressed to Business Department, "THE SPECTRUM," . It is remarkable what an energetic . Agricultural College, N. D. canvass the different colleges, universi- EDITORIAL STAFF. ties, and especially the professional William if. Westergaard, '04, Editor in Chief schools, are carrying on at the present Fred G. Birch, '06, - Business Manager Chas. W. Van Horn, '07, Ass't Business Mgr. time in their efforts to secure new stu- dents. While this form of competition ASSISTANT EDITORS. exists at all times, it. is especially keen A. Mikkelson, '05 Literary now and will continue so until the open- Dora Jensen, '04 Li'terary Katie Jensen, '04 Local ing of these institutions in fall. Can- Harry D. Porter, '05 Local William Porter, '06. Local didates for the Freshman class are Emily E. May, '06 Exchange sought by the college in every academy Sopha I. Thomas, '04 General Science Edith Fowler, '04 General Science and high school. All classes of the col- Chas. W. Van Horn, '07 Athletic Anna Stapleton, '03 Alumni loge are again canvassed for first year students by the professional schools of MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY AND law, medicine, pharmacy and engineering, OTHER OFFICERS. as well as the various business colleges The names of professors, assistant profes- and short course institutions. This sors, instructors and other officers are placed in their appropriate divisions, according to movement has two aspects—one good and their term of appointment and length of con- tinuous service, with present. rank. the other bad. It is . well that students Pres. J. H. Worst, LL.D.....916 7th St. N. should te urged to attend college. Many 1104 13th St. N. E. F. Ladd, B. S. would not go to colege at all, if they C. B. Waldron, B. S 1223 11th Ave. N. H. L. Bolley, M. S. 701 10th Ave. N. were not urged to go to some particular E. S. Keene, B. S 1028 7th St. N. J. H. Sheppard, M. S. A 1018 7th St. N. college. It is also quite natural that L. H. W. McArdle, B. S. 224 8th St. N. a student should be anxious to have his E. E. Kaufman, B. Agr. . 914 1st Ave. N. James Ulio, Captain U. S. A..100 9th St. N. friends attend the Institution which he G. B. Ault, A. M. 821 7th St. N. L. Van Es, M. D., V. S.. ..r.1025 7th St. N. favors. It often happens, however, that Daniel E. Willard, A. M 1014 7th St. N. in the effort to secure students the Susan M. Reid 701 10th Ave. N. I'. S." Rose. B. S. 1113 11th St. N. institution is misrepresented. The alum- Frederick B. Lindsay, A. M..211 10th Ave. N. ni, students and faculty, in their efforts .T. H. Norton 1223 11th Ave. N. • L. R. Waldron, M. A 1304 11th Ave. N. to secure students present the college Max Batt, Ph. D. 211 10th St. N. J. C. McDowell, B. Agr.....1021 11th St. N. after the manner of the commercial trav- Amy Nichol 703 10th Ave. N. -trade. This is de- A. H. Parrott 1223 11th Ave. N. eler drumming up Charles H. Kimberly, M 5...916 7th St. N. cidedly wrong. The new student on J. G. Halland, A. M. 621 10th Ave. N. E. 13. Cochems, A. B. Prescott Hotel arrival finds things altogether different C. S. Putnam, M. D. 701 10th Ave. N. from his expectations and, consequently, Ethel 11IcVeety, 1016 7th. St. N. Adele Sheppard 1018 7th St. N. icy disappointed. There is usually some- Haile Chisholm 1314 1st Ave. S. George L. Tibert • thing wrong with an institution which T. F. Manna, B. S. 215 6th Ave. N. . has to resort to abnormal advertisement C. E. Nugent College House Miss Carter 118 8th St. N. and canvassing to secure students. Miss Wilson 736 9th St. N. THE SPECTRUM 113 The Bjornson "Banta Sten."

