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Tradition and Modern ²ìºî îºðîºðÚ²Ü - 75 ØÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ·Çï³ÅáÕáí-÷³é³ïáÝ ²ì²Ü¸àôÚ ºì Üàð²ðàôÂÚàôÜ ÀÂÅÒ ÒÅÐÒÅÐßÍ - 75 Ìåæäóíàðîäíàÿ êîíôåðåíöèÿ-ôåñòèâàëü ÒÐÀÄÈÖÈÈ È ÍÎÂÀÒÎÐÑÒÂÎ AVET TERTERYAN - 75 International symposium-festival TRADITION AND MODERN §²ðÖºÞ¦ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ ºðºì²Ü - 2005 Ðî¸ 78¥479.25¤+891.981-6 Ìàðê Àðàíîâñêèé ¶Ø¸ 85.31¥2Ф Ñëîâî îá Àâåòå Òåðòåðÿíå ² 774 Ñåãîäíÿ, ïî ïðîøåñòâèè ðÿäà ëåò, â ðåòðîñïåêòèâå ìóçûêè XX ñòî- ëåòèÿ îñîáåííî ÿñíî ñòàíîâèòñÿ “êòî åñòü êòî” è ÷åé âêëàä îáðåòàåò ÊÙµ³·ñ³Ï³Ý ÏáÉ»·Ç³ Editorial board èñòèííóþ öåííîñòü. Ãîâîðÿ î Òåðòåðÿíå, ìû âñåãäà îòìå÷àëè ÿðêóþ íî- âèçíó åãî ìûøëåíèÿ, ñâåæåñòü åãî èäåé, ñîâðåìåííîñòü åãî ìóçûêàëü- ²ÙÇñ˳ÝÛ³Ý èáµ»ñï Amirkhanyan Robert íîãî ÿçûêà. Ñåãîäíÿ ìíå õîòåëîñü áû ïîä÷åðêíóòü äðóãîå êà÷åñòâî åãî ²ñ¨ß³ïÛ³Ý ²Ýݳ Arevshatyan Anna ñèìôîíèçìà, êîòîðîå ñî âðåìåíåì ïðîñòóïàåò âñå áîëåå îò÷åòëèâî è Êáõ¹³µ³ßÛ³Ý Î³ñÇÝ» Khudabashyan Karine îñîçíàåòñÿ êàê åäâà ëè íå îñíîâíîå. Ìíå ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ, ÷òî ñèìôî- æ³Õ³óå³ÝÛ³Ý Î³ñÇÝ» Jaghatspanyan Karine íèçì Òåðòåðÿíà ïîêîèòñÿ íà ìîùíîì “ãåîëîãè÷åñêîì” ïëàñòå êëàññè- èáõËÏÛ³Ý Ø³ñ·³ñÇï Rukhkyan Margarit ÷åñêîé ìóçûêàëüíîé òðàäèöèè. Ïðè âñåì åãî íîâàòîðñòâå, íåîáû÷íîñòè ê³ñÛ³Ý ²ñ³ùëÇ Saryan Araxi ðåøåíèé æàíðà è ôîðìû ñèìôîíèè, ñâîåîáðàçèè ïðèìåíÿâøèõñÿ èì ²í»ïÇëÛ³Ý Ü³ñÇÝ» Avetisyan Narine ñðåäñòâ, Òåðòåðÿí ñîõðàíèë âåðíîñòü ãëàâíîìó: ñèìôîíèÿ â åãî òâîð- ÷åñòâå îñòàâàëàñü “êàðòèíîé ìèðà”, ãëóáîêèì ôèëîñîôñêèì âûñêàçûâà- íèåì.  ýòî âûñêàçûâàíèå íàäî áûëî âíèìàòåëüíî è íàïðÿæåííî âñëó- øèâàòüñÿ, îíî íå ñðàçó îòêðûâàëî ñâîè òàéíû: íàäî áûëî ïîäîáðàòü ê íåìó êëþ÷, èáî çàêëþ÷åííûå â íåì ñìûñëû áûëè ýçîòåðè÷íû; òðåáîâà- ëè ìîáèëèçàöèè âñåãî èíòåëëåêòà è ñïîñîáíîñòè ñëóõà ñëûøàòü çà íåî- ² 774 §²í³Ý¹áõÛà ¨ Ýáñ³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõݦ: ²í»ï î»ñï»ñÛ³Ý 75© - ºñ.