٧٨١-٧٧٣ :٢٠١۴, Pages June (١٠)٨ ,Advances in Environmental Biology

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Comparison Between used Herbs for Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease [GERD] in Iranian Traditional of Medicine [I TM]

,٣Mohsen Naseri, ۴Mohammad Kamlinejad ,٢Behzad Jodeiri ,١Fariba Khoshzaban ,١Mahdi Borhani ۵Soghrat Faghihzade

Department of Iranian Traditional of Medicine, Faculty of medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran ۱ Department of Internal medicine, Faculty of medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran ۲ Iranian Traditional of Medicine research center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran ۳ Department of pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ۴ Faculty of medicine, Tarbiiate modarres university, Tehran, Iran ۵

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Objectives: This paper is a collection of plant samples that have been used traditionally Received ۱۵ April ۲۰۱۴ in treatment, as it has been mentioned in Iranian old references books.This article Received in revised form ۲۲ May contains gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD] causes in Conventional medicine and a similar disease in Iranian Traditional of Medicine [ITM]. In this paper the most ۲۰۱۴ .Accepted ۲۵ May ۲۰۱۴ frequent materials for GERD three main etiological factors treatments is grouped Available online ۱۵ June ۲۰۱۴ Methods: These drugs are scored based on their effects on gastric clearance of wet materials such as [serous or Phlegm], which is according to avicenna is the most :Key words: dis-temperament. For this search studied ۶ old references books Results Iranian Traditional of Medicine According to the reflux causes in ITM and Properties listed for medicines in books that drug detected and are grouped. It is strongly significant ITM], Gastroesophageal reflux can improve the grounds, ۶٠] disease [GERD], herbs pay attention to ITM therapeutics and herbs instead of GERD treatment in Conventional medicine.Conclusion: According to this study, the highest rating among the drugs commonly used in ITM for the treatment of gastric clearance of wet materials was awarded to pistacia atlantica.

© 2014 AENSI Publisher All rights reserved. To Cite This Article: Mahdi Borhani, Fariba Khoshzaban, Behzad Jodeiri, Mohsen Naseri, Mohammad Kamlinejad, Soghrat Faghihzade., Comparison Between used Herbs for Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease [GERD] in Iranian Traditional of Medicine [ITM]. Adv. Environ. Biol., ۸(۱۰), ۷۷۳-۷۸۱, ۲۰۱۴

INTRODUCTION

Gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD] has increased in Europe and the United States over the past .[١] decades with prevalence ,[٢] GERD symptoms are the most common gastrointestinal symptoms in those regions .[٣,٧] ٢۵% reported from population-based studies ١٠ rates of Several population-based studies from Iran, in West Asia, have reported prevalence rates similar to those in and currently it is the most ,[١٠] The incidence of GERD is increasing in Iran .[٩ ,٨ ,١] Western countries .[١١] common outpatient encountered there Carminative is a herb or preparation that either prevents formation of gas in the or facilitates the expulsion of gas, thereby combating flatulence. Carminatives have been shown to decrease lower esophageal pressure, which on the other hand increases the risk of GERD or '. They are volatile oils usually of vegetable extraction and their names have an old-world ring: cardamon, dill, ginger .[١٢] peppermint, cinnamon, and cloves .[١۶-١٣] GERD effect on man health & life quality in all parts of the world To control and treatment of GERD and its complications mainly depend on the drugs and fondupliction, .[٢١-١٧] that have a range of side effect

A brief review on the etiology of heartburn in Conventional medicine: GERD is defined as the abnormal reflux of gastric contents into the at least once a week, leading .[٢٢] to symptoms such as heartburn and acid regurgitation and damage to the esophageal mucosa Heartburn is characterized by pain or burning discomfort in the upper part of and occasionally is radiated behind the sternum. The feeling may be accompanied by symptoms such as increased salivation and

