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Giant Burrowing Frogs It May Be One of Australia's Oldest Known Frogs, but the Giant Burrowing Frog Is Still One of Our Most Elusive and Least Understood

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Giant Burrowing Frogs It May Be One of Australia's Oldest Known Frogs, but the Giant Burrowing Frog Is Still One of Our Most Elusive and Least Understood ... 13 0th the 1999 and '.2000* collections of flat .\'a111re A11s1mlia poster, are now available for the discounted price of S 12.00 (including postage & handling and GST). These posters do not have any folds and are f mailed to you in a rigid cardboard 111,1iling tube. ! yo11 111011/d like 10 p11rchasc 011e or lwr/1 of1/1ese pos1er wl/caio11s, )11s1.fill 0111 rhe fon11 i11 rhe bark ef this iss11e. SPECIAL NATURE AUSTRALIA FLAT POSTER COLLECTIONS I Nature ustralia up trout SPRING 2001 VOLUME 27 NUMBER 2 Published by the Australian Museum Trust 6 College Street. Sydney, NSW 20 I 0. Phone: (02) 9320 6000 Fax: (02) 9320 6073 \Veb: http://www.amonline.net.au Trust President: Brian herman when you graduate with your degree in hand and start working in Museum Director: Michael Archer scientific research you often end up doing all sorts of unsavoury jobs. One of .\la11agi11g Editor mine was to dissect and weigh the poison glands from hundreds of JENNIFER SAUNDERS, B.Sc. c1nail: [email protected] formaldehyde-soaked Cane Toads. Unfortunately, even after years 111 Scie111ific Editor preservative, the toads' glands were still full of their creamy-coloured, pus-like GEORGINA HICKEY, B.Sc. email: [email protected] poison that often oozed out as l inserted the scalpel. Sometimes when Photo Editor pushed too hard l'd end up wearing the KATE LOWE offensive exudate. Not a pleasant experience email: [email protected] Desig11 & Prod11ciio11 let me assure you. However, after reading WATCH THIS! DESIGN Douglas Fudge's article in this issue, I've Adver1isi11g Phone: (02) 9320 6178 decided it could have been worse-at least I S11bscrip1io11s wasn't put in charge of a hagatorium. A LEONORA DALTRY hagatorium is the laboratory home of what Phone: (02) 9320 61 19 ToU-free (1800) 028 558 many people believe are the most disgusting Fax: (02) 9320 6073 email: [email protected] species on the planet. lt's where deep-sea hagfishes are kept, and these fishes and their Annual subscription (4 issues) Within Australia SA36.30 Other countries SA45 slime glands are definitely not for the An Atlantic Hagfish (Myxine Two-year subscription (8 issues) uninitiated or faint-hearted. So what 1s it Within Australia SA69.30 Other countries SA83 glutinosa). Three-year subscription (12 issues) about hagfishes that convinced Doug to Within Australia SA97.90 Other countries SA 116 spend his days pondering slime? In "Hagfishes: Champions of Slime", you'll Prices include GST where applicable. find theanswer and a lot more. lt's a mix of the unusual, with more than just a Proudly printed in Australia by Mockridgc Bulmer 1 New subscnpnons can be made by creda card on the J\ATURE touch of the grotesque. AL.STR.AUA toll-free hotline (1800) 028 558 or use the form m Moving up the water column, we enter the intriguing world of Dugongs. this magazme. If It has been removed, send cheque, money order or credit card authornauon to the address above, made payable to Dugongs appear to be defenceless herbivores, yet they manage to survive in the 'Australian Museum' m Australian currency. the shark-infested waters of Shark Bay, Western Australia. GeoffTaylor threw All material appearrflg i11 i\.'..-lTL'RE AUSTRALIA is copyright. Reprod11ctio11 m part or whole is 11ot permwed without writteti caution to the wind and entered these dangerous waters in a rubber dinghy in amliorisation from 1/ie Editor. order to investigate one particular Dugong. What he discovered might not XATUR.E AUSTRALIA welcomes articles on the natural and cultural heritage of the Australian Region. Opm1ons expressed have been pretty but it gave an insight into how Dugongs manage to coexist by the authors are their own and do not necessarily represent the pohc1es or views of the Australian Museum. with predators like the Tiger Shark. All articles m NATURE AUSTRALIA arc pecr-rcv,cwcd . Malleefowl are unusual birds even by megapode standards, not because they .