« áû÷íîé ôîðìîé äàâíèå, èäóùèå èç äðåâíîñòè èäåè áûòèÿ. Ñìûñëû íå ²ñ׻߫ 2005« 176 ¿ç: ïðèâíîñèëèñü â åãî ìóçûêó ñ ïîìîùüþ ïðèâû÷íûõ àññîöèàöèé — îíè ÄáÕáí³ÍáõÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáõÙ ¿ ²í»ï î»ñï»ñÛ³ÝÇ ÍÝÝ¹Û³Ý 75- âûðàñòàëè èç ñàìîãî çâó÷àíèÿ, èç “æèçíè çâóêà”, æèçíè áîãàòîé è ðàç- ³ÙÛ³ÏÇÝ ÝíÇñí³Í г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÏáÙåá½ÇïáñÝ»ñÇ ¨ »ñ³Åßï³- íîîáðàçíîé è â òî æå âðåìÿ òàèíñòâåííîé è ìíîãîçíà÷íîé. Çâóêîâûå ·»ïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó 2004 é ÑáÏï»Ùµ»ñÇ 17-30 ºñ¨³ÝáõÙ êîíöåïöèè Òåðòåðÿíà ãðàíäèîçíû è êîñìè÷íû. Îíè îõâàòûâàþò îãðîì- ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåí³Í ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ·Çï³ÅáÕáí-÷³é³ïáÝÇÝ Ý»ñϳ- Û³óí³Í ½»ÏáõóáõÙÝ»ñÝ »ñ»ù É»½íáí: íûå ïðîñòðàíñòâà — îò èñêîííûõ, äðåâíåéøèõ ôîðì æèçíè Çåìëè (âñïîìíèì çâó÷àíèÿ íàðîäíûõ èíñòðóìåíòîâ â åãî ñèìôîíèÿõ) äî ñëîæ- íåéøèõ çâóêîâûõ ôëóêòóàöèé, êîòîðûå âûçûâàþò ïðåäñòàâëåíèÿ î ïðî- öåññàõ, ïðîòåêàþùèõ â Êîñìîñå, â íåâèäèìûõ ñëîÿõ ìàòåðèè. È íåò ëè â ýòîì ñîåäèíåíèè “çåìíîãî è íåáåñíîãî” òîãî, èäóùåãî èç äðåâíîñòè, ïîíèìàíèÿ ìóçûêè, êàê âîïëîùåíèÿ îáùèõ çàêîíîâ Çåìëè, ×åëîâåêà è ² 4905000000 2005 ¶Ø¸ 85.3¥2Ф Êîñìîñà? 822¥01¤-2005 Îöåíèâàÿ òâîð÷åñòâî Òåðòåðÿíà ñåãîäíÿ, êîãäà îòãðåìåëè ïóøå÷íûå çàëïû àâàíãàðäà, ïîíèìàåøü, ÷òî, íåñìîòðÿ íà åãî òåõíè÷åñêóþ áëè- çîñòü ñ àâàíãàðäîì, ýòîãî õóäîæíèêà ñòîðîíîé îáîøëà çàìàí÷èâàÿ, íî, â êîíå÷íîì ñ÷åòå, áåñïåðñïåêòèâíàÿ èãðà â çâóêîâûå êîíñòðóêöèè. Øòó- êàðñòâî è ïîãîíÿ çà íîâèçíîé âî ÷òî áû òî íè ñòàëî íå çàìàíèëè åãî â ISBN 99930-825-9-7 ñâîè ñåòè. Òåðòåðÿí îñòàëñÿ âåðíûì ìóçûêå êàê äóõîâíîé ôîðìå áû- òèÿ, òîìó íåèçáûâíîìó ñâîéñòâó ìóçûêàëüíîãî èñêóññòâà, áëàãîäàðÿ êî- òîðîìó îíî âñåãäà îñòàâàëîü íåîáõîäèìûì ÷åëîâå÷åñòâó. Ýòî — íîâàÿ ¡ г۳ëï³ÝÇ ÏáÙåá½ÇïáñÝ»ñÇ ¨ »ñ³Åßï³·»ïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ« 2005é äóõîâíîñòü, äóõîâíîñòü â âûñøåì ñìûñëå ñëîâà. Ìóçûêà ðàñêðûâàåò â ¡ Hall of Composers’ & Musicologists’ Union of Armenia, 2005 – 3 – åãî ñèìôîíèÿõ îíòîëîãè÷åñêèå ñâîéñòâà, íîâûå àñïåêòû ñâîåãî âðåìåí- Ìàðãàðèòà Ðóõêÿí íîãî è ïðîñòðàíñòâåííîãî ñóùåñòâîâàíèÿ, ýòèì