Corresponding Author: Fariba Khoshzaban, Department of Iranian Traditional of Medicine, Faculty of medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran, yahoo.com@٩٩_E-mail: fkhosh ٢٠١۴ ,Mahdi Borhani et al ٧٧۴ ٧٨١-٧٧٣ :٢٠١۴, Pages June (١٠)٨ ,Advances in Environmental Biology regurgitation of sour fluid. Symptoms usually become worse with certain foods and changes in body position .[٢٣] Other unusual accompanied symptoms, such as and vomiting, severe heartburn, chest pain, choking .[٢۴] sensation, chronic cough, wheezing and hoarseness may be caused by reflux

.The etiologic factors of FHB according to conventional medicine :١ .Fig

Etiology of heartburn in Iranian Traditional of Medicine [ITM]: Heartburn in ITM has been more frequently reported as stomach burn [HORGHATOLMEDE] and has .[٢٧,٢۵] three main etiological factors A] The first risk factor is that it is created by eating concentrated food [thick foods] in weak stomach .[٢٧,٢۵] and amended with lifestyle and respected nutritional laws and its drugs named tonic B]The latter is due to the raw moisture in the upper part of the stomach that named phelegmatic dis-temperment Phlegmatic coctive [MONZEJ] are [٢٩ ,٢٨].and according to avicenna is the most stomach distemperament .[٢٩] effective for these patients C] The third category is excessive inset of melancholic humor from to the upper part of stomach that ,٢۶ ,٢۵] which moisturizers are main treatment for these patients , [٢٨,٢۶] named melancholic dis-temperment .[٢٩ .٢ Approach to heartburn symptoms in ITM is shown in Figure Methods: .[٣٠] :Drugs that are effective in cleansing the stomach of the materials should have these properties Attenuant drug is a drug which, through its moderate heat, greatly attenuates the humour e.g. hyssop, wild (١) thyme and chamomile. Dissolving drug is a drug which, by the intensity of its heat, is capable of dispersing the humour by (٢) gradually evaporating and dislodging it after a continuous struggle till it eliminates, through its energy, whatever humour is left .e.g. castoreum. Detergent drug is a drug which is capable of moving viscous and congealed fluids from the pores of the (٣) surface of an for their removal e.g. honey water. It may be noted that every detergent drug may serve as a laxative though there is no purgative power in it and naturally every bitter drug is detergent. Abluent drug is a drug which serves as a detergent not by its active but passive power which is helped by (۴) motion. The passive power here means the passive fluid power and 'motion' means flow. When a rarefied flowing substance flows over the pores of the veins, it removes the superfluous matter with its moisture and flow, such as barley water and the pure water. coctive drug is a drug which maturates the humour because of its moderate calorific and astirngent (۵) properties which retain the humour till it is ripe and do not dissolve it rapidly. It separates its fluidity from its dryness. The process is called the oxidization of blood. Absorbent drug is a drug which, due to its tenuity and heat, stirs the fluids as soon as it comes across them (۶) at a place ... e.g. castoreum. A strong absorbing drug which absorbs [matter] from the depth, is very useful in sciatica. Its application in the form of plaster [after purification] is useful in chronic rheumatism. Such a drug helps extrusion and expulsion of thorns and spines. .Desiccant drug is a drug which destroys fluids through its quality of dissolving and rarefying (٧) ٢٠١۴ ,Mahdi Borhani et al ٧٧۵ ٧٨١-٧٧٣ :٢٠١۴, Pages June (١٠)٨ ,Advances in Environmental Biology

.Purgative drugs are well-known (٨) .Cathartic means strongly laxative in effect (٩) Tonic is a drug which moderates the disposition and temperament of an organ to an extent so that it resists (١٠) the superfluous matter and disorders moving towards it. This action is elicited either by its inherent property, e.g. sealing clay and theriaca or by its moderate temperament which cools what is warm and warms what is .[٣١] cold. Galen explained the action of rose oil on these lines

