DOCSLIB.ORG

Troll Hunters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ADVENTURES IN TRACKING ONLINE ANONYMITY VOL. 118 NO. 1 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2015 $6.99 troll hunters page 50 Fuel SUPER powerful advances. Biotech is more than just a job. It’s a mission to feed, fuel and heal the world. And there’s no better place to connect with biopharma’s top people and most innovative technologies than at BIO 2015 in Philadelphia, June 15 - 18. The ideas and information shared at BIO go beyond professional development. You’ll experience powerful business partnering, benefit from invaluable education sessions and have the chance to network with 15,000 of the industry’s best and brightest from 65 countries around the world. Learn more at convention.bio.org #BIO2015 SUPERcharge your BIO experience. convention.bio.org MIT TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOL. 118 | NO. 1 TECHNOLOGYREVIEW.COM From the Editor in “the troll hunters” (page 50), a marketplace of ideas are mostly com- Adrian Chen writes, “Old-school hate is fortable with such a limited constraint. having a sort of renaissance online, and But others are not so comfort- in the countries thought to be furthest able (see “Q&A: Shanley Kane,” page beyond it. The anonymity provided by 26). Threats are seldom prosecuted, the Internet fosters communities where because words are slippery things and people can feed on each other’s hate.” anonymous trolls cannot be found eas- Chen reveals the scale of näthat ily. More, the harm principle is not (“Net hate”) in Sweden, a country known simply extended to harassing speech for its tolerance, where anonymous post- that seeks to oppress or silence minori- ers to websites nonetheless rage against ties and women. Activists would like to immigrants who (racists believe) are see a wider legal deinition of harm, or destroying “Swedish culture.” As in broader intolerance for harassment. the United States and elsewhere in the Chen’s feature describes one con- world, Internet trolls in Sweden also troversial approach in Sweden, where persecute women, often just for the “a group of volunteer researchers called strange satisfaction of frightening them. Researchgruppen, or Research Group, Trolls must be moved by bitter has pioneered a form of activist jour- resentments they cannot otherwise nalism based on following the crumbs express and liberated by the heady unac- of data anonymous Internet trolls leave countability of anonymity. Harassing behind and unmasking them.” Research comments found on websites are sincere Group scraped the comments of a expressions of how a portion of human- right-wing publication named Avpix- ity really feels. Some people hate other lat, and matched the encrypted e-mail people, and technology ampliies the addresses of commenters against a data- expression of views that (at least since base of publicly available addresses. The the end of World War II) were mostly researchers gave the names of many of whispered in private or shouted at rallies Avpixlat’s most proliic commenters to of inefectual political movements (see Expressen, a Swedish tabloid, which “Free Speech in the Era of Its Technolog- then reported that dozens of prominent ical Ampliication,” March/April 2013). Swedes, including politicians from the But what can be done about trolling far-right Sweden Democrats, had posted in open societies like Sweden and the racist and sexist comments. Some politi- United States is a vexed question about cians and oicials resigned. which citizens ardently disagree. Research Group’s public shaming Both the United States and Swe- of trolls was controversial in Sweden. den have set high bars for criminaliz- MIT Technology Review readers may ing speech: speech is presumptively free also feel troubled: they might want to unless it violates the “harm principle.” distinguish between real threats to indi- In America, speech can be banned if it is viduals and the expression of views that, a “real threat,” either because it consti- however reprehensible, have a tenuous tutes an incitement to hurt someone or connection to immediate harm. But the (as Justice Sandra Day O’Connor wrote data journalists of Research Group were in 2003) to protect people “from the fear responsible for an innovation: they put of violence” and “from the disruption a cost to trolling. By stripping away the that fear engenders.” Citizens who value cloak of anonymity, they demonstrated free speech and believe it necessary for that while speech is free, it is not always democracy, individual expression, and without consequences. VITTIGUIDO 2 Who will make “searching for a signal” a thing of the past? You and NI will. The wireless industry is rapidly evolving. To keep pace with increasing standards and help usher in the next generation of 5G technology, NI offers fast, flexible RF hardware powered by intuitive LabVIEW software. See how this combination adds clarity to communication at ni.com. ©2014 National Instruments. All rights reserved. LabVIEW, National Instruments, NI, and ni.com are trademarks of National Instruments. Other product and company names listed are trademarks or trade names of their respective companies. 