â ÷åì-òî îíà ñîçâó÷íà Ïîçíàíèå òðàäèöèé: îáðàòíàÿ ñâÿçü èäåÿì ñîâðåìåííîé ôèçèêè. Ìóçûêà Òåðòåðÿíà — ÿðêèé, çàïîìèíàþùèéñÿ ãîëîñ ñâîåãî âðåìå- Õóäîæíèêà ôîðìèðóåò ñàìà æèçíü, âíåøíÿÿ ñðåäà, ÷òî, ïî ñóòè äå- íè. Íî ÿ âåðþ, ÷òî îíà ñîõðàíèò ñâîé äóõîâíûé è õóäîæåñòâåííûé ïî- ëà, ïåðåðàáàòûâàåòñÿ â òâîð÷åñòâå êàê ñàìûé öåííûé ìàòåðèàë è äëÿ òåíöèàë è äëÿ áóäóùåãî. ñàìîãî õóäîæíèêà, è äëÿ àäðåñàòîâ åãî òâîð÷åñòâà. Æèçíü ñàìà ïðåäñòàåò â îõâàòå òðàäèöèé è íîâàòîðñòâà, è ñâÿçü ýòà, îñìûñëåííàÿ, Ì. Àðàíîâñêèé êàê åñòåñòâåííûé ïðîöåññ, îòðàæàåòñÿ â èñêóññòâå êàæäîãî õóäîæíèêà â ñîîòâåòñòâèè ñ ìåðîé åãî âîñïðèÿòèÿ ðåçîíàíñà ýòèõ ïîíÿòèé. Íîâàòîðñòâî â èñêóññòâå — ýòî êàòåãîðèÿ ìûøëåíèÿ, à íå ôàêòîð ìåõàíè÷åñêîãî ïðèîáùåíèÿ ê ìåòîäàì ñîâðåìåííîé òåõíèêè ïèñüìà. Òî÷íî òàê æå, êàê è ïîçèòèâíûé îïûò ïðèîáùåíèÿ ê òðàäèöèÿì, îíî ëå- æèò íå íà ïóòè èõ èëëþñòðàöèè èëè öèòèðîâàíèÿ, à òâîð÷åñêîãî èõ ïîñòèæåíèÿ. “Âûñøåå ñòðåìëåíèå äóõà — ïîðîæäàòü èäåè, âîçâûøàþùèåñÿ íàä ìàòåðèàëüíûì è êîíå÷íûì”,— ïèñàë Ô.Øåëëèíã. Íàâåðíîå, òàê îäóõî- òâîðåííîå íîâàòîðñòâî âîçâûøàåòñÿ íàä òðàäèöèÿìè. Âîçâûøàåòñÿ è â òî æå âðåìÿ îïèðàåòñÿ íà íèõ. Ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîå òâîð÷åñòâî âñåãäà îùóùàåò äèñòàíöèþ ìåæäó íà- ðîäíûì, òðàäèöèîííûì è ñîâðåìåííûì, íîâàòîðñêèì. È ýòà äèñòàí- öèÿ — ãèáêîå çâåíî, ñïîñîáíîå ê ðàñøèðåíèþ ãðàíèö èëè íàîáîðîò, ê èõ ñáëèæåíèþ, ïîðîé äî ñîïðèêàñàåìîñòè. Ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîå èñêóññòâî îäóõîòâîðåíî ñîâåðøåííî èíûìè ìî- òèâàìè è ìîòèâàöèÿìè, íåæåëè íàðîäíîå. Íî îíî íå âûøå è íå íèæå íàðîäíîãî, ê êîòîðîìó âñå èñòèííûå íîâàòîðû, êàê, íàïðèìåð, Äåáþñ- ñè, Áàðòîê, Ñòðàâèíñêèé, Õà÷àòóðÿí, íàêîíåö, Òåðòåðÿí ïðîÿâëÿëè íå òîëüêî íåèçáûâíûé èíòåðåñ, íî è ãëóáî÷àéøåå óâàæåíèå. Âåðøèííûå ïåðèîäû â èñòîðèè èñêóññòâà âñåãäà îêàçûâàþòñÿ ñâÿ- çàííûìè ñ âîçðîæäåíèåì ñòàðûõ òðàäèöèé çàíîâî ïåðåîñìûñëåííûõ. “Èñêóññòâî âûõîäèò èç ãðàíèö, â êîòîðûå åãî õî÷åò âòèñíóòü âðåìÿ, è óêàçûâàåò ñîäåðæàíèå áóäóùåãî”,— ïèñàë Êàíäèíñêèé,— îäèí èç ãëàâ- íûõ íîâàòîðîâ ÕÕ âåêà. (Ë.