筑波実験植物園植物目録2018 第3版 2019年10月改訂

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筑波実験植物園植物目録2018 第3版 2019年10月改訂 Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 45, Suppl., pp. 1–270, February 28, 2019 1 筑波実験植物園植物目録2018 第3版 2019年10月改訂 はじめに 国立科学博物館は,植物分類学およびその関連分野の研究を行うとともに,その研究成果を広く市民 や青少年の植物に対する知識の向上に役立てることを目的として,1976 年5 月,筑波実験植物園を設置 した.1983年の開園にあたって,それまでに収集し植栽した植物を,研究や教育の分野で広く利用して いただくために,自生種を含めた維管束植物200科969属2,001種1亜種95変種26品種を記録した最初の 植物目録を上梓した.その後5年ごとに改訂版を刊行してきたが,開園35周年にあたる2018年,第8回 目の植物目録を発刊することとなった. これまでに筑波実験植物園では,日本と世界の代表的な植生区を園内に整備し,多種多様な植物を植 栽・系統保存してきた.生物多様性はこの地球上に生命が生まれ,その後連綿と続いてきた生物進化の 所産である.そのため,生物多様性が生物学にとって興味の尽きない研究対象であるばかりか,食物網 など生物間のさまざまな結びつきの基礎となっている.さらに多種多様な植物は食料・医薬・住居・衣 類などの原材料として,また健やかに生きる生活環境として,人類の生存に必要不可欠である.人類も 生物多様性の中で起源したことを考えると,結びつきの強さは当然であるといえよう.そのような生物 多様性が近年の人類の大規模な活動により多大な影響を受け,滅失の危機にさらされている. 現在,日本に自生する維管束植物約6,700種のうち約1/4に絶滅のおそれがあり,野生状態では絶滅し た種,さらには地球上から絶滅してしまった種すらある.筑波実験植物園では絶滅危惧植物を園内で保 全し,これらの種の生物学的特性の解明を推進している.また必要に応じて絶滅危惧植物の野生復帰を 試みている.さらにはこれらの植物を展示して,生物多様性が損なわれつつある現状と保全の緊急性を 示すことにも力を注いでいる. 日本の野生植物は,国外にも分布する種と,日本にしか存在しない固有種に分けることができる.固 有種は日本の植物相を特徴づける点において重要である.また固有種は分布域が限られているために, 絶滅の危機に陥りやすい.さらに固有種は研究対象としても用いられることが多い.本目録では筑波実 験植物園が保有する植物のうち,固有種と絶滅危惧種がわかるように記載した. 近年,分子系統学的手法が発展したことから従来の分類体系が大きく見直され,APG分類体系が提唱 された.本目録ではAPG分類体系に従って分類群を配列した.また従前の分類体系からの変更を示す新 旧対照表を掲載した. 今回の目録作成にあたっては,これまでに導入し植栽した植物166,408 点をデータベース化したもの に,園内に自生する植物および帰化植物を加えた.今回収録した種類数は,維管束植物264 科 1,734 属 5,556種94亜種394変種112 品種である.2018年12月現在,筑波実験植物園では,環境省の定めた絶滅危 惧植物ならびに絶滅植物2,159種類のうち467種類(約22%)を生息域外保全している.また日本固有の 植物2,825種類のうち676種類(約24%)を保有している.巻末には利用の便を図るため,科の学名と和 名,属の学名,および種類の和名の索引を設けた.本目録の編集は,筑波実験植物園の研究員および育 2 成室職員の協力により行われた. この植物目録が広く利用され,筑波実験植物園に植栽されている植物が,これまで以上に生物多様性 の研究・保全などに活用されることを期待する. 筑波実験植物園長 樋 口 正 信 3 凡 例 1. 2018(平成30)年 12月1日現在の筑波実験植物園で栽培および自生する維管束植物を収録してある. 2. 科以上の分類群の配列はAPG分類体系に準拠した岩波生物学辞典第5版(2013)の生物分類表に概 ね従った.科より下位の分類群は階級ごとにアルファベット順になっている.ただし,亜種と変種 は基準分類群を最初に配列してある. 3. 和名の右側に記した番号および略号は各種類が位置する園内の植栽区画(図1)を示す.環境省レッ ドリスト2018で絶滅危惧植物に指定されている植物と,日本固有の植物についても略号で記した. 植栽区画の番号および絶滅危惧植物の略号は以下の通りである. 園内の植栽区画 0: 自生および帰化植物 Wild and Naturalized Plants 1: 山地草原区画(高地性) Highland Montane Grassland 2: 山地草原区画(低地性) Lowland Montane Grassland 3: 砂礫地植物区画(山地性) Montane Riverside Sandy and Gravelly 4: 砂礫地植物区画(海岸性) Seaside Sandy and Gravelly 5: 低木林植物区画(高地性) Montane Scrub 6: 低木林植物区画(低地性) Lowland Scrub 7: 岩礫地植物区画(山地性) Highland Rockery 8: 岩礫地植物区画(海岸性) Coastal Rockery 9: 常緑広葉樹林区画 Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest 10: 温帯性針葉樹林区画 