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Redalyc.Morfologia Comparada E Mapeamento Latitudinal De Acta Botánica Venezuelica ISSN: 0084-5906 [email protected] Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela Dr. Tobías Lasser Venezuela Bernardi, Juliane; Pellizzari, Franciane Morfologia comparada e mapeamento latitudinal de Clorófitas monostromáticas (Ulotrichales) do Atlântico Sul e península Antártica Acta Botánica Venezuelica, vol. 36, núm. 2, julio-diciembre, 2013, pp. 269-286 Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela Dr. Tobías Lasser Caracas, Venezuela Disponível em: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=86238659012 Como citar este artigo Número completo Sistema de Informação Científica Mais artigos Rede de Revistas Científicas da América Latina, Caribe , Espanha e Portugal Home da revista no Redalyc Projeto acadêmico sem fins lucrativos desenvolvido no âmbito da iniciativa Acesso Aberto ACTA BOT. VENEZ. 36 (2): 269-286. 2013 269 MORFOLOGIA COMPARADA E MAPEAMENTO LATITUDINAL DE CLORÓFITAS MONOSTROMÁTICAS (ULOTRICHALES) DO ATLÂNTICO SUL E PENÍNSULA ANTÁRTICA Compared morphology and latitudinal mapping of monostromactic Chlorophytes (Ulotrichales) from South Atlantic and Antartic peninsula Juliane BERNARDI1 y Franciane PELLIZZARI2 1Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro de Estudos do Mar (CEM-UFPR) [email protected] 2Universidade Estadual do Paraná, campus FAFIPAR [email protected] RESUMO Clorófitas monostromáticas e foliáceas da ordem Ulotrichales constituem um grupo de macroalgas marinhas de difícil identificação, com distribuição e taxonomia controver- sas. As algas do complexo Monostroma ocorrem desde a Antártica Marítima até o sul do Brasil. Neste trabalho foram identificadas e analisadas morfologicamente cinco espécies. Na Antártica marítima foram encontradas as espécies Monostroma hariotii e Protomonos- troma rosulatum. A espécie P. undulatum ocorreu em Punta Arenas, Chile, e no sul do Brasil foram registradas as espécies Gayralia brasiliensis e G. oxysperma, ambas no Paraná. Os tamanhos dos talos variaram de 4 a 30 cm de altura entre as espécies, sendo G. oxysperma e as duas espécies de Protomonostroma as mais delicadas. Palavras chave: Baía do Almirantado, Chile, Monostroma, morfoanatomía, Paraná, Ulto- trichales, Uruguai ABSTRACT Monostromatic and leafy chlorophytes from the order Ultotrichales are a group of green seaweeds that have controversial distribution and taxonomy, therefore their identifi- cation are difficult. Seaweeds from theMonostroma complex occur between maritime An- tarctica until South Brazil. In this work five species were identified and morphologically analyzed. In Maritime Antarctic occur the species Monostroma hariotii and Protomonos- troma rosulatum.The species P. undulatum was found in Punta Arenas, Chile, and Gayralia brasiliensis and G. oxysperma were found in Paraná, South Brazil. The sizes of thalo ran- ged from 4 to 30 cm in height among the species, being G. oxysperma and the two Protomo- nostroma species of the most delicate. Key words: Admiralty Bay, Chile, Monostroma, morphoanatomy, Paraná, Ulotrichales, Uruguay ISSN 0084-5906 Depósito Legal 196902DF68 Depósito Legal (Internet) ppi 201402DC4561 Recibido: 21/06/2013 Aceptado: 05/11/2013 270 Bernardi y Pellizzari INTRODUÇÃO Clorófitas monostromáticas da ordem Ulotrichales são macroalgas mari- nhas e estuarinas de talo foliáceo, com apenas uma camada de células em corte transversal. Este grupo de algas, inserido no Complexo Monostroma, apresenta caracteres morfológicos similares, o que dificulta a identificação em campo (Pelli- zzari 2005, 2007; Pellizzari et al. 2008; Pellizzari et al. 2013). Além disso, a filo- genia e a distribuição destas espécies ainda não estão elucidadas. Estas algas habitam diversos ecossistemas, ocorrendo em zonas polares, temperadas e subtropicais (Boraso de Zaixso 2004; Oliveira et al. 2009a). Estes ecossistemas apresentam características oceanográficas e meteorológicas distin- tas. Espécies do Complexo Monostroma que ocorrem na Antártica são submeti- das a condições químicas e físicas extremas sendo capazes de desenvolver uma série de estratégias de defesa através da produção de compostos químicos. Esses compostos, encontrados em diversas espécies de macroalgas marinhas, estão sen- do amplamente estudados devido às suas ações antioxidantes (Raymundo et al. 2004; Zubia et al. 2007), antibacterianas (Shanmughapriya et al. 2008), antivirais (Ahn et al. 2002; Cassolato et al. 2008), antifúngicas (Bhosale et al. 1999), an- titumorais (Folmer et al. 2010; Yuan et al. 2011), anti-incrustantes (Bazes et al. 2009), antialérgicas (Samee et al. 2009), dentre outras. Além disso, estas clorófitas são amplamente cultivadas no Japão, onde são consumidas como alimento direto há séculos devido ao seu alto valor nutritivo (Pellizzari 2007). Já no Ocidente, onde não há tradição