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Estimation of Flood Risk Management in 17Th Century on Okayama Alluvial Plain, Japan, by Numerical Flow Simulation
T. Ishikawa, et al., Int. J. of Safety and Security Eng., Vol. 6, No. 3 (2016) 455–465 ESTIMATION OF FLOOD RISK MANAGEMENT IN 17TH CENTURY ON OKAYAMA ALLUVIAL PLAIN, JAPAN, BY NUMERICAL FLOW SIMULATION TADAHARU ISHIKAWA1 & RYOSUKE AKOH2 1Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hosei University, Japan. 2Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Japan. ABSTRACT In this study, the hydraulic function of the Hyakken-gawa Floodway, which was constructed in the 17th century to reduce the flood risk to Okayama Castle City, was evaluated by numerical flow simula- tion. The calculation conditions were determined by referring to the records about the floodway in old documents as well as from the numerical data based on the present conditions. The alluvial plain topog- raphy used for the inundation calculation was obtained from recent GIS data. The computation results showed that the flood control function of the floodway was composed of two stages: (1) Just before inundation occurred in the castle city, river water flowed into the floodway by collapsing the earthen dike located at the floodway head; this limited the increase in the river flow rate in the city area. (2) Just before the floodway capacity was exhausted, the backwater generated by the transverse masonry dikes in the floodway induced inundation to the paddy field region, which was on the side opposite to the castle city; this reduced the flood damage in the city area. The results also suggested that the civil engi- neers in the 17th century, who had neither the knowledge of modern hydraulics (including the concept of river flow rates) nor the advantage of using machinery for construction, presumably developed flood risk management strategies by combining the measures possible in those days. -
Chapter 1. Relationships Between Japanese Economy and Land
Part I Developments in Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Administration that Underpin Japan’s Economic Growth ~ Strategic infrastructure management that brings about productivity revolution ~ Section 1 Japanese Economy and Its Surrounding Conditions I Relationships between Japanese Economy and Land, Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Administration Relationships between Japanese Economy and Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Administration and Tourism Transport Relationships between Japanese Economy and Land, Infrastructure, Chapter 1, Relationships between Japanese Economy and Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism Administration, on the assumption of discussions described in chapter 2 and following sections, looks at the significance of the effects infrastructure development has on economic growth with awareness of severe circumstances surrounding the Japanese economy from the perspective of history and statistical data. Section 1, Japanese Economy and Its Surrounding Conditions, provides an overview of an increasingly declining population, especially that of a productive-age population, to become a super aging society with an estimated aging rate of close to 40% in 2050, and a severe fiscal position due to rapidly growing, long-term outstanding debts and other circumstances. Section 2, Economic Trends and Infrastructure Development, looks at how infrastructure has supported peoples’ lives and the economy of the time by exploring economic growth and the history of infrastructure development (Edo period and post-war economic growth period). In international comparisons of the level of public investment, we describe the need to consider Japan’s poor land and severe natural environment, provide an overview of the stock effect of the infrastructure, and examine its impact on the infrastructure, productivity, and economic growth. -
Geography & Climate
Web Japan http://web-japan.org/ GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE A country of diverse topography and climate characterized by peninsulas and inlets and Geography offshore islands (like the Goto archipelago and the islands of Tsushima and Iki, which are part of that prefecture). There are also A Pacific Island Country accidented areas of the coast with many Japan is an island country forming an arc in inlets and steep cliffs caused by the the Pacific Ocean to the east of the Asian submersion of part of the former coastline due continent. The land comprises four large to changes in the Earth’s crust. islands named (in decreasing order of size) A warm ocean current known as the Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku, Kuroshio (or Japan Current) flows together with many smaller islands. The northeastward along the southern part of the Pacific Ocean lies to the east while the Sea of Japanese archipelago, and a branch of it, Japan and the East China Sea separate known as the Tsushima Current, flows into Japan from the Asian continent. the Sea of Japan along the west side of the In terms of latitude, Japan coincides country. From the north, a cold current known approximately with the Mediterranean Sea as the Oyashio (or Chishima Current) flows and with the city of Los Angeles in North south along Japan’s east coast, and a branch America. Paris and London have latitudes of it, called the Liman Current, enters the Sea somewhat to the north of the northern tip of of Japan from the north. The mixing of these Hokkaido. -