.Algorithm of heartburn [HORGHATOLMEDE] in TIM :٢ Fig

The studied books are: .[٢٩] Canon medicina [alghanoon fi teb] from fifth Century .[٣٢] Tohfat ol moamenin from tenth Century .[٣٣] Makhzan-ol-adviyeh from twelve Century .[٣۴] Al-jamea le-mofrdt al-adviyeh va al-aghziyeh from seventh Century .[٣۵] Alhavi Fi teb from third Century .[٣۶] Al-shamel fi senaate tebbieh from forth Century materials, which are commonly used in the ITM and have demonstrated The present table reviews ۶٠ experimental and clinical effective on GERD causes. In this table: The specificity of the drug for the stomach or gastroesophageal humidity enema has a positive rating [١ ٢٠١۴ ,Mahdi Borhani et al ٧٧۶ ٧٨١-٧٧٣ :٢٠١۴, Pages June (١٠)٨ ,Advances in Environmental Biology

.The drugs according to the above-mentioned actions [Ten properties] have a positive rating [٢ .If the drug is harmful, it is considered a negative score [٣ [٣٧,٣٨].If the drug should be used with other materials, it is considered a negative score [۴ Results:

According to the above conditions the following results are obtained and the following table is based on the scores obtained by each of the drugs.

٢ ١- Need to sugar ١+ ١+ ١+ Boswellia .١ Carterii

٣ Desorpti ١- Harmful to ١+ ١+ ١+ Carum Carvi .٢ lung on of stomch moisture

٢ ١ - Is very ١+ ١+ ١+ Allium Sativum .٣ harmful

٠ Desorpti ١ - Papaver Harmful to .۴ Somniferum lung on of stomch moisture

٢ Strengthe ١+ Pyrus Malus .۵ ning the cardia

١ Piper Betle Strengthe .۶ ning the cardia

٠ ١- Harmful to ١+ Fumaria .٧ Parviflora lung

٠ ١- Renal stone ١+ Areca Catechu .٨ Created

٣ ١+ ١+ ١+ Rheum .٩ Palmatum

٢ Desorpti ١+ Phoenix .١٠ Dactylifera on of stomch moisture

Desorpti ۵ ١+ ١+ ١+ ١+ Elletaria .١١ Cardamomum on of stomch moisture

١ Useful in ١- Harmful to ١+ Eugenia .١٢ Caryophyllata kidney stomach disease

٢ ١+ ١+ Acacia Arabica .١٣

١ Pistacia Vera Strengthe .١۴ ning the cardia ٢٠١۴ ,Mahdi Borhani et al ٧٧٧ ٧٨١-٧٧٣ :٢٠١۴, Pages June (١٠)٨ ,Advances in Environmental Biology

۵ ١+ ١+ ١+ ١+ ١+ Paeonia .١۵ Officinalis

٠ ١- Harmful to ١+ Mentha .١۶ Pulegium intestine

۴ ١+ ١+ + ١+ Piper Nigrum .١٧ ١

Fragment ation of ٣ mucus ١+ ١+ Honey .١٨

Rubus Harmful to ٠ ١- kidney ١+ ١+ Fructicosus .١٩

Resolvin g Aloexylon stomach ٣ atony ١+ ١+ Agallocha .٢٠

Harmful to cold ٠ ١- stomach ١+ Fish .٢١

Strengthe ning the ٢ cardia ١+ Iris Florentina .٢٢

Ruta ١ ١+ Graveolens .٢٣

Harmful to ١ ١- spleen ١+ ١+ Lycium Afrum .٢۴

Zizyphus Spina- Harmful to ٠ ١- brain ١+ Christi .٢۵

Carum ٣ ١+ ١+ ١+ Copticum .٢۶

Desorpti on of Commiphora stomch ٢ moisture ١+ Myrrha .٢٧

Strengthe Need to ning the ١ cardia ١- other drug ١+ Mentha Piperita .٢٨

Desorpti on of Teucrium stomch ٢ moisture ١+ Montanum .٢٩

Asperugo ٢ ١+ ١+ Procumbens .٣٠

Resolvin g Styrax stomach ١ atony ١- headache ١+ Officinalis .٣١ ٢٠١۴ ,Mahdi Borhani et al ٧٧٨ ٧٨١-٧٧٣ :٢٠١۴, Pages June (١٠)٨ ,Advances in Environmental Biology