ß. Ðåéíãàðò. Ñîâðåìåííîå çàïàäíîå èñêóññò- âî. Ì.,1983, ñ.158). Êàê æå îíî — ýòî ñîäåðæàíèå áóäóùåãî, â êîíå÷íîì ñ÷åòå, âûðà- æàåòñÿ â èñêóññòâå? — ñïðàøèâàåì ìû. Êîíå÷íî æå, íå â ïîïûòêàõ çàã- ëÿíóòü çà ãîðèçîíò âðåìåíè, à â îñìûñëåíèè ñòàðîãî, ñòàðûõ èñòèí, ñòà- ðûõ òðàäèöèé. Òîëüêî òàêèì îáðàçîì èñêóññòâî íàõîäèò ïóòü ê ñîäåð- æàíèþ áóäóùåãî, òîëüêî òàêèì îáðàçîì îíî âûõîäèò íà íîâûå ãîðèçîí- òû. Òàê ïîäíèìàëîñü Åâðîïåéñêîå Âîçðîæäåíèå,— îñòðî, ýìîöèîíàëüíî – 4 – – 5 – è ôèëîñîôñêè îñîçíàâàÿ àíòè÷íîå èñêóññòâî, åãî èñòîðèþ è åãî èäåà- Òàê æå êîíöåïöèîííî, Òåðòåðÿí âêëþ÷àåò â ñâîè ñèìôîíèè êàìàí÷ó, ëû. Òàê ïîäíèìàëàñü ìèðîâàÿ êóëüòóðà ñèìôîíèçìà,— íà ïî÷âå åâðî- çàòåì äàï, à âî Âòîðîé ñèìôîíèè âòîðóþ ÷àñòü îçâó÷èâàåò â ìîíîäèè, ïåéñêîãî êëàññèöèçìà, íî ïðè ýòîì, çàíîâî ïåðåæèâàÿ â ðàìêàõ êàæäîé â ôîðìå ðàçâåðíóòîãî òàãà, âìåñòèâøåãî â ñåáå âñþ ìíîãîëèêîñòü àð- íàöèîíàëüíîé êîìïîçèòîðñêîé øêîëû êîðíè ñâîåé ñàìîáûòíîé ìóçû- ìÿíñêîé ïåñåííîñòè îò äóõîâíûõ ïåñíîïåíèé äî çåìëåäåëü÷åñêèõ ïåñåí êàëüíîé êóëüòóðû, òðàäèöèè íàöèîíàëüíîãî èíñòðóìåíòàëèçìà è èñòîðè- “îðîâåë”. ÷åñêè ñëîæèâøèåñÿ ñâÿçè. Íîâàöèè Àâåòà Òåðòåðÿíà— íîâûé óðîâåíü â ïîçíàíèè òðàäèöèé, òîò Ñåãîäíÿ â êàæäîé ðàçâèòîé íàöèîíàëüíîé ìóçûêàëüíîé êóëüòóðå ñó- ñàìûé ñäâèã, êîòîðûé ñîâåðøàåò âðåìÿ â ëèöå èçáðàííîãî âðåìåíåì ùåñòâóåò íàó÷íî îáîñíîâàííàÿ è òâîð÷åñêè îñìûñëåííàÿ ãðàäàöèÿ òðà- òâîðöà. Ýòîò ìîìåíò ãëóáîêî çíà÷èòåëåí íå òîëüêî â ïëàíå ðàçâèòèÿ àð- äèöèé ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîãî èñêóññòâà è òðàäèöèé íàðîäíîãî. È ìû ìî- ìÿíñêîé íàöèîíàëüíîé ìóçûêàëüíîé êóëüòóðû, ðîæäåíèÿ íîâûõ õóäî- æåì êîíñòàòèðîâàòü, ÷òî ïðîôåññèîíàëüíàÿ ìóçûêà, âñå äàëüøå óõîäÿ- æåñòâåííûõ íàïðàâëåíèé,— îí çíà÷èòåëåí â øèðîêîì õóäîæåñòâåííîì ùàÿ îò íàðîäíûõ òðàäèöèé â ñâîé ýëèòàðíûé è ðàôèíèðîâàííûé ìèð, ïðîöåññå ïîçíàíèÿ ÷åëîâå÷åñòâîì ñâîåé èñòîðèè, èñòîðèè ôîðìèðîâà- ïðîäîëæàåò âäîõíîâëÿòüñÿ íàðîäíûì è òðàäèöèîííûì èñêóññòâîì. íèÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ íàöèîíàëüíûõ êóëüòóð, âñåãäà ñòðåìÿùèõñÿ, åñëè íå ê Èìåííî ñîâðåìåííàÿ ìóçûêà îáíàðóæèâàåò íåèññÿêàåìîå áîãàòñòâî íà- ñáëèæåíèþ, òî