Report on Rebuilding Flood-Conscious Societies in Small
Report on Rebuilding Flood-Conscious Societies in Small and Medium River Basins January 2017 Council for Social Infrastructure Development 1 Contents 1. Introduction - Accelerate Rebuilding Flood-Conscious Societies ............................... 3 2. Typhoons in the Hokkaido and Tohoku regions in August 2016 .................................. 5 2.1 Outline of Torrential Rains ........................................................................................ 5 2.2 Outline of Disaster Damage ....................................................................................... 6 2.3 Features of the Disasters ............................................................................................ 7 3. Small and Medium River Basins under Changing Climate and Declining Populations ................................................................................................................................................ 9 4. Key Activities Based on the Report of December 2015 ................................................ 11 5. Key Challenges to be addressed..................................................................................... 13 6. Measures Needed in Small and Medium River Basins ................................................ 15 6.1 Basic Policy ................................................................................................................ 15 6.2 Measures to be taken ................................................................................................ 17 7. Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... -
Dilution Characteristics of Riverine Input Contaminants in the Seto
Marine Pollution Bulletin 141 (2019) 91–103 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Pollution Bulletin journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpolbul Dilution characteristics of riverine input contaminants in the Seto Inland Sea T ⁎ Junying Zhua,b,c, Xinyu Guoa,b, , Jie Shia,c, Huiwang Gaoa,c a Key laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China b Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-Cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan c Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Riverine input is an important source of contaminants in the marine environments. Based on a hydrodynamic Dilution model, the dilution characteristics of riverine contaminants in the Seto Inland Sea and their controlling factors Riverine pollution were studied. Results showed that contaminant concentration was high in summer and low in winter. The Seto Inland Sea Contaminant concentration decreased with the reduction of its half-life period, and the relationship between Hydrodynamic model them followed power functions. Sensitivity experiments suggested that the horizontal current and vertical Residual currents stratification associated with air-sea heat flux controlled the seasonal cycle of contaminant concentration in the water column; however, surface wind velocity was the dominant factor affecting the surface contaminant concentration. In addition, contaminant concentration in a sub-region was likely controlled by the variations in river discharges close to the sub-region. These results are helpful for predicting contaminant concentrations in the sea and are expected to contribute to assessing the potential ecological risks to aquatic organisms. -
(News Release) the Results of Radioactive Material Monitoring of the Surface Water Bodies Within Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba Prefectures (September-November Samples)
(News Release) The Results of Radioactive Material Monitoring of the Surface Water Bodies within Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba Prefectures (September-November Samples) Thursday, January 10, 2013 Water Environment Division, Environment Management Bureau, Ministry of the Environment Direct line: 03-5521-8316 Switchboard: 03-3581-3351 Director: Tadashi Kitamura (ext. 6610) Deputy Director: Tetsuo Furuta (ext. 6614) Coordinator: Katsuhiko Sato (ext. 6628) In accordance with the Comprehensive Radiation Monitoring Plan determined by the Monitoring Coordination Meeting, the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) is continuing to monitor radioactive materials in water environments (surface water bodies (rivers, lakes and headwaters, and coasts), etc.). Samples taken from the surface water bodies of Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba Prefectures during the period of September 18-November 16, 2012 have been measured as part of MOE’s efforts to monitor radioactive materials; the results have recently been compiled and are released here. The monitoring results of radioactive materials in surface water bodies carried out to date can be found at the following web page: http://www.env.go.jp/jishin/rmp.html#monitoring 1. Survey Overview (1) Survey Locations 59 environmental reference points, etc. in the surface water bodies within Tokyo, Saitama, and Chiba Prefectures (Rivers: 51 locations, Coasts: 8 locations) Note: Starting with this survey, there is one new location (coast). (2) Survey Method ・ Measurement of concentrations of radioactive materials (radioactive cesium (Cs-134 and Cs-137), etc.) in water and sediment ・ Measurement of concentrations of radioactive materials and spatial dose-rate in soil in the surrounding environment of water and sediment sample collection points (river terraces, etc.) 2. -