18586 MIT TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOL. 118 | NO. 1 TECHNOLOGYREVIEW.COM Contents Front Back 2 From the Editor BUSINESS REPORT 8 Feedback 59 Cities Get Smarter VIEWS How technology can make urban centers more eicient, 10 MOOCs’ Teachable Moment better places to live. How online education can help erase the skills gap. REVIEWS 10 Fixing Autism Research 68 Do MOOCs Actually Work? For starters, we can stop College survived. But online searching for a “cure.” courses are still worthwhile. 11 The World Needs Anonymity By Justin Pope It’s not always a bad idea to 72 The Aura Apps keep your identity to yourself. Do digital ilters change the 12 On Creativity meaning of the “past”? A newly unearthed, previously By A. D. Coleman unpublished essay by science 79 Google Glass Is Dead iction great Isaac Asimov. This wearable computer isn’t a hit, but the vision lives on. UPFRONT By Rachel Metz 15 An End-Around for Consumer Genetics DEMO The FDA has stymied 84 Coal Plant Buries Its Own 23andMe, but tests live on. Greenhouse Gases 20 The Mystery of Autism Can coal be clean? Showing that carbon One problem: nobody agrees p. 84 sequestration can be done. on how to diagnose it. By Peter Fairley 21 Voice Recognition for the January / February 2015 Internet of Things 45 YEARS AGO Getting your thermostat to 88 Education by Machine recognize your voice. 28 | Can Japan Recapture Its Solar Power? When the teacher is a 22 Ultrasound Gets Small A lesson in the political vulnerability of renewable energy. computer, learning can get How a new chip could upend By Peter Fairley personalized. diagnostics. 24 Will a Breakthrough Solar 36 | Solving the Autism Puzzle ON THE COVER Technology See Daylight? A new approach to finding the genes behind autism A startup’s record-breaking shows promise. By Stephen S. Hall cells meet economic reality. 44 | Desalination out of Desperation Q+A Severe droughts are making researchers rethink how we 26 Shanley Kane can get fresh water. By David Talbot Is Silicon Valley hopelessly sexist? 50 | The Troll Hunters Illustration by R. Sikoryak Exposing thugs, bullies, and racists on the Internet seems based on Tintin in Tibet, like a good thing. Can it go too far? By Adrian Chen by Hergé, 1960 PHOTOGRAPH BY JENN ACKERMAN AND TIM GRUBER TIM AND ACKERMAN JENN BY PHOTOGRAPH 4 Discover how technology will change the world for the better. Join us. Exclusive Content Full access to print and digital content, including exclusive videos, interviews, features, Business Reports, and special publications. Unique Experiences Exclusive discount ofers and opportunities, like preferred seating, speaker meet-and-greets, and private networking sessions. Impassioned Community The premier community of leaders and innovators who seek to understand and inluence technology in the world around them. technologyreview.com/GetInsider MIT TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOL. 118 | NO. 1 TECHNOLOGYREVIEW.COM Editor in Chief and Publisher CORPORATE ADVERTISING SALES CONSUMER MARKETING Jason Pontin President Director of Advertising Sales VP, Consumer Revenues and Marketing Kathleen Kennedy James Friedman Bruce Rhodes EDITORIAL [email protected] Chief Financial Oicer Director of Marketing and Communications Editor 617-475-8015 David Rotman Rick Crowley David W.M. Sweeney Midwest Sales Director Chief Operating Oicer Deputy Editor Maureen Elmaleh MIT ENTERPRISE FORUM, INC. James Coyle Brian Bergstein [email protected] Executive Director Director of International 303-975-6381 News and Analysis Editor Antoinette Matthews Business Development Will Knight New England, Detroit, and Canada Director of Chapter Leadership and Process Antoinette Matthews Barry Echavarria Chief Correspondent Gaylee Duncan Executive Assistants [email protected] David Talbot Director of Communications Giovanna Bortolamedi 603-924-4546 Joyce Chen San Francisco Bureau Chief Leila Snyder Mid-Atlantic and Southeast Tom Simonite Chairman Manager of Information Technology Clive Bullard [email protected] Jason Pontin Senior Editor, Materials Colby Wheeler 845-231-0846 Kevin Bullis President Oice Manager West Coast Kathleen Kennedy Senior Editor, Business Reports Linda Cardinal Rob Finley Nanette Byrnes Treasurer FINANCE [email protected] 415-659-2982 James Coyle Senior Editor, MIT News General Ledger Manager Alice Dragoon Olivia Male Europe CUSTOMER SERVICE AND Anthony Fitzgerald SUBSCRIPTION INQUIRIES Senior Editor, Mobile Accountant Rachel Metz [email protected]
Recommended publications
  • Chomsky and Pollin: We Can't Rely on Private Sector for Necessary