ê ïîíèìàíèþ. ðîäíîãî òâîð÷åñòâà, èìåííî ñîâðåìåííàÿ êîìïîçèòîðñêàÿ ìûñëü, ñîâ- ß âèæó â íîâàöèÿõ Àâåòà Òåðòåðÿíà âûçîâ èäåå ãëîáàëèçàöèè, óò- ðåìåííûå êîìïîçèòîðñêèå óñòðåìëåíèÿ è èäåàëû ïðîÿñíÿþò äîñòîâåð- âåðæäåíèå îáÿçàòåëüíîãî ïðèñóòñòâèÿ ïðèçíàêîâ ñàìîáûòíîñòè è íå- íîñòü è ÷èñòîòó íàðîäíûõ òðàäèöèé. Ñîâðåìåííàÿ ïðîôåññèîíàëüíàÿ ïîâòîðèìîñòè â êàæäîé íàöèîíàëüíîé êóëüòóðå, ïðîòåñò ïðîòèâ åå íè- ìóçûêà, íåñìîòðÿ íà åå âèäèìóþ îòäàëåííîñòü îò íàðîäíîé è ïîíÿòíîé âåëèðîâàíèÿ, â òî æå âðåìÿ åãî òâîð÷åñòâî ôîðìèðóåò íîâûé óðîâåíü ìàññàì ìóçûêè, âûÿâëÿåò èç ñâîåé ñðåäû êîìïîçèòîðîâ, âûçûâàþùèõ õóäîæåñòâåííîãî ñîçíàíèÿ, âìåùàþùåãî â ñåáå øèðîêèé è ìíîãîëèêèé èç ãëóáèíû âåêîâ èñòîêè íàðîäíûõ ìóçûêàëüíûõ òðàäèöèé â èõ ïîäëèí- ìèð. Ýòî ìèôîëîãèÿ íîâîãî òèïà, â êîòîðîé ÷åëîâåê ó÷èòñÿ æèòü âî âñå íîñòè, è ñâîèì êîíöåïöèîííûì õóäîæåñòâåííûì âèäåíèåì îòêðûâàþ- âðåìåíà. ùèõ âñå áîëåå è áîëåå äîñòîâåðíûå êàðòèíû ïðîøëîãî. Èñòîðè÷åñêîå çäåñü ïðåäñòàåò â ñâîåé íåïðåðûâíîñòè, â òîé âðåìåí- Ýòà íàïðàâëåííîñòü ïîèñêà â ãëóáü íàðîäíûõ òðàäèöèé îñóùåñòâëÿåò íîé òåêó÷åñòè, êîòîðûå è ÿâëÿþòñÿ ãëàâíûì ñîäåðæàíèåì ÷åëîâå÷åñêîé îáðàòíóþ ñâÿçü, òî åñòü ñîâðåìåííàÿ ìóçûêà íå òîëüêî ïðèîáðåòàåò â æèçíè. ñâîèõ ïîèñêàõ è îáîãàùàåòñÿ èäåÿìè, íî è âîçðîæäàåò ñòàðîå ê íîâîé È ÷òî ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî âàæíî îòìåòèòü: íîâàöèè Àâåòà Òåðòåðÿíà âîç- æèçíè, äåëàåò åãî ñàìîñòîÿòåëüíî àêòóàëüíûì. íèêëè íà õîðîøî óäîáðåííîé ïî÷âå, íà îáùåì øèðîêîìàñøòàáíîì íà- Òàê â Òðåòüåé ñèìôîíèè Àâåòà Òåðòåðÿíà âïåðâûå â ñèìôîíè÷åñêîì ïðàâëåíèè âñåé íîâîé àðìÿíñêîé ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîé ìóçûêè, ñàìîáûò- îðêåñòðå çàçâó÷àë äóäóê, èíñòðóìåíò ãëóáèííîé íàðîäíîé òðàäèöèè, íî ðåàëèçóþùåé ñâÿçü ñòàðîãî è íîâîãî, ïðîôåññèîíàëüíîãî è íàðîä- èíñòðóìåíò ðèòóàëüíûé, ôóíêöèîíàëüíî îãðàíè÷åííûé. Àâåò Òåðòåðÿí íîãî, ñâîåãî è ÷óæîãî. óñëûøàë è ðàñêðûë â åãî ñîêðîâåííîé èíòîíàöèîííîñòè, â åãî òðàãè÷åñ- Ïðèìå÷àòåëüíàÿ òåíäåíöèÿ â àðìÿíñêîé èíñòðóìåíòàëüíîé ìóçûêå êîé òèõîñòè òó ïðàâäó
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