Also Winter 2013 | Vol. 15, No. 1

Looking Back: 12 Success Stories in 2012 Trust For U.S. Fish, The Pew Charitable Trusts a Rebounding Bounty

The Fact Tank Amid the clamor, the Pew Research Center illuminates the issues shaping the world Notes from the President

n At the international level, more than half a billion Building Bridges for acres of northern Canada’s vast and pristine boreal forest are coming under strict protection, thanks to a the Common Good project led by Pew and Ducks Unlimited. The bo- clear message from the 2012 elections is that the real campaign brings together governments, loggers, American public wants our nation’s leaders to pull hunters, and environmentalists as well as more than A together to address the urgent issues facing fami- 75 companies and 1,500 scientists. The campaign is lies, communities, and our country. This issue of Trust of- bi-national, built on rigorous planning, and driven to fers a compelling glimpse of how people from all walks of achieve tangible results. life—driven by passion for change, precision in their work, and persistence against challenges—are building bridges Breakthroughs like these happen when we heed the to achieve progress for the common good. late Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan: “Everyone is entitled The 12 accomplishments featured demonstrate that to his own opinion,” he said, “but not to his own facts.” even in a nation divided on many issues, we can continue And no one has worked harder to find and disseminate the endless quest for “a more perfect good facts than our longtime colleague, Union” and the vision of our nation’s Breakthroughs like these Andrew Kohut. founders—which has long inspired happen when we heed Andy, president of the Pew Research Pew’s work. Center from its very first day, decided Importantly, each of these successes the late Senator Daniel in 2012 to transition from that posi- demonstrates the power of facts and Patrick Moynihan: tion but continue to provide counsel as information to build support, resolve “Everyone is entitled to founding director. I met Andy in 1995 differences, and advance thoughtful his own opinion,” he said, when he was heading the Times Mirror and informed policies. Pew’s work lays “but not to his own facts.” Center for the People and the Press, the foundation for effective government which soon became the Pew Research solutions by generating objective data, Center for the People and the Press. using research to inform and engage citizens, linking diverse When we decided to consolidate our public opinion and interests to pursue common cause, and insisting on tangible social science research projects in 2004, it was clear that results. In the last year alone, this approach has proved to be Andy should lead the new organization. effective on a broad range of issues. For example: Today, the Pew Research Center is internationally known, respected, trusted, and cited in the media almost daily— n At the state level, Pew helped Georgia, Hawaii, Loui- largely because the center’s work is scientific, rigorous, siana, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania craft and obsessively neutral. As we thank Andy for his many sentencing and corrections reforms to protect public contributions, we’re pleased to welcome the award-winning safety, hold offenders accountable, and control costs. journalist and former Wall Street Journal editor Alan Mur- Through solid research and effective state-level advoca- ray to serve as the new president. Under Alan’s leadership, cy, the policy changes won support from such diverse I’m sure the center will continue to inform and enlighten partners as law enforcement groups, the NAACP, and us with its data and analysis. Americans for Tax Reform—and were enacted by gov- From the center’s legacy to the 12 successes of 2012 ernors and state legislators of both parties. detailed in these pages, a consistent theme emerges: Even in n Nationwide, to help citizens register to vote and find this era of division and gridlock, progress can be achieved their polling places, Pew worked with Google, Microsoft, when we pull together around the facts and focus on the and other technology companies to develop and deploy ties that bind us, the goals we share, and the Union we Web tools and mobile phone applications. By digitally never wish to stop perfecting. connecting the public and private sectors, we put vital Rebecca W. Rimel

information into the hands of 25 million Americans. President and CEO P eter O lson by photograph Contents

The Pew Charitable Trusts

Board of directors Robert H. Campbell Susan W. Catherwood Aristides W. Georgantas J. Howard Pew II J.N. Pew IV, M.D. Mary Catharine Pew, M.D. R. Anderson Pew Sandy Ford Pew Rebecca W. Rimel Doris Pew Scott Robert G. Williams Ethel Benson Wister President and CEO 6 The Fact Tank Rebecca W. Rimel The Pew Research Center’s neutral, nonpartisan analysis of the news and MANAGING DIRECTOR trends shaping the world puts the facts in black and white. By Paul Farhi OF COMMUNICATIONS Melissa Skolfield DEPUTY DIRECTORs 14 A Look Forward to a Promising 2013 OF COMMUNICATIONS Pete Janhunen Pew begins the new year with optimism—and a commitment to nonpartisan, Ed Paisley independent analysis that improves public policy, informs the public, and

Editor stimulates civic life. Daniel LeDuc Editorial Assistants 16 A Look Back at 12 Successes in 2012 Ana Baca From art to oceans, and sharks to school lunches, Pew used evidence-based science Elizabeth Krevsky to protect the environment, advance public health, and strengthen democracy. Contributing Writers Carol Hutchinson Cindy Jobbins 20 A Rebounding Bounty Chelsea Toledo For a quarter century, Pew has been in the vanguard of efforts to improve fed- Photo editor eral fisheries management, and the result “has been a resounding bipartisan Katye Martens success story.” By Christopher Connell Design/Art Direction David Herbick Design 22 Briefly Noted 30 Pew Partners One Commerce Square Pew’s research on federal and state fiscal Pew and its partners worked together to 2005 Market Street, Ste. 1700 issues and other news develop new technology that served millions of voters on Election Day. Philadelphia, PA 19103-7077 26 Phone 215.575.9050 News Keeping Food Safety on the Menu 32 return on Investment Some of Pew’s recent accomplishments 901 E Street NW, 10th Floor 28 Pew Arts Washington, DC 20004-2037 Pew Arts Fellows thrive at arts colonies 36 on the Record Phone 202.552.2000 The power of incentives for performance