    Chomsky and Pollin: We Can't Rely on Private Sector for Necessary

    So-Called Democratic “Moderates” Are Actually Right-Wingers Who Have Always Thrown Up Roadblocks To Social Progress CJ Polychroniou The U.S. is the only liberal-democratic country in the world with a political system set up for two mainstream parties, a long and continuous history of union suppression, and without a major socialist party at the national level. How is it possible that the world’s largest economy has a crumbling infrastructure (“shabby beyond belief” is how the CEO of Legal & General, a multinational financial services and asset management company, described it back in 2016), and ranks in the lower half of second tier countries, behind economic powerhouses Cyprus and Greece, on the 2020 Social Progress Index? It’s the politics, stupid! The United States is the only liberal-democratic country in the world with a political system set up for two mainstream parties, a long and continuous history of union suppression, and without a major socialist party at the national level. Indeed, the countries that perform best on the Social Progress Index have multi- party systems, strong labor unions, a plethora of left-wing parties, and adhere to the social democratic model. In other words, politics explains why the United States did not develop a European-style welfare state. Political factors also explain why economic inequalities are so huge in the US and the middle class is shrinking; why the quality of America’s health care system is dead last when compared with other western, industrialized nations; why there are millions of homeless people; and why the infrastructure resembles that of a third-world country.
  • Bots and Political Influence: a Sociotechnical Investigation of Social Network Capital

    Bots and Political Influence: a Sociotechnical Investigation of Social Network Capital

    International Journal of Communication 10(2016), 4952–4971 1932–8036/20160005 Bots and Political Influence: A Sociotechnical Investigation of Social Network Capital DHIRAJ MURTHY1 University of Texas at Austin, USA ALISON B. POWELL London School of Economics, UK RAMINE TINATI University of Southampton, UK NICK ANSTEAD London School of Economics, UK LESLIE CARR SUSAN J. HALFORD MARK WEAL University of Southampton, UK This study explains how bots interact with human users and influence conversational networks on Twitter. We analyze a high-stakes political environment, the UK general election of May 2015, asking human volunteers to tweet from purpose-made Twitter accounts—half of which had bots attached—during three events: the last Prime Dhiraj Murthy: [email protected] Alison B. Powell: [email protected] Ramine Tinati: [email protected] Nick Anstead: [email protected] Leslie Carr: [email protected] Susan J. Halford: [email protected] Mark Weal: [email protected] Date submitted: 2016-08-30 1 The authors gratefully acknowledge the feedback from the day-long workshop Algorithms, Automation and Politics, organized by the European Research Council–funded Computational Propaganda project of the Oxford Internet Institute and held as a preconference to the International Communication Association Meeting in Fukuoka, Japan, in June 2016. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Research Council. Copyright © 2016 (Dhiraj Murthy, Alison B. Powell, Ramine Tinati, Nick Anstead, Leslie Carr, Susan J.
  • Disinformation, and Influence Campaigns on Twitter 'Fake News'

    Disinformation, and Influence Campaigns on Twitter 'Fake News'