On Tuesday morning, •May 17, the and eloquent tribute to Bjornson and Bjornson "bauta sten" which had been the appropriateness of thus honoring placed on the A. , C. grounds, through him. The unveiling was gracefully per- formed by Miss Helga Trovaten, after the efforts of Dr. FjeMe and other patri- which the audience joined in singing the otic Norwegians, in honor of Bjorn- N orwegian patriotic hymn, "Ja, vi elsker stjerne Bjornson, the great Norwegian dette Landet." The Bjornson "bauta writer and statesman, was formally un- sten" was then formally presented to the eiled. The college and city was in holi- Agricultural College by Dr. Fjelde of day attire for the occasion. The build- Abercrombie. President J. H. Worst ac- ings were all tastily decorated with bunt- cepted the gift to the college in his usual ing and the flags of Norway and the able and eloquent manner. Governor 'United States. A large crowd, various- Frank White, in a short appropriate ly estimated at from three to five thou- speech, accepted the "bauta sten" on be- sand, was on the grounds at 10 o'clock half of the State of North Dakota. Rob- waiting for the program to begin. ert Dolve then closed the program by de- A large parade, led by Zimmerman's livering a well prepared oration on Bjorn- band and the Metropolitan band of Hills- son as a man. The program was inter- bc,ro, started from the Waldorf Hotel, spersed with patriotic songs and music by met the special train at the Great North-. the bands. The close attention and excel- ern depot, and marched in a body to the lent order of the large crowd was good A. C. grounds where they were met by evidence that no one went away from the A. C. band, trillium company and stu- the unveiling proceedings disappointed. dents, who escorted them to the unveil- It is certainly an honor to the A. C. ing grounds. An excellent and appro- to have this granite memorial of a worthy priate program was here rendered to a man placed on its grounds. It is an honor thoroughly appreciative audience. that many a larger institution would have Prof. .J. G. Halland handled the pro- been glad to receive. It is the first of gram and introuuced the speakers in his its kind ever erected in America. There usual apt and pleasing manner. The un- is much of inspiration to us in the life veiling speech, delivered by Hon. John W. of this Norwegian writer, politician and A.rctander of Minneapolis, was a strong reformer, Bjornstjerne Bjornson.

The Stockwell Prize Debate.

The first debating contest for the The contest was a thoroughly success- Stockwell prize was held in the college ful one. Mr. R. A. Froemke, leader on chapel May 6, 1904. The question was: the affirmative side, had his arguments "Resolved, that the United States sena- well prepared and showed ability as a tors be elected by the direct vote of the thinker in both his opening speech and people of their respeCtive states." closing one, in which he cleverly turned Affirmative. Negative. some of his opponents' points to his own Ralph A. Froemke. Harold Westergard. advantage. John A. Swenson. Carl D. Hulberg. Mr. • John A. Swenson, the second Katie Jensen. Wm. H. Westergaard. speaker for the affirmative, also had a 114 THE SPECTRUM. carefully prepared argument and the warmed to the argument; however, his Sophs. are confident he will make his ability received recognition, he being mark as a debater in the next two years. given the second prize. Miss Katie Jensen, the only young lady Mr. C. 0. Hulberg, the second speaker on the debate, had a most pleasing man- on the negative, although a beginner at ner and' won the audience at the very debating, had a well written paper. His start. Her paper was well prepared and easy delivery and his experience in ora- she was thoroughly familiar with it, all tory stood him in good stead. of which aided her in capturing the Mr. Wm. H. Westergaard was a strong first prize, which she justly merited. member of the team. He has had some Mr. Harold Westergaard, the leader on experience in this line of work and has the negative side, was at ease on the benefited by it. stage, his manner and voice were pleas- The affirmative were judged the ing, his arguments were strong and direct- stronger team. ly put. He showed that he was well in- The music by Mrs. Daniel E. Willard formed on his subject, but his time ex- and Miss Evans was very much enjoyed pired j ust as he became thoroughly by the audiende.

The Geological Excursion.

