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Survey of Predatory Mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Associated With Biological Forum – An International Journal 5(2): 119-122(2013) ISSN No. (Print): 0975-1130 ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3239 Survey of Predatory Mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Associated With Economically Important Plants of North Kerala Sajna Haneef and Mary Anithalatha Sadanandan PG and Research Department of Zoology, Malabar Christian College, Calicut, (Kerala) India. (Received 05 November, 2013, Accepted 02 December, 2013) ABSTRACT: The paper embodies the results of a survey conducted on the predatory mite fauna associated with 32 species of economically important plants belonging to 27 genera and 21 families grown in three districts of North Kerala. The results yielded 15 species of predatory mites belonging to 6 genera viz., Amblyseius, Typhlodromips, Euseius, Neoseiulus, Phytoseius and Paraphytoseius which comes under the sub order Mesostigmata. Keywords: Predatory mites, Phytoseiidae, North Kerala INTRODUCTION The species of Phytoseiidae are potentially Predatory mites deserve special mention in an important as a biotic factor in the control of agricultural country like India, where agriculture phytophagous mites particularly tetranychid and is always under the threat of constant pest attack. eriophyid mites. Mass multiplication methods Predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae have been developed to use these predators in constitute a highly significant beneficial group on commercial scale on a variety of crops. The most account of their vital role in the maintenance of important predatory mites explored in this regard pest population below economic injury level. include members of Phytoseiidae, Cheyletidae, Predatory mites are now valued with growers Cunaxidae, Stigmaeidae, Bdellidae, Tydeidae, worldwide as natural enemies that provide Anystidae and Erythraeidae. Biological control of effective pest control in greenhouses and on phytophagous mites by predatory mites (Family: agricultural crops (Bjorson 2008). Phytoseiid Phytoseiidae) had been proved successful mites have received global attention since the alternative to conventional chemical control, 1950 ’s due to their importance as natural especially on green house crops (Gerson et al., predators of phytophagous mites and small 2007). insects and therefore are useful in the biological Faunistic studies on Phytoseiidae of the and integrated control of crop pests (Swirskii et country has fairly well progressed,189 species al., 1997). have been reported from the country, compared The widespread use of synthetic organic to 2280+ species from the world (Mallik et al., compound against insects as target pests has 2010). Despite of the relevance of predatory toxic effects on other non target organisms in mites they have not acquired desired recognition both lower and higher trophic levels (Dejan et al., in many parts of the world, especially in Kerala. 2011). Consumers worldwide are now strongly Considering the above situation the present demanding agricultural products grown with few survey makes an attempt to unravel the predatory or no chemicals. Many farmers are aware of the mite (Family: Phytoseiidae) population on dangers of excessive chemicals and are now economically important plants from three trying to replace chemicals with natural enemies districts of North Kerala, viz., Wayanad, or organic pesticide. Biological control with Kozhikode and Malappuram. natural enemies such as predators, parasites or MATERIAL AND METHODS pathogens is viable alternative to chemical control measures. Natural enemies can be native The predatory mite fauna (Family: Phytoseiidae) or introduced. The use of natural enemies harbouring on various species of economically prevents environmental risks associated with important plants were collected by making chemical pesticides, while sustainably protecting extensive surveys covering different localities of the crop, given that the biological control agent Wayanad, Kozhikode and Malappuram districts. does not cause any harmful non-target effects. Sampling were carried out from October 2012 to Predatory mites of the family Phytoseiidae are of March 2013. economic importance because they efficiently A total of 32 species belonging to 27 genera control pest mites in many crops around the and 21 families of economically important plants world (Sabelis, 1985). were surveyed. Haneef and Sadanandan 120 They comprised fruit crops, vegetables, tuber is the only species obtained from genus crops and medicinal plants. Table 1 provides Paraphytoseius. information on the various species of plants The family Phytoseiidae has been reported as the surveyed from three districts. Phytoseiid mites of largest family of Gamasida (Mesostigmata) with comparatively larger size and fast