    Disinformation, ‘Fake News’ and Influence Campaigns on Twitter OCTOBER 2018 Matthew Hindman Vlad Barash George Washington University Graphika Contents Executive Summary . 3 Introduction . 7 A Problem Both Old and New . 9 Defining Fake News Outlets . 13 Bots, Trolls and ‘Cyborgs’ on Twitter . 16 Map Methodology . 19 Election Data and Maps . 22 Election Core Map Election Periphery Map Postelection Map Fake Accounts From Russia’s Most Prominent Troll Farm . 33 Disinformation Campaigns on Twitter: Chronotopes . 34 #NoDAPL #WikiLeaks #SpiritCooking #SyriaHoax #SethRich Conclusion . 43 Bibliography . 45 Notes . 55 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study is one of the largest analyses to date on how fake news spread on Twitter both during and after the 2016 election campaign. Using tools and mapping methods from Graphika, a social media intelligence firm, we study more than 10 million tweets from 700,000 Twitter accounts that linked to more than 600 fake and conspiracy news outlets. Crucially, we study fake and con- spiracy news both before and after the election, allowing us to measure how the fake news ecosystem has evolved since November 2016. Much fake news and disinformation is still being spread on Twitter. Consistent with other research, we find more than 6.6 million tweets linking to fake and conspiracy news publishers in the month before the 2016 election. Yet disinformation continues to be a substantial problem postelection, with 4.0 million tweets linking to fake and conspiracy news publishers found in a 30-day period from mid-March to mid-April 2017. Contrary to claims that fake news is a game of “whack-a-mole,” more than 80 percent of the disinformation accounts in our election maps are still active as this report goes to press.
  • Spring 2017 Industry Study Industry Report Electronics

    Spring 2017 Industry Study Industry Report Electronics

    Spring 2017 Industry Study Industry Report Electronics The Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy National Defense University Fort McNair, Washington, DC 20319-5062 i ELECTRONICS 2017 ABSTRACT: While currently assessed as mature and healthy, the global semiconductor industry is facing a strategic inflection point. This inflection will shape a future for the industry that is significantly different than the past. Although outlook for that future remains favorable, numerous challenges place that future at risk. Challenges found in Chinese competition, skilled workforce shortages, commercial semiconductor market shifts, unique DoD electronics needs, and ongoing requirements for rapid innovation threaten the stability of the market, the U.S. competitive advantage, and U.S. economic and national security. Future success in the industry hinges upon policies which address these challenges and enable U.S. companies to embrace future opportunities. LTC Khalid Alothman, Saudi Arabian Army CDR Terri L. Gabriel, U.S. Navy LTC Kevin F. Hanrahan, U.S. Army COL Jeffrey Howell, U.S. Army Mr. Benjamin Lam, U.S. Dept. of State Mr. Steven Mapes, Office of the Secretary of Defense Lt Col Adrian Meyer, Air National Guard COL Michael Samson, Philippine Army Col James E. Smith, U.S. Air Force Mr. Keith Smithson, Dept. of Energy COL William Smoot, U.S. Army Mr. Sim Walker, Dept. of the Army Lt Col Aaron Weiner, U.S. Air Force Ms. Denise L. Williams, Office of the Secretary of Defense Dr. Stephen Basile, Faculty Mr. Michael Dixon, Department of State, Faculty Col Thomas A. Santoro, Jr., U.S. Air Force, Faculty ii Industry Study Outreach and Field Studies On Campus Presenters BAE Systems, Inc., Arlington, VA Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, U.S.
  • MIT Club of San Diego Fund” (To Donate, Go to and Type “San Diego” in the Search Box

    MIT Club of San Diego Fund” (To Donate, Go to and Type “San Diego” in the Search Box

    View this email in a web page MIT San Club of Diego April 2014 Newsletter Editor's Note: We are trying a new approach to our website and newsletter. Instead of lots of text on the home page or in the Newsletter, we will have titles, summaries and links to each article. This should make our Home Page and Newsletters more concise and make it possible to input the content only once. If you would like to participate in this project to improve our communications, including our social media communications, please email me. Thanks, Ollie Smoot News Jerry's Thoughts: Our Club is "Running at Full tilt." We have a lot going in San Diego. I hope that our activities are attractive to you. If you think of other things we can do, please send me an email. Dan Oliver '60 SB II, one of our most active members, will be running in his 42nd marathon including his 4th Boston Marathon on Monday, 21 April. In addition to this set of remarkable athletic accomplishments, Dan was also instrumental in organizing the “MIT Strong Team” (http://mitstrong.mit.edu/team/oliver) after speaking with President Rafael Reif during his visit to LA a few months ago. He also garnered more than $3,100 in donations to the Sean A. Collier Memorial Fund. Let’s cheer Dan on and wish him and his fellow runners the very best of luck! We continue to have organized many excellent Programs during the past two months, including: 23 Feb - Alumnae Happy Hour 6 Mar - Toast to Friends with UC-Berkeley and Ohio State at R-Gang 8 Mar - FIRST Robotics Event 12 Mar - UCSD Prof Todd Coleman (ex-MIT) Lab 27 Mar - Admitted Student Reception 3 Apr - Presentation by Prof.
  • FY2020 Report to the President Overview This Year, the MIT Alumni