Hydrological Services in Japan and LESSONS for DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
MODERNIZATION OF Hydrological Services In Japan AND LESSONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Foundation of River & Basin Integrated Communications, Japan (FRICS) ABBREVIATIONS ADCP acoustic Doppler current profilers CCTV closed-circuit television DRM disaster risk management FRICS Foundation of River & Basin Integrated Communications, Japan GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery ICT Information and Communications Technology JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency JMA Japan Meteorological Agency GISTDA Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency MLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism MP multi parameter NHK Japan Broadcasting Corporation SAR synthetic aperture radar UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Table of Contents 1. Summary......................................................................3 2. Overview of Hydrological Services in Japan ........................................7 2.1 Hydrological services and river management............................................7 2.2 Flow of hydrological information ......................................................7 3. Japan’s Hydrological Service Development Process and Related Knowledge, Experiences, and Lessons ......................................................11 3.1 Relationships between disaster management development and hydrometeorological service changes....................................................................11 3.2 Changes in water-related disaster management in Japan and reQuired -
Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List
Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List A002: (Advances in Earth & Planetary Science) oral 201A 5/17, 9:45–10:20, *A002-001, Science of small bodies opened by Hayabusa Akira Fujiwara 5/17, 10:20–10:55, *A002-002, What has the lunar explorer ''Kaguya'' seen ? Junichi Haruyama 5/17, 10:55–11:30, *A002-003, Planetary Explorations of Japan: Past, current, and future Takehiko Satoh A003: (Geoscience Education and Outreach) oral 301A 5/17, 9:00–9:02, Introductory talk -outreach activity for primary school students 5/17, 9:02–9:14, A003-001, Learning of geological formation for pupils by Geological Museum: Part (3) Explanation of geological formation Shiro Tamanyu, Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada 5/17, 9:14-9:26, A003-002 YUREO: an analog experiment equipment for earthquake induced landslide Youhei Suzuki, Shintaro Hayashi, Shuichi Sasaki 5/17, 9:26-9:38, A003-003 Learning of 'geological formation' for elementary schoolchildren by the Geological Museum, AIST: Overview and Drawing worksheets Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada, Shiro Tamanyu 5/17, 9:38-9:50, A003-004 Collaborative educational activities with schools in the Geological Museum and Geological Survey of Japan Yuki Sawada, Rie Morijiri, Shiro Tamanyu, other 5/17, 9:50-10:02, A003-005 What did the Schoolchildren's Summer Course in Seismology and Volcanology left 400 participants something? Kazuyuki Nakagawa 5/17, 10:02-10:14, A003-006 The seacret of Kyoto : The 9th Schoolchildren's Summer Course inSeismology and Volcanology Akiko Sato, Akira Sangawa, Kazuyuki Nakagawa Working group for -
Message Board for Disaster (Web 171, Etc.) Disaster Messaging
Information transmission path and collection of information The relationship among the type of evacuation information, your evacuation behavior, the type of flood forecasting of the Arakawa River, and the water level Area where the water will stay for a long time Type and mechanism of flood Urgency Types of evacuation Types of Indication of water levels In the inundation forecast Toda City There are two major types of flood: “river water flood” and Flood forecasting, etc. Evacuation behaviors of the Arakawa River Inland water flood information, etc. Arakawa River Iwabuchi Floodgate (upper) (maximum scale) predicted by “inland water flood.” to be taken by citizens River water ・ Rainwater accumulates issued by the city flood forecasting Gauging Station the MLIT based on the Kawaguchi City River water floodflood at the spot. MLIT/Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)/ High When the risk of human damage ●If you have not evacuated yet, simulation, it is assumed that N This hazard map is Information Kita City, Tokyo Evacuation order becomes extremely high due to evacuate immediately. for ・ There is a rainfall that Tokyo Metropolitan Government Weather, Precipitation, Water level, Arakawa River Flood risk many inundated areas in Kita Burst Video images of rivers, Flood forecasting, Evacuation information, etc. (emergency) a worsened situation such as the ●When conditions outside are dangerous, immediately exceeds sewerage Flood forecasting, etc. Warnings for flood protection, evacuate to a higher place in the building. flood risk water level City will be flooded for not less Sediment disaster alert occurrence of disaster River water flood drainage capacity. information A.P.+7.70m than two weeks. -