Myrtus + ٣ ١+ ١+ ١ Communis .٣٢

Harmful to Pyrus weak ٢ ١- stomach ١+ ١+ ١+ Communis .٣٣

Pyrus ١ ١+ Communis .٣۴

Resolvin g Pistacia stomach atony ۵ ١+ ١+ ١+ ١+ Lentiscus .٣۵

٢ ١+ ١+ Inula Helenium .٣۶

Coriandrum ١ ١+ ١+ Sativum .٣٧

Harmful to Levisticum urinary ١ ١- bladder ١+ ١+ Officinale .٣٨

Cuscuta Harmful to ٠ ١- lung ١+ Monogyna .٣٩

Myristica Harmful to ٢ ١- ١+ ١+ ١+ Fragrans .۴٠

Harmful to Cinnamomum urinary ١ ١- bladder ١+ ١+ Zeylanicum .۴١

Fagonia Harmful to ١ ١- lung ١+ ١+ Arabica .۴٢

Strengthe ning the ٧ stomach ١+ ١+ ١+ ١+ ١+ ١+ Pistacia Atlntica .۴٣

Desorpti D.C. with on of ١۵ stomch Penaea + eating moisture ۴ ١- gram ١+ ١+ ١+ ١ Mucronata .۴۴

Seidlitzia Harmful to ٢ ١- intestine ١+ ١+ ١+ Rosmarinus .۴۵

Harmful to Dorema + cold ۵ ١- stomach ١+ ١+ ١+ ١+ ١ ١+ Ammoniacum .۴۶

Harmful to cold ٠ ١- stomach ١+ Rhus Coriaria .۴٧

Harmful to Commiphora urinary ١ ١- bladder ١+ ١+ Opobalsamum .۴٨ ٢٠١۴ ,Mahdi Borhani et al ٧٧٩ ٧٨١-٧٧٣ :٢٠١۴, Pages June (١٠)٨ ,Advances in Environmental Biology

Strengthe Myristica Harmful to ning the ٢ cardia ١- liver&lung ١+ ١+ Fragrans .۴٩

Creat Strengthe distempera ning the ٠ cardia ١- Soil ment .۵٠

Terminalia Harmful to ١ ١- brain ١+ ١+ Chebula .۵١

Harmful to ٠ ١- nerve ١+ Scilla Maritime .۵٢

Strengthe Andropogon Harmful to ning the ٣ cardia ١- kidney ١+ ١+ ١+ Schoenanthus .۵٣

Phyllanthus Harmful to ١ ١- spleen ١+ ١+ Emblica .۵۴

Harmful to Ferula Assa- stomach&l ۴ ١- ung ١+ ١+ ١+ ١+ ١+ Foetida .۵۵

Harmful to Alhagi brain ١ ١- kidney& ١+ ١+ Camelorum .۵۶

Berberis Vulgaris ١ ١+ .۵٧

Arnebia Euchroma , Alkanna Tanned ١ Tinctoria stomach .۵٨

Desorpti on of stomch ٣ moisture ١+ ١+ Albizia Lebbek .۵٩

Tanned ١ Vinegar stomach .۶٠

According to the above table the highest rating among the drugs commonly used in ITM for the treatment of GERD was awarded to pistacia atlantica. Conclusion: It is strongly significant pay attention to ITM therapeutics and herbs instead of GERD treatment in Conventional medicine. According to this study, the highest rating among the drugs commonly used in ITM for the treatment of gastric clearance of wet materials such as mucus(serous or Phlegm), which is according to avicenna is the most stomach dis-temperament was awarded to pistacia atlantica.

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