    FY2020 Report to the President Overview This Year, the MIT Alumni

    MIT Alumni Association ~ FY2020 Report to the President Overview This year, the MIT Alumni Association (the Association or MITAA), along with the rest of the Institute, experienced the challenging headwinds generated by the Jeffrey Epstein-MIT Media Lab matter, followed by the once-in-a-century Covid-19 pandemic that produced impacts on all aspects of society. Later in the academic year, the widespread antiracism movement, sparked by police violence, added further complexity and offered opportunity for connecting with our community. These extraordinary circumstances, though, did not deter the Association from staying the course in year three of its Strategic Plan with its North Star Vision: to engage and inspire the global MIT community to make a better world. It was the foundational partnerships between the Association, its Board of Directors, key Institute leaders, and many dedicated volunteers and donors that helped to keep the MIT community of alumni and alumnae, parents, and friends close and engaged throughout the year. Following the revelations of MIT’s engagements with Jeffrey Epstein, the Association served as a conduit between the Institute and the alumni/ae community, providing senior leadership and the MIT Corporation with important insights on sentiment and offering opportunities for repair and restoration. This worked help diffuse tensions and kept our alumni community focused on the long- term health of MIT. In the final weeks of the academic year, as the MITAA was pivoting its signature event, Tech Reunions, to a virtual global gathering, the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis and the calls for social justice prompted the Institute to affirm and energize its commitment to diversity, equity, and inclusion.
  • S:\FULLCO~1\HEARIN~1\Committee Print 2018\Henry\Jan. 9 Report

    S:\FULLCO~1\HEARIN~1\Committee Print 2018\Henry\Jan. 9 Report

    Embargoed for Media Publication / Coverage until 6:00AM EST Wednesday, January 10. 1 115TH CONGRESS " ! S. PRT. 2d Session COMMITTEE PRINT 115–21 PUTIN’S ASYMMETRIC ASSAULT ON DEMOCRACY IN RUSSIA AND EUROPE: IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY A MINORITY STAFF REPORT PREPARED FOR THE USE OF THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED FIFTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JANUARY 10, 2018 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations Available via World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 28–110 PDF WASHINGTON : 2018 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 15 2010 04:06 Jan 09, 2018 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5012 Sfmt 5012 S:\FULL COMMITTEE\HEARING FILES\COMMITTEE PRINT 2018\HENRY\JAN. 9 REPORT FOREI-42327 with DISTILLER seneagle Embargoed for Media Publication / Coverage until 6:00AM EST Wednesday, January 10. COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS BOB CORKER, Tennessee, Chairman JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland MARCO RUBIO, Florida ROBERT MENENDEZ, New Jersey RON JOHNSON, Wisconsin JEANNE SHAHEEN, New Hampshire JEFF FLAKE, Arizona CHRISTOPHER A. COONS, Delaware CORY GARDNER, Colorado TOM UDALL, New Mexico TODD YOUNG, Indiana CHRISTOPHER MURPHY, Connecticut JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming TIM KAINE, Virginia JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts ROB PORTMAN, Ohio JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon RAND PAUL, Kentucky CORY A. BOOKER, New Jersey TODD WOMACK, Staff Director JESSICA LEWIS, Democratic Staff Director JOHN DUTTON, Chief Clerk (II) VerDate Mar 15 2010 04:06 Jan 09, 2018 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 S:\FULL COMMITTEE\HEARING FILES\COMMITTEE PRINT 2018\HENRY\JAN.
  • Bibliography: Bias in Artificial Intelligence

