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The Future of Work Shocking Brain Repairs Lyft Business Report p. 63 The Future of Work Feature p. 54 Shocking Brain Repairs Feature p. 48 Lyft: Sell Your Car VOL. NO. NOVEMBER/DECEMBER US . /CAN . P. ND15_cover.indd 1 10/1/15 12:00 PM Untitled-2 2 10/2/15 4:20 PM Untitled-2 3 10/2/15 4:20 PM MIT TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOL. | NO. TECHNOLOGYREVIEW.COM From the Editor Here are some English-language tweets debate about whether social media from jihadis fighting for the Islamic had been instrumental in the success- State of Iraq and Syria, also known ful uprising against the dictatorships as ISIS: “I just noticed our martyred of North Africa. Pollock’s reporting in brother r.a. had a tumblr (I know, how “Streetbook” (September/October 2011) could I have missed it). Make sure to showed that there would have been no check it out.” And: “This Syrian guy next Arab Spring without Facebook, because 2 me (AbuUbayadah) is so stoked for our social media “connected people to each op he almost shot his foot o. Come on other and to the world” and those con- bro—safety 1st. :p” And: “Put the chicken nections allowed people to organize and wings down n come to jihad bro.” protest on the street, “where history In “Fighting ISIS Online” (page 72), happens.” MIT Technology Review’s senior writer, But Pollock’s main insight was that David Talbot, describes what a Google we shouldn’t be too surprised that a policy director has called the “viral youth revolt used the preferred tools moment on social media” that ISIS is of the young: “The young make up the enjoying. Talbot reviews the early and bulk of these movements, and inevi- small-scale counter-eorts designed to tably they bring youth’s character to “make one-on-one contact online with their fight for change … Organizing or the people absorbing content from ISIS attending protests gets fitted between and other extremist groups and becom- flirting, studying, and holding down ing radicalized.” a job. Action for this generation is as He writes of a “decentralized” social- likely to be mediated through screens … media campaign by ISIS, supported by as face to face.” sympathizers in the Middle East, North So too, if less attractively, with ISIS. Africa, and elsewhere, who repost ISIS’s “In trying to understand why ISIS is so gruesome videos or produce videos in adept at [using social media to radical- their own languages that inflame local ize young Muslims], one comes back tribal and national grievances in an to a simple explanation,” writes Talbot. eort to join their regions to the self- “The people doing it grew up using the declared caliphate. tools.” Talbot quotes Humera Khan, The reason we care about ISIS’s executive director of Muflehun, a think social-media campaign is that it has tank that opposes extremism among been an animating force in recruiting Muslims: “When you say ‘terrorist use about 25,000 people to fight in Syria of social media,’ it sounds ominous, and Iraq, at least 4,500 of them from but when you look at it as ‘youth use of Europe and North America. Social social media,’ it becomes easier to under- media helped create an army that estab- stand … Of course they are using social lished a new state. media! They are doing the same thing ISIS’s viral moment recalls another youth are doing everywhere.” recent historical moment in the Middle The inescapable conclusion is that East when a movement was called into only widespread rejection of ISIS on being by social media. In 2011, MIT social media by other young Muslims is Technology Review sent John Pollock likely to eectively counter ISIS’s own to Egypt and Tunisia to report on the social-media campaign. Arab Spring. At the time, journal- But write to me at jason.pontin@ ists, new-media critics, and academ- technologyreview.com and tell me what ics were engaged in an acrimonious you think. VITTI GUIDO ND15_front_editor.indd 2 9/30/15 2:10 PM T:8.1875” S:7.1875” #1 IN FIRST-TIER UNIVERSITIES. #2 IN ENGINEERING PHD’S AWARDED. AND ZERO TAXES FROM START-UP NY. Qualifi ed high-tech businesses in New York State can join START-UP NY, which o ers zero taxes for 10 years. And there are many other benefi ts to doing business here, including a huge ecosystem of other high-tech companies, an available highly educated workforce, low real estate prices, and a high quality of life. How can we help your business? Find out at ny.gov/business T:10.5” S:9.5” Untitled-3 1 10/1/15 4:40 PM MIT TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOL. | NO. TECHNOLOGYREVIEW.COM Contents Front Back The Islamic State’s 2 From the Editor mastery of social media, p. 72 BUSINESS REPORT 8 Feedback 63 The Future of Work Technology is changing what VIEWS we do and how we do it. What 12 The Coal Conundrum does that mean for our jobs? India, desperate for clean energy, is stuck with coal for REVIEWS the foreseeable future. 72 Fighting ISIS Online 12 Artificial Creativity The Islamic State is an Internet Computers can make art, phenomenon as much as a but only up to a point. military one. 13 The Treatment Gap By David Talbot Too often, people suering 78 The Hit Charade from mental disorders don’t An algorithm may have created get eective care. the playlist you just listened to. But humans make better ones. UPFRONT By Will Knight 15 Planting Generic GMOs 84 Will Alphabet Become Monsanto no longer controls Something? one of agriculture’s biggest Google’s new holding company innovations. will have to find a way to commercialize what it invents. 17 Construction Drones By Jon Gertner The boss can track progress on the job site, from above. YEARS AGO 18 Bionic Hearing Gadgets Prototype earbuds will help November/December 2015 92 The Case for the Cab you tune out unwanted noise. Decades before Lyft and Uber, a scholar argued for an army of 20 More Life, Less Death 26 | India’s Energy Crisis less-regulated taxis. Population estimates rise even Can India bring electricity to hundreds of millions of as women have fewer babies. people without destroying the climate in the process? ON THE COVER: 22 Meltdown-Proof Reactors By Richard Martin Will molten-salt reactors make nuclear cool again? 48 | Lyft’s Search for a New Mode of Transport 22 Bitcoin Leader Speaks Uber’s archenemy thinks the world will be better o if Gavin Andresen on his plans to we treat cars as a form of public transportation. save the digital currency. By Ryan Bradley 24 Pig Hearts for People A company is genetically 54 | A Shocking Way to Fix the Brain engineering pigs so we can Neurosurgeons hope implanted electrodes could treat use their organs in transplants. intractable mental disorders. But will it work? Illustration by By Adam Piore Tomer Hanuka JAVIER JAÉN JAVIER ND15_TOC.indd 4 10/2/15 1:05 PM Untitled-6 1 10/1/15 6:15 PM MIT TECHNOLOGY REVIEW VOL. | NO. TECHNOLOGYREVIEW.COM CEO, Editor in Chief, and Publisher CORPORATE ADVERTISING SALES CONSUMER MARKETING Jason Pontin President Director of Advertising Sales VP, Consumer Revenues and Marketing Kathleen Kennedy James Friedman Bruce Rhodes EDITORIAL [email protected] Advisor to the CEO Director of Marketing and Communications Editor 617-475-8015 David Rotman Rick Crowley David W.M. Sweeney Midwest Sales Director Chief Financial Ocer Senior Marketing Associate Executive Editor Maureen Elmaleh Brian Bergstein James Coyle [email protected] Julie Swanson Director of International 303-975-6381 Deputy Editor MIT ENTERPRISE FORUM, INC. 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