Temperate Coniferous Forest 11: 暖温帯落葉広葉樹林区画I Warm-temperate Deciduous Broad-leaved Forest I 12: 暖温帯落葉広葉樹林区画II Warm-temperate Deciduous Broad-leaved Forest II 13: 冷温帯落葉広葉樹林区画 Cool-temperate Deciduous Broad-leaved Forest 14: 研究部棟周辺 Around the Department of Botany Building 15: 水生植物区画 Aquatic Plants 16: 熱帯資源植物温室 Useful Plant House 17: サバンナ温室 Savanna House 18: 温帯資源植物 西 Useful Plants, West 19: 温帯資源植物 中央 Useful Plants, Central 20: 教育棟 Around the Garden-gate 21: 絶滅危惧植物 Endangered Plants 22: シダ植物区画 Fernery 23: 温帯資源植物 東 Useful Plants, East 24: 筑波山の植物 Mt. Tsukuba Plants 4 25: 中央広場 Central Circle 26: プロムナード Promenade 27: 圃場 Nurseries 28: 環境植栽 Landscape Planting Area and Hedges 29: 温室周辺 Around the Greenhouses 30: 水生植物温室 Aquatic Plant House 31: 熱帯低地雨林温室 Tropical Rainforest House( Low Altitude Section) 32: 熱帯山地雨林温室 Tropical Rainforest House( High Altitude Section) 33: 実験温室・準備温室 Research Greenhouses 絶滅危惧植物(Endangered Plants) EX: 絶滅(わが国ではすでに絶滅したと考えられる植物.Extinct) EW: 野生絶滅(飼育・栽培下でのみ存続している植物.Extinct in the Wild) CR: 絶滅危惧IA類(ごく近い将来における絶滅の危険性が極めて高い植物.Critically Endangered) EN: 絶滅危惧IB類( IA類ほどではないが,近い将来における絶滅の危険性が高い植物.Endangered) VU: 絶滅危惧Ⅱ類(絶滅の危険が増大している植物.Vulnerable) NT: 準絶滅危惧(現時点では絶滅危険度は小さいが,生育条件の変化によっては 「絶滅危惧」 に移 行する可能性のある植物.Near Threatend) DD: 情報不足(評価するだけの情報が不足している植物.Data Deficient) ●: 日本固有の植物( Endemic Plants of Japan) 4. 本目録の編集は主として遊川知久,植村仁美が行った. 5 図1. 筑波実験植物園地図.番号は植栽区画を示し,目録の各分類群の3列目に示される. Fig. 1. A map of Tsukuba Botanical Garden. Numerals indicate the areas and sections, and are given in the third column in the list. 6 Summary Vascular plant taxa cultivated at Tsukuba Botanical Garden, the National Museum of Nature and Science are presented. As of December 2018, the garden possesses 6,156 taxa (264 families, 1,734 genera) including both cul- tivated and spontaneous plants. Among them, 467 are threatened and 692 are endemic to Japan. 7 筑波実験植物園植物目録 Lycopsida ヒカゲノカズラ綱 Lycopodiaceae ヒカゲノカズラ科 Huperzia serrata (Thunb.) Trevis. トウゲシバ 0, 27 Phlegmariurus cryptomerinus (Maxim.) Satou スギラン 27 VU P. goebelii (Nessel) A.R.Field et Bostock 31 P. hamiltonii (Spring) A. et D.Löve ナンカクラン 27 P. parksii (Copel.) A.R.Field et Bostock 27 P. phlegmaria (L.) T.Sen et U.Sen ヨウラクヒバ 33 EN P. squarrosus (G.Forst.) A. et D.Löve ムカデカズラ 27, 32, 33 Selaginellaceae イワヒバ科 Selaginella delicatura (Desv.) Alston 27 S. heterostachys Baker ヒメクラマゴケ 27 S. involvens (Sw.) Spring カタヒバ 27 S. limbata Alston アマミクラマゴケ 27 VU S. moellendorffii Hieron. イヌカタヒバ 22 VU S. remotifolia Spring クラマゴケ 27 S. sinensis