    Bibliography: Bias in Artificial Intelligence

    NIST A.I. Reference Library Bibliography: Bias in Artificial Intelligence Abdollahpouri, H., Mansoury, M., Burke, R., & Mobasher, B. (2019). The unfairness of popularity bias in recommendation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1907.13286. Abebe, R., Barocas, S., Kleinberg, J., Levy, K., Raghavan, M., & Robinson, D. G. (2020, January). Roles for computing in social change. Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 252-260. Aggarwal, A., Shaikh, S., Hans, S., Haldar, S., Ananthanarayanan, R., & Saha, D. (2021). Testing framework for black-box AI models. arXiv preprint. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/pdf/2102.06166.pdf Ahmed, N., & Wahed, M. (2020). The De-democratization of AI: Deep learning and the compute divide in artificial intelligence research. arXiv preprint arXiv:2010.15581. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2010/2010.15581.pdf. AI Now Institute. Algorithmic Accountability Policy Toolkit. (2018). Retrieved from: https://ainowinstitute.org/aap-toolkit.html. Aitken, M., Toreini, E., Charmichael, P., Coopamootoo, K., Elliott, K., & van Moorsel, A. (2020, January). Establishing a social licence for Financial Technology: Reflections on the role of the private sector in pursuing ethical data practices. Big Data & Society. doi:10.1177/2053951720908892 Ajunwa, I. (2016). Hiring by Algorithm. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2746078 Ajunwa, I. (2020, Forthcoming). The Paradox of Automation as Anti-Bias Intervention, 41 Cardozo, L. Rev. Amini, A., Soleimany, A. P., Schwarting, W., Bhatia, S. N., & Rus, D. (2019, January). Uncovering and mitigating algorithmic bias through learned latent structure. Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, 289-295. Amodei, D., Olah, C., Steinhardt, J., Christiano, P., Schulman, J., & Mané, D.
  • Weaving the Dark Web: Legitimacy on Freenet, Tor, and I2P (Information

    Weaving the Dark Web: Legitimacy on Freenet, Tor, and I2P (Information

    The Information Society Series Laura DeNardis and Michael Zimmer, Series Editors Interfaces on Trial 2.0, Jonathan Band and Masanobu Katoh Opening Standards: The Global Politics of Interoperability, Laura DeNardis, editor The Reputation Society: How Online Opinions Are Reshaping the Offline World, Hassan Masum and Mark Tovey, editors The Digital Rights Movement: The Role of Technology in Subverting Digital Copyright, Hector Postigo Technologies of Choice? ICTs, Development, and the Capabilities Approach, Dorothea Kleine Pirate Politics: The New Information Policy Contests, Patrick Burkart After Access: The Mobile Internet and Inclusion in the Developing World, Jonathan Donner The World Made Meme: Public Conversations and Participatory Media, Ryan Milner The End of Ownership: Personal Property in the Digital Economy, Aaron Perzanowski and Jason Schultz Digital Countercultures and the Struggle for Community, Jessica Lingel Protecting Children Online? Cyberbullying Policies of Social Media Companies, Tijana Milosevic Authors, Users, and Pirates: Copyright Law and Subjectivity, James Meese Weaving the Dark Web: Legitimacy on Freenet, Tor, and I2P, Robert W. Gehl Weaving the Dark Web Legitimacy on Freenet, Tor, and I2P Robert W. Gehl The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 2018 Robert W. Gehl All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. This book was set in ITC Stone Serif Std by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available. ISBN: 978-0-262-03826-3 eISBN 9780262347570 ePub Version 1.0 I wrote parts of this while looking around for my father, who died while I wrote this book.
  • What's a Patent Owner To

    What's a Patent Owner To

    Winter 2018 Vol. 16, Issue 1 A review of developments in Intellectual Property Law Motions to Amend at the PTAB after Aqua Products, Inc. v. Matal – What’s a Patent Owner to Do? By Andrew W. Williams, Ph.D. conducted by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board shifting to the patent owner, however, was In 2011, Congress enacted (“PTAB” or “Board”) that analyzed statistics in not found in either the statute or the rules the America Invents Act and all IPRs, CBMs, and PGRs. The third and most promulgated by the Patent Office. Instead, the created new mechanisms recent iteration included data through the Fiscal PTAB interpreted its regulations in an early to challenge issued claims Year 2017 (which ended on September 30, decision, Idle Free Sys., Inc. v. Bergstrom, Inc.1 at the Patent Office. The 2017). The first thing this study revealed is that In Idle Free, the PTAB indicated that the burden goal was to expeditiously motions to amend were filed in only 275 out is on the patent owner to show “a patentable resolve issues of patent of 2,766 completed trials, or 10%. The Board distinction over the prior art of record and also validity in response to the counted a trial as “completed” when it was prior art known to the patent owner.”2 The public outcry that validity terminated due to settlement, when there was Board subsequently relaxed the patent owner’s challenges in the federal courts were too a request for adverse judgement, when it was burden in MasterImage 3D, Inc. v.
  • When Will Someone Bring the Future Forward Faster?