Hokkaido Cycle Tourism
HOKKAIDO CYCLE TOURISM Hokkaido Cycle Tourism Promotion Association The Hokkaido Cycle Tourism Promotion Association is a joint venture between the Sapporo Chamber of Commerce Hokkaido Cycle Tourism Promotion Association and the private sector to attract cyclists to Hokkaido. INDEX 03 7 Introduction to the 18 Courses 05 Road Ride Wear Recommendations Based on Temperatures and Time of Year -Things you should know before cycling in Hokkaido- 07 Central Hokkaido Model Course [Shin-Chitose to Sapporo] 11 Eastern Hokkaido Model Course [Memanbetsu to Memanbetsu] 15 Kamikawa Tokachi Model Course [Asahikawa to Obihiro] 19 Southern Hokkaido Model Course [Hakodate] 23 Sapporo Area 27 Asahikawa Area 31 Tokachi Area 35 Kushiro / Mashu Area 39 Abashiri / Ozora / Koshimizu / Kitami Area One of the most beautiful and 43 Niseko Area beloved places in the world 45 Hakodate Area With its wonderfully diverse climate, excellently paved roads, abundance of delicious cuisine and numerous natural hot springs, 47 Listing of Hokkaido Cycle Events and Races Hokkaido is a vast, breathtaking land that inspires and attracts cyclists from all over the world. 01 02 Hokkaido 7 Areas Tokachi Area Kushiro / Mashu Area An Introduction to the 18 Courses Tokachi area is prosperous See Lake Mashu which has the Ride the land loved by cyclists from around the world! 7 agriculture and dairy for its clearest water in Japan, and vast and rich soil plains. You Lake Kussharo, which is the Abashiri / Ozora / Koshimizu / Kitami Area can feel the extensive farm largest caldera lake in Japan. Courses that offer maximum variety view of Hokkaido. Also enjoy Kawayu Hot Spring, and hills of great scenic beauty. -
Flood Loss Model Model
GIROJ FloodGIROJ Loss Flood Loss Model Model General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan 2 Overview of Our Flood Loss Model GIROJ flood loss model includes three sub-models. Floods Modelling Estimate the loss using a flood simulation for calculating Riverine flooding*1 flooded areas and flood levels Less frequent (River Flood Engineering Model) and large- scale disasters Estimate the loss using a storm surge flood simulation for Storm surge*2 calculating flooded areas and flood levels (Storm Surge Flood Engineering Model) Estimate the loss using a statistical method for estimating the Ordinarily Other precipitation probability distribution of the number of affected buildings and occurring disasters related events loss ratio (Statistical Flood Model) *1 Floods that occur when water overflows a river bank or a river bank is breached. *2 Floods that occur when water overflows a bank or a bank is breached due to an approaching typhoon or large low-pressure system and a resulting rise in sea level in coastal region. 3 Overview of River Flood Engineering Model 1. Estimate Flooded Areas and Flood Levels Set rainfall data Flood simulation Calculate flooded areas and flood levels 2. Estimate Losses Calculate the loss ratio for each district per town Estimate losses 4 River Flood Engineering Model: Estimate targets Estimate targets are 109 Class A rivers. 【Hokkaido region】 Teshio River, Shokotsu River, Yubetsu River, Tokoro River, 【Hokuriku region】 Abashiri River, Rumoi River, Arakawa River, Agano River, Ishikari River, Shiribetsu River, Shinano -
The Geobiology and Ecology of Metasequoia
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/37160841 The Geobiology and Ecology of Metasequoia. Article · January 2005 Source: OAI CITATIONS READS 11 457 3 authors: Ben LePage Christopher J. Williams Pacific Gas and Electric Company Franklin and Marshall College 107 PUBLICATIONS 1,864 CITATIONS 55 PUBLICATIONS 1,463 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Hong Yang Massey University 54 PUBLICATIONS 992 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Conifer (Pinaceae and Cupressaceae (Taxodiaceae)) systematics and phylogeny View project All content following this page was uploaded by Ben LePage on 24 September 2014. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Chapter 1 The Evolution and Biogeographic History of Metasequoia BEN A. LePAGE1, HONG YANG2 and MIDORI MATSUMOTO3 1URS Corporation, 335 Commerce Drive, Suite 300, Fort Washington, Pennsylvania, 19034, USA; 2Department of Science and Technology, Bryant University, 1150 Douglas Pike, Smithfield, Rhode Island, 02917, USA; 3Department of Earth Sciences, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 133, Inage-ku, Chiba 263, Japan. 1. Introduction .............................................................. 4 2. Taxonomy ............................................................... 6 3. Morphological Stasis and Genetic Variation ................................. 8 4. Distribution of Metasequoia Glyptostroboides ............................... 10 5. Phytogeography .........................................................