Spring モウコカタヒバ 27 S. tamariscina (P.Beauv.) Spring イワヒバ 7, 24, 27 ‘Karahana’ イワヒバ‘唐花’ 27 S. uncinata (Desv. ex Poir.) Spring コンテリクラマゴケ 22 Isoetaceae ミズニラ科 Isoetes japonica A.Braun ミズニラ 0, 15, 27 NT Monilopsida シダ(大葉シダ)綱 Ophioglossaceae ハナヤスリ科 Botrychium japonicum (Prantl) Underw. オオハナワラビ 0, 8, 27 B. multifidum (S.G.Gmel.) Rupr. var. robustum (Rupr. ex Milde) C.Chr. エゾフユノハナワラビ 32 B. nipponicum Makino アカハナワラビ 0 B. ternatum (Thunb.) Sw. var. ternatum フユノハナワラビ 0, 2, 27 var. pseudoternatum (Sahashi) M.Kato アカフユノハナワラビ 0 ● B. virginianum (L.) Sw. ナツノハナワラビ 22 8 Ophioglossum namegatae M.Nishida et Kurita トネハナヤスリ 3 ● VU O. petiolatum Hook. コヒロハハナヤスリ 27 Psilotaceae マツバラン科 Psilotum nudum (L.) P.Beauv. マツバラン 8, 27, 31 NT ‘Orizuru’ マツバラン‘折鶴’ 27 Equisetaceae トクサ科 Equisetum arvense L. スギナ 0 E. diffusum D.Don. 22 E. hyemale L. subsp. hyemale トクサ 22 E. prealtum Raf. キョダイトクサ 25 E. ramosissimum Desf. subsp. ramosissimum イヌドクサ 8, 27 subsp. debile (Roxb. ex Vaucher) Hauke タイワンイヌドクサ 33 E. scirpoides Michx. ヒメドクサ 27 VU E. variegatum Schleich. ex F.Weber et D.Mohr チシマヒメドクサ 3, 27 CR Marattiaceae リュウビンタイ科 Angiopteris boninensis Hieron. オガサワラリュウビンタイ 27, 31 ● A. evecta (G.Forst.) Hoffm. ナンヨウリュウビンタイ 16, 27 A. fokiensis Hieron. ヒノタニリュウビンタイ 27 CR A. lygodiifolia Rosenst. リュウビンタイ 27, 31 ‘Hagoromo’ ハゴロモリュウビンタイ 27 A. palmiformis (Cav.) C.Chr. ホソバリュウビンタイ 27, 31 A. aff. palmiformis ホソバリュウビンタイ近似種 27 A. pruinosa Kunze 31 Ptisana attenuata (Labill.) Murdock 33 P. smithii (Mett. ex Kuhn) Murdock 27 Osmundaceae ゼンマイ科 Osmunda banksiifolia (C.Presl) Kuhn シロヤマゼンマイ 27 O. claytoniana L. オニゼンマイ 1 O. × intermedia (Honda) Sugim. オオバヤシャゼンマイ 22 O. japonica Thunb. ゼンマイ 0, 2, 5, 22, 23, 27 O. lancea Thunb. ヤシャゼンマイ 3, 7, 15, 22, 25 ● O. regalis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) A.Gray 27 O. vachellii Hook. 27 Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C.Presl var. fokiense (Copel.) Tagawa ヤマドリゼンマイ 1 9 Hymenophyllaceae コケシノブ科 Crepidomanes minutum (Blume) K.Iwats. ウチワゴケ 27 Vandenboschia hokurikuensis Ebihara ホクリクハイホラゴケ 27 ● V. kalamocarpa (Hayata) Ebihara ハイホラゴケ 27 V. kalamocarpa (Hayata) Ebihara × V. nipponica (Nakai) Ebihara × V. striata (D.Don) Ebihara アイハイホラゴケ 27 V. nipponica (Nakai) Ebihara × V. striata (D.Don) Ebihara ミツイシハイホラゴケ 27 V. orientalis (C.Chr.) Ching イズハイホラゴケ 27 ● V. × quelpaertensis (Nakai) Ebihara セイタカホラゴケ 27, 32 V. × stenosiphon (H.Christ) Copel. コハイホラゴケ 27 Gleicheniaceae ウラジロ科 Diplopterygium glaucum (Houtt.) Nakai ウラジロ 22 Lygodiaceae カニクサ科 Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. カニクサ 22, 27 f. elongatum Alderw. ナガバカニクサ 31 L. reticulatum Schkuhr 27 Marsileaceae デンジソウ科 Marsilea crenata C.Presl ナンゴクデンジソウ 27 EN M. quadrifolia L. デンジソウ 15 VU Salviniaceae サンショウモ科 Azolla cristata Kaulf. アメリカオオアカウキクサ 0 A. pinnata R.Br. subsp. asiatica R.M.K.Saunders et K.Fowler アカウキクサ 27 EN Salvinia cucullata Rox. 27 S. molesta Mitchell オオサンショウモ 27, 30 S. oblongifolia Mart. 27 Plagiogyriaceae キジノオシダ科 Plagiogyria euphlebia (Kunze) Mett. オオキジノオ 22 P. japonica Nakai var. japonica キジノオシダ 22 P. × sessilifolia Nakaike フタツキジノオ 27 Cibotiaceae タカワラビ科 Cibotium barometz (L.) J.Sm. タカワラビ 27, 30, 31, 31 10 Cyatheaceae ヘゴ科 Cyathea cooperi (Hook. ex F.Muell.) Domin 31 C. lepifera (J.Sm. ex Hook.) Copel. ヒカゲヘゴ 27, 32 C. mertensiana (Kunze) Copel. マルハチ 16 ● C. ogurae (Hayata) Domin メヘゴ 31 ● EN C. spinulosa Wall. ex Hook. ヘゴ 27 Dicksoniaceae ディクソニア科 Dicksonia antarctica Labill. 29 Lindsaeaceae ホングウシダ科 Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J.Sm. ホラシノブ 8 Dennstaedtiaceae コバノイシカグマ科 Dennstaedtia hirsuta (Sw.) Mett. イヌシダ 22, 27 D. scandens (Blume) T.Moore ツルカグマ 27 D. wilfordii (T.Moore) H.Christ ex C.Chr. オウレンシダ 22, 27 Hypolepis punctata (Thunb.) Mett. ex Kuhn イワヒメワラビ 22 Microlepia × austroizuensis Nakato et Seriz. ニセオドリコカグマ 22 M. × bipinnata (Makino) Shimura クジャクフモトシダ 22, 27 M. marginata (Panz.) C.Chr. フモトシダ 22, 27 M. marginata (Panz.) C.Chr. × M. pseudostrigosa Makino フモトカグマ×フモトシダ 22 M. marginata (Panz.) C.Chr. × M. sinostrigosa Ching オドリコカグマ×フモトシダ 27 M. × matsumotoi Sa.Kurata, nom. nud. シモダカグマ 22, 27 M. × muroyae Sa.Kurata, nom. nud. ムロヤカグマ 27 M. pseudostrigosa Makino フモトカグマ 9, 22, 27 M. sinostrigosa Ching オドリコカグマ 27 M. strigosa (Thunb.) C.Presl イシカグマ 22, 27 f. kawaharae Nakaike, nom. nud. イブスキイシカグマ 27 M. aff. strigosa (Thunb.) C.Presl イシカグマ近似種 22 M. substrigosa Tagawa ウスバイシカグマ 27 NT Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. japonicum (Nakai) A. et D.Löve ワラビ 0, 23 Pteridaceae イノモトソウ科 Acrostichum aureum L. ミミモチシダ 27, 30 EN A. speciosum Willd. トガリバミミモチシダ 27 Adiantum anceps Maxon et Morton. 16 A. capillus-veneris L. ホウライシダ 27 ‘Fimbriatum’ ホウライシダ‘フィンブリアトゥム’ 27 A. edgeworthii Hook. オトメクジャク 27 EN A. malesianum J.Ghatak マレークジャクデンダ 27 11 A. monochlamys D.C.Eaton ハコネシダ 27 A. nelumboides X.C.Zhang シナヒトツバホウライシダ 27 A. ogasawarense Tagawa イワホウライシダ 27 ● VU A. pedatum L. クジャクシダ 22, 27 A. peruvianum Klotzsch 16 A. raddianum C.Presl ‘Elegans’
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