no consumo de algas, a maior demanda está na crescente aplicabilidade de compostos algaisnas indús- trias cosmética, nutracêutica e farmacêutica (Pellizzari & Reis 2011). Desta forma, devido à lacuna no conhecimento sobre a morfologia e a distri- buição de clorófitas do ComplexoMonostroma , e à crescente demanda por com- postos bioativos extraídos de algas marinhas, o objetivo deste trabalho foi compi- lar as principais características morfológicas das espécies Monostroma hariotii, Protomonostroma rosulatum, P. undulatum, Gayralia oxysperma e G. brasilien- sis. Além disso, foi realizado um mapeamento latitudinal das espécies coletadas entre o Atlântico Sul e a Península Antártica, visando por fim propor uma chave de identificação que auxilie na identificação de macroalgas verdes monostromáticas, da ordem Ulotrichales, destas regiões. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS Na Tabela 1 estão listadas as espécies descritas neste estudo, assim como os pontos amostrais, suas respectivas coordenadas geográficas, a data de coleta e o número do voucher de cada espécie depositada no herbário Maria Eneyda P. K. Fidalgo do Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo, Brasil (SP). Morfologia e mapeamento de clorófitas 271 Tabela 1. Espécies coletadas e descritas neste estudio, depositada no herbário do instituto de botânica de São Paulo. Espécie Local de coleta Coordenadas Data da Voucher SP geográficas coleta Monostroma hariotii Botany Point, Antártica 62°04’49,57” S Dez/2011 427954 Marítima 58°18’35,13” O Jan/2012 Gayralia oxysperma Desembocadura do Rio de 34º56’22,07” S Set/2011 56197 La Plata, Uruguai 56º09’25,85” O G. brasiliensis Baía de Guaratuba, Brasil 25°51’10,92” S Set/2012 427960 48°34’13,17” O Protomonostroma Punta Plaza, Antártica 62°05’25” S Dez/2010 427956 rosulatum Marítima 58°24’56” O Jan/2011 P. undulatum Fuerte Bulnes, Chile 53°37’44,22” S Mar/2012 427957 70°55’17,92” O Durante as Operações Antárticas de 2010 e 2011, apoiadas pela Marinha do Brasil, foram realizadas amostragens de dados bióticos e abióticos. A temperatu- ra da água do mar foi medida com termômetro padrão e os resultados expressos em graus Celsius (°C). A salinidade foi mensurada com refratômetro portátil Pro- -Análise modelo 201/211/201bp e os resultados expressos em Unidade Padrão de Salinidade (ups). As amostragens dos espécimes macroalgais foram realizadas manualmente na região entremarés e infralitoral raso, por raspagem do substrato com auxílio de espátula. Os exemplares (n = 5) de cada população foram fixados com formalina 4% para caracterização morfo-anatômica, e em sílica gel para analises de biologia molecular de outros projetos colaboradores. A análise da morfologia comparada das espécies de clorófitas monostro- máticas foi realizada no Laboratório de Ficologia e Qualidade da Água Marinha (LAQUAMAR/UNESPAR) com auxílio de microscópios estereoscópicos e ópti- cos Olympus (Modelo CX31), com captura de imagem. Os caracteres anatômicos avaliados foram: dimensões e formato das células, espessura do lúmen celular (espaço entre a parede celular e a lamela, a qual se une a outra célula), forma e lo- calização dos pirenóides (local de reserva de amido) em vista frontal. A espessura do talo foi medida por microscopia a partir de cortes transversais do talo à mão livre com lâminas histológicas. A identificação foi confirmada e comparada com base em literatura especializada (Papenfuss 1964; Joly 1965; Cordeiro-Marino et al. 1993; Braga 1997; Braga et al. 1997; Wiencke & Clayton 2002; Pellizzari et al. 2008, 2013; Oliveira et al. 2009a). Uma chave taxonômica foi proposta com base nos caracteres observados auxiliados pela literatura pertinente. 272 Bernardi y Pellizzari RESULTADOS Habitat e dados abióticos Monostroma hariotii foi encontrada crescendo abundantemente sobre rochas e seixos de zonas entre-marés e infralitoral raso nas praias de Botany Point, em frente à Estação Antártica Comandante Ferraz e em Steinhouse, localizadas na En- seada Martel, Ilha Rei George (Antártica Marítima). As amostras foram coletadas em dezembro de 2011 e janeiro de 2012, ou seja, somente durante o verão austral. Protomonostroma rosulatum foi encontrada somente em Punta Plaza, na Ilha Rei George. A mesma foi extremamente abundante durante o verão de 2010/2011, porém, sua população não foi detectada durante o verão de 2011/2012, sugerin- do variações interanuais no recrutamento da espécie, oriundas possivelmente do seu ciclo de vida, ainda pouco elucidado, e ou de oscilações nas variáveis físicas e químicas da água do mar. Protomonostroma undulatum foi amostrada na praia de Fuerte Bulnes (Pun- ta Arenas, extremo sul do Chile) em março, final do verão austral de 2012, sobre rochas de zonas entre-marés e infralitoral raso. Gayralia oxysperma foi coletada em zona entre-marés da desembocadu- ra do Rio de La Plata
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