moving nature more than 1000 species described which has were collected directly from the field with the gained importance in biological control of help of hand lens and camel hair brush. They Tetranychid mites in various agro-ecosystems. were preserved in 70% alcohol until permanent (Mc Murty, 1982; Mc Murty et al.,1989). slides were prepared. Beating method was Phytoseiid mites are well known predators and generally adopted for the collection of predatory have got immense significance in IPM programs mites directly from the field .The mite infested to control different phytophagous mites, small plant parts were beaten over dark coloured rexin soft bodied insects and their eggs. sheet and the mites thus dislodged were picked Chant & Yoshida Shaul,1992 have up with a moistened camel hair brush. The mites mentioned more than 1614 species of picked up were stored in 70% alcohol containing Phytoseiid’s have been described in the world so a few drops of lactic acid. They were then far and they further opine that this trend would upgraded in alcohol series and then mounted in keep increasing mainly under the two sub Hoyers medium permanently. After mounting, families, Amblyseiinae and Phytoseiinae of the the slides were kept in an oven at 40-45°c or family Phytoseiidae. under a table lamp for at least two days which However our knowledge on the Phytoseiid mite hastens the clearing process and subsequent is still in its infancy as only 189 species were drying of the slides. The specimens were reported so far from India .In this context the thoroughly examined and identified with the help result of the study appear to be quite encouraging of relevant literature and also seeking opinion as 32 species could be recovered during the from experts. survey. Further, results of the study revealed the prevalance and species diversity of the genus RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Amblyseius on various species of plants surveyed The results of the survey revealed the occurrence (Table 1). of 15 species of mites belonging to 6 genera viz., The Phytoseiid mites, especially those Amblyseius, Typhlodromips, Neoseiulus, Euseius, belonging to genera like Amblyseius, Neoseiulus Phytoseius and Paraphytoseius under the sub and Euseius have been considered as important order Mesostigmata (Table 1). Under the genus predators of tetranychids, eriophyids, Amblyseius 8 species were recorded viz., A. tarsonemids, thrips, white flies and so on (Mc aerialis, A. indirae, A. channabasavannai, A. Murty and Rodriguez,1989). The distribution of kundurukkae, A. largoensis, A. orientalis, A. species of Amblyseius, Neoseiulus, Euseius and herbicolus, A. kulini. Under the genus Euseius 2 Phytoseius as observed during the study in species were recovered, E. coccinea and E. association with spider mites and insects like alstoniae respectively. T. syzygii is the only coccids white flies etc also supports the above species recovered from genus Typhlodromips. findings. The relative abundance of the The genus Phytoseius gave 2 species, P. various genera recovered during the survey could wainsteini and P. punjabensis respectively. A therefore be represented as Amblyseius > single species was obtained from genus Euseius = Phytoseius > Neoseiulus = Neoseiulus, viz., N. longispinosis. P. scleroticus Typhlodromips = Paraphytoseius. Haneef and Sadanandan 121 Table 1: Distribution of Phytoseiid mites with respect to host plants in various localities of Kozhikode district. Sl. Species Host plant Location No. Family: Phytoseiidae Berlese, 1952 Subfamily: Amblyseiinae Muma, 1961 Genus: Amblyseius Berlese, 1915 1. Amblyseius indirae Gupta,1985 Psidium guajava L. Wayanad Cucurbita maxima Calicut Piper longum Calicut 2. Amblyseius aerialis (Muma), 1955 Amorphophallus Malappuram companulatus Blume. Citrus lemon Malappuram Calicut 3. Amblyseius channabasavannai Citrus medica Malappuram Gupta and Daniel,1978 Cocos nucifera Abelmoschus Wayanad esculentus L. Calicut 4. Amblyseius largoensis (Muma). Tectona grandis Calicut Mangifera indica Wayanad Piper nigrum Wayanad Citrus sinensis L. Calicut Saraca asoca (Roxb.) De Malappuram Wilde 5. Amblyseius kulini Gupta, 1978 Vathria indica Malappuram Murraya koenigii Calicut Capsicum annum Calicut 6. Amblyseius kundurukkae Mary Anitha Morus alba Calicut and Ramani,2004 Achras sapota Wayanad 7. Amblyseius orientalis Ehara, 1957 Dolichos lablab Calicut Carica papaya Calicut Maranda arundinaceae Malappuram 8. Amblyseius herbicolus Chant,1959 Pisum sativum All three districts Manihot esculenta surveyed Solanum melongena Genus: Euseius Wainstein, 1962 9. Euseius coccineae Gupta, 1975 Dolichos lablab L. Calicut Luffa acutangula Wayanad 10. Euseius alstoniae Gupta, 1975 Artocarpus hirsute Wayanad Jasminum gradiflorum Wayanad Genus:Neoseiulus Hughes, 1948 11. Neoseiulus longispinosis (Evans),1952 Manihot esculenta Crantz.
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