The morning of May 20, the day set for of Lake Agassiz, the McCauleyville, the long expected and often postponed Campbell and Tintah, were crossed as geological excursion, dawned clear and the train ascended the sandy plateau. pleasant: Professor Willard and his geo- From Leonard to Sheldon numerous sand logical enthusiasts, together with a num- dunes could be seen in the distance, es- ber of students from the Moorhead Nor- pecially toward the south. After Sheldon mal and the college baseball team, en- was passed the soil became less sandy and gaged a special car on the Southwestern, more undulating and morainic in char- and started at 8:30 for Lisbon. It was acter. At Lisbon the train descended certainly a jolly crowd bent on spending into the broad, deepe valley of the Shey- the day both with profit and pleasure. enne. The first twenty-five or thirty miles were In the forenoon the whole party took over the almost perfectly level bottom of a trip east of Lisbon up the bluffs on the ancient Lake Agassiz. The only breaks eastern side of the valley. From this in the monotony of such a scene were the point an excellent view could be obtained strips of timber along the Sheyenne of. the city, the great glacial valley ex- River, which appeared as a long continu- tending off toward the north and south. • ous line toward the south and west as the Professor Willard explained the most train left Fargo, and the numerous small marked geological features to the party tree clumps, tree claims, buildings, etc., as seen from the bluffs. Numerous gla- standing as proof of the ability of man cial boulders, eroded cuts, coulees, Indian to change the appearance of the land- mounds, etc., were examined and served scape by artificial means. As the train as practical lessons 'to the student. The came near Leonard the plateau of the party returned to the car a little after 12 Sheyenne Delta could be observed rising o 'clock where all partook of a most sump- to a considerable height above the level tuous dinner. Immediately after dinner of the lake bottom. The three beaches Professor Willard , led the party for a THE SPECTRUM. 115

short visit to the Soldiers' Home, and on plainly visible. Here the party broke their return all went for a short walk up, up, some being attracted by the ball the numerous.terraces west of the channel game, and others wishing to make a of the river. From the top of the last visit to the city before train time. When terrace a few morainic knobs could be the train brought back its load of weary, seen in the distance. In this same ter- sunburned excursionists in the evening, race was a bank in which a gravel pit had all were unanimous in declaring the day been dug, and the stratification was a huge success.

+++

Athletic Department.

Owing to the bad weather, the ball completely at his mercy at all stages of games at Fergus Falls were postponed the game, allowing only two hits in nine until Monday and Tuesday. innings. An error behind the bat let in Immediately on reaching the town the the only score. boys hastened to the hotel, donned their ball suits and trotted to the ball park, a Tuesday afternoon a seven inning small unfenced plot of ground. game was played with the H. S. This The line-up of the A. C. was as fol- game was a trifle more interesting than lows: the preceding game. The score was: Slingsby, captain, 3b. H. S. 5, A. C. 8. Fowler, manager, ss. Lofthouse, 2b. Watts, lb. In connection with athletics a word Quinnell, lf. might be said about the band. Palmer, cf. It seems that the Athletic Association Neilson, rf. owed the ball park authorities about $75. • Van Horn, c. The gentlemen who run the park agreed Worst, p. to cancel this debt if the Cadet band Only five innings were played. The would play for the opening of the ball score was: Park Region Luther College, season in Fargo. The band boys, with 1; A. C., 4. .• two or three exceptions, volunteered to A cold north wind made fast playing play without remuneration. an impossibility. Poor work behind the If this is not college spirit I would bat was responsible for the only score like to have somebody cite an example which the opponents gained. of it. In the afternoon the A. C. played the F. F. H. S., and took them into camp May 17-18 games were played with the by a score of 23 to. 1. The boys got Fargo league team. As was to be ex- all kinds of hits off the H. S. twirler. pected, we were 'badly beaten. The score Innumerable wild throws on the part of on the 17th with college battery, 14-0. the F. F. ladS materially added to the Score on the 18th, with league battery, score of the A. C. 5-12. With the exception of the pitcher, the line-up was the same as mentioned above. The second team met their . Waterloo at William Midgley pushed 'em across for the Concordia, College ball grounds in the A. C., and had the opposing batsmen Moorhead, on May 9. Score, 4 to 5. 116 THE SPECTRUM.