    When Will Someone Bring the Future Forward Faster?

    B:16.625” T:16.375” S:15.625” B:10.75” T:10.5” S:10” When will someone bring the future forward faster? We started by connecting the phone to the Internet, now we’re connecting the Internet to everything. By inventing technologies that connect your car, your home, and the cities in which we all live, we’re accelerating a smarter, more seamless and intuitively synchronized world. We are Qualcomm, and these are just a few of the ways we’re bringing the future forward faster. #WhyWait to join the discussion Qualcomm.com/WhyWait © 2016 Qualcomm Incorporated. Qualcomm is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated, registered in the United States and other countries. Why Wait is a trademark of Qualcomm Incorporated. Untitled-2 2 11/30/15 2:26 PM D22648_1a_P56191 Brain_MIT-Tech-Review_DEC_m3.indd D22648c01A_Brain_Blue_3u.tif 11.23.15 Epson HP Client: QUALCOMM Document: P56191 Brain_MIT-Tech-Review_DEC_m3.indd Date: 11-20-2015 4:01 PM Notes: December Job No.: P56191 DDB Office: San Francisco Trim: 16.375” x 10.5” Description: MIT TECH REVIEW 1 Pick-up Job No.: NONE Gutter: None Color(s): 4C Miller, Jason APPROVAL DATE OK/WC APPROVAL DATE OK/WC APPROVAL DATE OK/WC APPROVAL DATE OK/WC APPROVAL DATE OK/WC APPROVAL DATE OK/WC APPROVAL DATE OK/WC APPROVAL DATE OK/WC APPROVAL DATE OK/WC APPROVAL DATE OK/WC B:16.625” T:16.375” S:15.625” B:10.75” T:10.5” S:10” When will someone bring the future forward faster? We started by connecting the phone to the Internet, now we’re connecting the Internet to everything.
  • FCJ-156 Hacking the Social: Internet Memes, Identity Antagonism, and the Logic of Lulz

    FCJ-156 Hacking the Social: Internet Memes, Identity Antagonism, and the Logic of Lulz

    The Fibreculture Journal issn: 1449-1443 DIGITAL MEDIA + NETWORKS + TRANSDISCIPLINARY CRITIQUE issue 22 2013: Trolls and the Negative Space of the Internet FCJ-156 Hacking the Social: Internet Memes, Identity Antagonism, and the Logic of Lulz Ryan M. Milner College of Charleston Abstract: 4chan and reddit are participatory media collectives undergirded by a “logic of lulz” that favours distanced irony and critique. It often works at the expense of core identity categories like race and gender. However, the logic need not be entirely counterproductive to public discourse. Provided that diverse identities find voice instead of exclusion, these sites may facilitate vibrant, agonistic discussion instead of disenfranchising antagonism. In order to assess this potential for productive agonism, I undertook a critical discourse analysis of these collectives. Emphasising the image memes they produce, I evaluated discourses on race and gender. Both race and gender representations were dominated by familiar stereotypes and partial representations. However, while dissenting perspectives on race were repressed or excluded, dissenting perspectives on gender were vocalised and contested. The ‘logic of lulz’ facilitated both dominance and counter, each articulated with heavy reliance on irony and critique. This logic ambiguously balanced agonism and antagonism, but contestation provided sharper engagement than repression. 62 FCJ-156 fibreculturejournal.org Ryan M. Milner ‘A troll exploits social dynamics like computer hackers exploit security loop- holes…’ (Adrian Chen, 2012 October 12) In October 2012, reddit – a popular link aggregation service and public discussion forum – was embroiled in a prominent controversy. Adrian Chen, a journalist for the news site Gawker, had just revealed the ‘offline’ identity of Violentacrez, one of reddit’s ‘most reviled characters but also one if its most beloved users’ (Chen, 2012 October 12).