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Currentbiotica Insect Environment, Vol.18(3)(4), October-March 2012-2013 Insect Environment, Vol.18(3)(4), October-March 2012-2013 ISSN 0975-1963 49 Brought to you by Agri Life CONTENTS India’s largest manufacturers of BioPesticides www.agrilife.in Bt-K, Bt-I, Azadirachtin, Karanjin, Annonin, Trichoderma, Beauvaria, Metarhizium, Verticillium, Paecilomyces etc. Page No Page No Editorial ...................................... 50 Reduviids of Gorakhpur ............ 69 Trichogramma chilonis .............. 51 Organic tomatoes - pests and yield ..................................... 71 Parasitoid on predator .............. 53 Aleuroidicus on ornamental Mosquitoes of Athikulam ........... 55 plants .......................................... 72 Pigeonpea pollinators ............... 56 Uzi traps ..................................... 73 Egg size variability in Talicada. 58 Mosquitoes in paddy fields ....... 74 Noctuid moths of Kashmir ........ 59 Fruit fly on Annona..................... 78 Management of citrus Earhead bug on sorghum ........ 81 leaf miner ................................... 62 Atherigona on sorghum ............ 84 Green scales on Coorg mandarin .................................... 63 Pest succession on chickpea ..................................... 88 Fruit sucking moths .................. 64 Spodoptera on soybean ............ 90 Predator longevity on Mealy bug on medicinal Helicoverpa ................................ 66 plants .......................................... 92 Predator longivity on Biology of rice gall midge ......... 95 Amarasca. .................................. 67 Silkworm pupal proteins ........... 68 50 Insect Environment, Vol.18(3)(4), October-March 2012-2013 Insect Environment, Vol.18(3)(4), October-March 2012-2013 51 Editorial Congratulations I have taken over as the Director of the National Bureau of Agriculturally Congratulations to Dr. Abraham Verghese Important Insects (NBAII) and hence there is a change in address (FRES) London, our Honorable Editor for (NBAII, P.B. No. 2491, HA Farm Post, Bellary Road, Hebbal, having been selected as the Director, National Bangalore - 560 024). In a recent editorial meet, we have decided to Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects, invite short notes only through e-mails and on my behalf Mrs. Viyolla Bangalore. Pavana Pinto would coordinate the editorial matters while Dr. A.K. All people associated academically and Chakravarthy's office would continue as usual. personally with him, know Dr. Verghese as a knowledgeable, conscientious person whose One of the important changes taking place these days in print journals contributions to the field of Entomology are numerous and is the shift to soft versions for reasons of convenience and cost. With invaluable. His ideas and words are a source of inspiration to researchers becoming net-savvy, this shift is only to be expected. many. Always with an intention to reach out and deliver the best Insect Environment is already hosted by the CABI in a PDF format of laboratory results to the farmers, he has relentlessly for their subscribers. But soon Insect Environment is also supported the best of science to the needy. Insect Environment contemplating an online version. From hard to soft is always a hard wishes him and his team the best. decision! Hon. Editor: Dr. A,K.Chakravarthy, The Insect Study and Conservation Network (ISCN), which facilitates Publisher: Mr. Sridhar, Navbarath Publications, the editing of Insect Environment completes 18 years this year. This Editorial Coordinator: Mrs. Viyolla Pinto and the editorial team at Insect Environment was started when we the editors (Abraham Verghese and A.K. Chakravarthy) and the Publisher (S. Sridhar) were far younger! Well, we still are, but would like a still younger lot to move into our network on the editing mode. Dr. K. Sreedevi (IARI, New Delhi) and Mrs. Some biological observations on field-collected strain Viyolla are two such youngsters. May be volume 19 will have its of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii at fluctuating and constant temperatures surprises and versions in store for all of you. Change is always for better and Insect Environment will grow for the best with change, Arun Baitha definitely to cater to insect study and conservation. Division of Crop Protection Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow - 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India Abraham Verghese The most elaborate attempts to brings about pest control by rearing large Hon. Editor number of entomophagic insects and releasing them, have been with Trichogramma (Metcalf et al., 1951). Trichogaramma spp. is being traditionally reared on numerous factitious hosts, often stored product pests such as host such as Corcyra cephalonica Stainton, Sitotroga cerealella (Oliver) and Ephestia kuehniella Zeller. The rearing of these is Log on to www.currentbiotica.com trouble free, economical, where optimum temperature and humidity are generally maintained to maximize production and prevent discontinuity in An on-line journal edited by rearing, at the risk of producing individuals which are poorly adapted for Dr. K. Sreedevi with IE editors as advisors field conditions and vagaries of weather. Trichogramma spp. in the sugarcane field copes with both seasonal and daily fluctuation in temperature. In addition, conditions may vary between the base and 52 Insect Environment, Vol.18(3)(4), October-March 2012-2013 Insect Environment, Vol.18(3)(4), October-March 2012-2013 53 canopy of sugarcane, and between the upper and lower surfaces of when these conditions changed, previously well-adapted strains were leaves. An attempt was made to study influence of fluctuating and constant longer advantageous. temperatures on biological attributes of T.chilonis. Adult emergence was observed as 92.99 and 86.57 % in fluctuating and Sugarcane adapted wild strain of T. chilonis Ishii was collected from eggs constant temperatures, respectively. It was found that adult emergence of sugarcane internode borer, Chilo sacchariphagus indicus (Kapur) at was higher than in fluctuating temperature because the parasitoid the Institute farm in the month of September, 2007. Newly emerged mated withstood high and low temperature, as in sugarcane field. females of wild strain of T. chilonis were kept singly in glass vials. The The female emergence recorded (78.19% in fluctuating temperature) was females were fed on fine streaks of honey-water solution (1:1 v/v). Each higher than that in constant temperature (57.30%). Constant temperature female of T. chilonis was offered 100 eggs (eggs of Corcyra cephalonica was reported to affect the sex ratio of Trichogramma chilonis. Parker and were glued on trichocard) on the first day for 24 h and 75 eggs on Pinnel (1971) recorded a significant increase in the sex ratio of T. subsequent days till it died. Before introducing a fresh trichocard, the evanescens in semi-natural conditions. The poor effectiveness of previous one was removed to another glass vial. Daily counts on survival Trichogramma in the Soviet Union was attributed mainly to breeding at females, number of eggs laid by a female (fecundity) and number of adult constant temperature (Stark, 1944). Reduction in ecological adaptability and female emergence was recorded. The two set of experiment was or hardiness in T. chilonis was due to provision of stable, optimum conducted. In one set of experiment in BOD at constant temperature (28 condition of rearing. In general, it is not possible to maintain field quality ± 20C and 70 ± 5% RH ) and second set of experiment at fluctuating while simultaneously increasing rearing quantity.The fitness in one temperature (22-320C and 60-70% RH) in the laboratory. There were ten environment (field conditions) was lower than the second environment replications in each set of experiment. (laboratory condition). Given a long-term programme of field release, one The mean longevity of T.chilonis at fluctuating temperatures and constant efficient approach to optimizing effectiveness is to sequentially establish temperature was 3.2 and 6.59 days, respectively (Table 1). It showed a new strain (population), with old strain (population) discarded once they profound influence on the longevity of T.chilonis in fluctuating temperature. have evolved beyond the optimum. The fecundity in fluctuating temperature was recorded as 69 as higher References: than that contant temperature (56.25). It was found that the decreased longevity at fluctuating temperatures compensated for increase fecundity. Metcalfe, C.L., Flint, W.P and Metcalfe, R.L.1951. Destructive and Useful Insects, McGraw Hill Book Co., New York. The wild strain showing a high degree of genetic variability, readly accepted laboratory hosts and flourished even in the first generation at Parker, F.D. and Pinnel, R.E. 1971. J. Econ. Ent., 64: 80-85. fluctuating temperature as compare to constant temperature. Stark, V.1944. Proc. Lenin.Acad. Agric. Sci. USSR, 9: 26-27. Adaptation to captivity generally increased productivity but at a cost of low quality. Wild strain of T.chilonis were well-adapted to the field conditions, Record of a parasitoid, Homalotylus hemipterinus (De Stefani) on an aphid predator Cheilomenes sexmaculatus (Fabricius) Table 1. Biological attributes of Trichogramma chilonis at Thania Sara Varghese*, T. M. Bharpoda, Vipin Chaudhary* fluctuating vs constant temperatures and P. K. Borad Department of Entomology, B. A. College of Agriculture Temperature Mean ± SE Anand Agricultural University, Anand - 388 110 India *Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic
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