\.'ATUREAUSTRALIA 1s pm1ted on arch1val-quahty paper smtable for library collecnons. choose to incubate their eggs in enormous mounds of leaf litter but because Published 2001 ISSN-1324-2598 they choose to do it in the arid interior of Australia. This choice of habitat means that, once the eggs are laid, the male Mallefowl must work tirelessly for NATURE AUSTRALIA is proud winner of the 1987, '88, '89, over two months in order to keep his mound at just the right temperature for '90, '91, '92, '93, '99 & 2000 Whitley the chicks. The work, dedication and skill involved is quite amazing. Awards for Best Periodical, and the 1988 & '90 Australian Heritage Award,. Unfortunately, once the chicks manage to dig their way out of the mound, they are on their own, and since the introduction of Foxes they are not doing FI\.ONT COVER too well. Scientists are now faced with the challenge of saving these wonderful A male l"l...cd-cyed Tree Frog (Litol'i" birds from extinction. c/1/oris) inflates his throat There's also plenty more for you in this issue as we meet the elusive Giant pouch. Photo by Ken 13urrowing Frog, take a look at how fire has shaped Australia, discover the Griffiths. perceptions of lizards and the secrets of slaters, and admire a cool gallery of reptiles and frogs. -JENNIFER. SAU NDEl NATUR.E AUS1 RALIA SJ'RINC 2001 1 • contents Digging up the Dirt on Giant Burrowing Frogs It may be one of Australia's oldest known frogs, but the Giant Burrowing Frog is still one of our most elusive and least understood. BY FRANK LEMCKERT 26 The Ougong Enigma Malleelowl: Mounds ol Difference How does the seenungly defenceless Malleefowl chicks face more than a life Dugong survive in a place like Shark on their own when they emerge from Bay with its thriving population of their mound. sharks? BY DAVID PRIDDEL & ROBERT BY GEOFF TAYLOR WHEELER. 34 42 Pure State of Nature The nature of Australia before Europeans arrived was \'ery different ro how it is cod,1y. Does it rnarcer and what docs it 111c,111 for our (utur ? l3Y DAVII) HOil.TO 52 NA I URI (; 'lltll 2 '\U\ I Ri\l i'\ \l'RI Hagfishes: Champions of Slime Hagfishes would have to be one of the mo t disgusting species on Earth. R.AR.E & E DANGER.ED PHOTOAR.T You've been warned-this story is not Brush-Tailed Phascogale Croaks and Daggers for the queamish. They may look alike, but it seems Intimate portraits of some cool BY DOUGLAS FUDGE there's more than one species of brush­ characters. tailed phascogale around. Being able to BY KEN GRIFFITH 60 tell them apart is essential for their 10 conservation. BY PETER SPENCER THE LAST WORD THE BACKYARD ATUR.ALIST 22 Past Sets limits for the Future Slater Peccadillos Unless we change our ways, Australia They look like tiny armadiUos or WILD TI-II GS won't have the resource to feed its own World War l tanks and they live in your To Catch a lizard population within the next 20 years. backyard. Meet the slaters. ... requires thinking like one. BY MARY WHITE STEVE VA DYCK BY TIM LOW 84 20 24 COlUMNS 3 Upfront 4 Leners 6 Nature strips News of the latest discoveries of our natural world. 76 Reviews 80 Societv page Clubs and societies around Australia. 82 Q&A Your questions answered. NATURE AUSTRALIA SPRING 2001 3 letters Once Exotic, Alwavs Exotic the individual species them­ Stressed Mole designed to protect our Letter-writer Paul De Barro selves but also for the pat­ No way will inform wildlife from it. We should (Sa111re /:l 11s1. 2000-200 I) terns of interactions between Thompson, Withers and not accept it from a team of wonders what constitutes a chem chat have arisen as a Seymour about sightings of scientists. naci,·e species and whether it result of 3.2 billion years of marsupial moles (Nat11re What did they learn of matters any way, especially if evolution in the absence of A 11s/. ummer 2000-2001). I normal marsupial-mole eh non-naci,·e species 1s human influence. Further, do not want to see more of physiology and behaviour "innocuous". no exotic species is "innocu­ them subjected to stress and from a single specimen in a My own view is that a ous". They all have a disrup­ starvation at the hands of lab? That its faeces were "a species is non-native (exotic) tive effect on the species people who know next to very wa tcry green paste" if it reached the place where interactions that developed nothing about chem and sugge cs not that it lacked the it now occurs as a re ulc of in the pre-human environ­ who plan to "experiment ability to conserve water, but human agency or influence. ment, even though chat with a range of possible food chat it had diarrhoea induced Hence, species like the wild effect may be below the level items" next time around. by tress and wrong diet, and dog (aka Dingo) brought of human ken or concern. le is not good enough co probably died of dehydra­ r fom South-Ease Asia a few The level of concern is the use one's scientific colJeccor's tion. Aboriginal people thousand years ago are nub of this and all other con­ permit to pluck a specimen familiar with these animals 11011-nanve in A uscralja, as servation issue . lf you don't from its desert habitat, fly it celJ me that normal marsupi­ are Koalas on Kangaroo subscribe to the view of no, to Perch, stick it in a sand­ al-mole faeces are small, Island and Laughing Kook­ or at worst only the most box, offer it various local solid, elongated pelJecs the aburra 111 south-western minimal, human impact on foods and be sorry when it colour of sand.
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