Local Happenings.

Miss Irma Cook visited the college May not fifty feet away, a field entirely purple 14. with young cactus.

The state board visited the institution Harold Westergaard bade farewell to about a week ago. the college some time ago and has taken up work for a nursery in Grand Forks. Mr. Stbne is home for a short visit, but will soon return. One of the Juniors was heard to re- mark that his path this year had been Mrs. White, the governor's wife, vis- a decidedly rough and chilly one for him. ited college last week. The faculty have given the Seniors a Mr. Norton seems to have picked the week's vacation, in order that they might first "Rose" of the season. give the finishing touches to their course.

Professor Waldron lately returned It is more than a mere rumor that one from a pleasant trip to the Bad Lands. of the younger faculty men is to be married in June to one of Fargo's fairest The Jensen girls received a visit from daughters. their father during the 17de Mai celebra- tion. First Student—"Why are the iron rails for the new street car immortal?" Mr. Mikkelson is off on the govern- Second Student—"Why, because they ment survey, and will not return for a have been born twice." couple of weeks. Several of the members of the faculty Professor Bolley is busy. putting in dropped in on the Senior cooking class his Russian samples in different parts of Thursday and devoured much of their the state. "goodies." No illness has been re- ported. The Seniors have lately been enjoying the reading of Robert Browning with Mrs. Ash, with her daughter, Ruth, Dr. Hult. returned from Minneapolis lately, and de- cided that nothing was too good for Harry Fowler is about to open a store them; so they will continue to make their in Assiniboia, N. W. T. Good luck to home in Fargo. Ruth's many friends you, Harry. welcome her back to Fargo and to the A. C. Bessie Smyth, Theresa Fields and Wil- liam Westergaard stayed over in Lisbon, The Chemical Club was entertained by after their excursion, to visit friends. Professor and Mrs. Ladd Friday evening, May 20. Mrs. Ladd, fearing that her Professor Ladd just returned from a husband had neglected to instruct his pu- trip to Jamestown. He says he was much pils in the ordinary things of life, gave surprised at seeing in one place great them a test in sight, smell and touch snow drifts packed against the fences observation and odor. Suitable prizes on one side of the track and on the other, were given to the successful ones, in the THE SPECTRUM. _ 117

way of crucibles, etc. Elaborate refresh- recent trip to Russia. Never was an ments were served and then all joined evening more enjoyed than that one. in singing the good old college songs. Professor McDowell delivered a very Mrs. Bolley a short time ago addressed interesting and instructive talk in chapel the High School students upon the sub- Monday, iv, ay 23, on the subject, "Agri- ject, "Russia." The students thorough- culture in the Rural Schools." He has ly enjoyed her interesting talk. great hopes for it in our own state.

Mr. L.—"How far does the lesson in Prof. H.—"In the Egyptian hierogly- pharmacy extend? phics each sound was represented by Mr. Cook (who was sleeping over his some animal." book) —"A little past President Mr. H.—" Well, a person's name 'then l'!orst 's. " must look like a whole menagerie."

A delightful letter was received from We were all pleasantly surprised by Tom Jensen, a former student, telling a visit from Mrs. Heath and her son, of his winter 'in Alaska. The letter was Senn. Senn is a fine boy, and we expect three months on the way, and much great things of him. Mrs. Heath goes water soaked. to spend the summer with her parents in Kansas. Harry Porter has accepted a creditable position in a bank in Minneapolis, and Three people were pleasantly seated intends to remain there until school opens upon a porch. The sun was rapidly setting. when he will attend the university. May A shadow of two figures close togethef. the good work go on, Harry. A loud cry of, "Why, your arm around her." A quick answer of, "He is only Mr. D— must have been thinking deep- killing mosquitoes." ly about SPECTRUM matters when he absent-mindedly walked past his board- A short time ago the Seniors and, ing.place and into the next house at din- Juniors were very pleasantly entertained ner time, or maybe he only desired a by Mrs. Allyn in honor of Miss Steph- change of diet. ens. During the evening all but four of the guests were hypnotized by Mrs. Arbor Day was not forgotten at the Allyn. Dainty refreshments in the green college. After appropriate music and an and yellow were served. Afterwards interesting talk by Professor Waldron various games were played, until it was in the chapel, the students repaired to time for the leave-taking. the campus, where each class, to the music of the band, planted an elm tree, Tuesday evening, May 10, the Seniors to keep green their memory at the old were very pleasantly entertained by the A. C. Juniors. The reception room was very prettily decorated with flags and flowers. The Seniors were royally entertained B ere the guests, consisting of some mem- at dinner by Professor and Mrs. Bolley. bers of the faculty and Seniors, were de- The table was festive in the college col- lightfully entertained with music, games ors. In a basket of yellow and green and reminiscences of the professors' col- were gifts, with fortunes attached, for lege days. The dining room was a . each one of the Seniors. After dinner bower of beauty. The color scheme was Professor and Mrs. Bolley showed the royal purple and white, Senior class col- class the pictures that they took on their ors. After partaking of dainty refresh- 118 THE SPECTRUM. meats, the guests soon departed, each gravel pits. They, of course, took ad- pronouncing the Juniors royal hostS and vantage of it and a royal snowball fight hostesses. ensued.

Miss Mears of the Moorhead Normal There have been several recent promo- fcrtunately chose the same day to take tions in the band. Chas. Van Horn was her class to Lisbon as did Mr. Willard, pi omoted to principal musician, vice A. G. and the young folks of the two institu- Nickles, resigned. Van Horn's promo- tions became acquainted. They hope that tion made Sergeant Birdh second ser- they may again meet at another geo- geant, and Thorne third sergeant. Cor- logical jaunt. poral Aiken was promoted to fourth ser- geant, and Walter G. Allen to be a cor- Dr. •Hult; (to student who wants to poral. ti make up English outside of class) —"I think you had better make up algebra outside of class. You can have that bet- The college orchestra furnished the ter in hand." music for the student dance April 15, Van—"I may have it in hand, but I'll and acquitted itself creditably. There has be ! ! ! !, if I can get it in my head." been a sad lack of college loyalty on the part of a few students in the matter of Professor Willard took his geology giving the college orchestra the job of class to Lisbon May SO to, see, among playing for college functions.- This, no other things, the sand (—t). Notwith- doubt, will be eliminated in the future as standing the extreme heat of the day, that there is more loyalty evident and the brought most of the girls back freckled, slogan, "A. C. for A. C.," resounds on the class found snow in some of the campus and halls.

Former Students of N. D. A. C.

E. D. Stewart, '01, is studying law at College of Music, and is making a good Madison, Wis. record in vocal work.

C. 0. Follet, '98, has been promoted John P. Beaton is trave1ng for ,a tr. "buyer" for the Fargo Mercantile Fargo machinery firm. Co. Mabel Spencer will teach fourth grade Miss Iona Senn is in Chicago College in White Sulphur Springs, Mont., next of Music, devoting her time to the vio- year at $95 a month. She expects to visit lin and piano. Fargo this summer. L. B. Green, '01, is continuing his med- ical course in Ann Arbor, Mich. Lee Beaver W. Day has received notice expects to be a Dr. in June. that his application has been accepted and he has been regularly admitted to Miss Bertha Curtis graduated . from the University of Pennsylvania course in the Moorhead Normal School a year ago. architecture. His standings from the A. She has spent one year in the Chicago C. were given full credit. THE SPECTRUM.

R. S. Lewis, President J. W. VonNieda, Cashier Fred A. Irish, Assistant Cashier I Red River Valley National Bank Capital and Surplus $150,000.00 • Interest paid on time deposits. Accounts • of wercli:ier- and no,i,e•7:-, me!: solicited. Fargo, N. Dail.. i

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WINNER OF SECOND PLACE IN THE INTERSTATE ORATORICAL CONTEST