Inside On the Internet: Back Cover2 www.pewtrusts.org end Note

Who We Are: The Pew Charitable Trusts is a public charity driven by the power of knowledge to solve today’s most challenging problems. Working with partners and donors, Pew conducts fact-based research and Trust rigorous analysis to improve policy, inform the public, and stimulate civic life. Winter 2013 | Vol. 15, No. 1

The Pew Charitable Trusts Pew is the sole beneficiary of seven individual charitable funds established © 2013 The Pew Charitable Trusts between 1948 and 1979 by two sons and two daughters of Sun Oil Company ISSN: 1540-4587 founder Joseph N. Pew and his wife, Mary Anderson Pew.

Cover illustration by Otto Steininger trust winter 2013 1 Briefly Noted

the states’ reliance on federal grants and aid has increased significantly, ac- States Are Facing an cording to a report by Pew’s fiscal fed- eralism initiative. In 2010, for example, Uncertain Fiscal Future the analysis showed that federal grants hen Congress approved a Because the economic downturn provided, on average, $1 out of every WNew Year’s deal to prevent has been so long and so deep—and $3 in state revenue. That is why choices the nation from falling over the fiscal because the recovery has been so that federal policymakers are consider- cliff, the question of how much taxes tepid—these policymakers have ing to cut the deficit could have a huge would increase was, at least for the struggled to balance their budgets impact on state budgets. time being, settled. in recent years. They already have In addition, state tax codes are But important questions about exhausted short-term fixes such as often linked in various ways to the federal spending cuts were left tapping into rainy-day funds, using U.S. tax code, so changes to federal tax unanswered and the political leaders one-time asset sales, increasing taxes policies directly affect state revenues— who need to know more about those temporarily, postponing construction decreasing tax receipts in some cases possible reductions are not all in projects, or issuing more debt. They and increasing them in others. Washington. They are the governors have seen state tax revenue decline “Right now, the impact on the and legislators in the 50 states who by $97.9 billion, or 12 percent, in real states isn’t really part of the national are facing tough budget decisions terms from their 2008 peak to 2010. conversation in Washington,” said themselves this spring, the peak At the same time, demand for state Pew expert Anne Stauffer. “Finding season for legislative sessions from services has increased substantially. opportunities for dialogue and com- Augusta, ME, to Honolulu. Since the Great Recession began, prehensive facts about the benefits and consequences of these fiscal decisions are vital to identifying Where solutions that will lead to long-term 9.5% 8.8% States’ stability and effective services 8.8% 10.8% Money Taxes Total Total at all levels of government.” state state Comes Federal revenue 55.2% revenue 44.9% Just as this need to better un- grants 2000 2010 From Service 26.5% derstand the evolving relationship charges 35.5% between federal and state govern- Other ments increases, the ability to do so WA has declined. Federal units in the ME MT ND VT Office of Management and Budget, OR MN NH the Government Accountability ID SD WI NY MA Office, and the Office of Personnel WY MI RI CT IA PA Management that reviewed federal- NV NE NJ IN OH MD state issues have been disbanded. UT IL DE CO WV Congressional subcommittees that CA KS MO VA KY once looked at the subject have NC TN AZ OK new responsibilities, and even the NM AR SC Federal grants as a percentage Census Bureau has cut back its data- AL GA MS of state revenue gathering on the subject. TX 25–30% LA Pew’s fiscal federalism initiative, 31–35% AK which was formed last year, conducts FL 36–40% HI 41–45% original, nonpartisan research and

46–50% partners with other organizations to Leigh H i l bert

2 trust Winter 2013 study the connections between feder- Humpback whales al and state governments’ budget, tax, chase after pilchards, and fiscal policies. It shares the data or sardines, which are among the key forage with policymakers and also convenes fish in the Pacific. meetings of federal and state decision makers to discuss the issues. In November, the initiative issued a study on the potential impact of the fiscal cliff negotiations on states.T “ he public interest is best served by an en- riched policy debate that incorporates implications for all levels of govern- ment and leads to long-term fiscal stability for the nation as a whole,” said Stauffer, who directs the project. For more information, go to pewstates.org/fiscal-federalism. —Daniel LeDuc

Forage Fish Protected on the past half-century because humans “Sound science clearly calls also catch them in large numbers for for leaving more of these fish in U.S. Coasts uses such as bait, nutritional supple- the water to fulfill their ecological t was a big year for little fish after Pew- ments, and animal feed. role,” said Peter Baker, director of Ibacked efforts led to increased protec- The forage fish task force, con- Pew’s Northeast fisheries program. tions for forage species on the East and vened by the Pew-managed Lenfest “More menhaden means more food West coasts of the United States. ocean program, concluded in its 2012 for ocean wildlife, from seabirds to In November 2012, the Califor- report that the fish are worth twice whales and popular game fish such nia Fish and Game Commission as much if left in the water as food for as striped bass.” adopted a policy to protect the small other species than if they are caught For more information, go schooling fish, incorporating recom- directly. California’s new policy to pewenvironmentgroup.org/ mendations from the Lenfest Forage should result in regulations that limit federal-fisheries-policy. Fish Task Force. And in December, new fishing for forage species until —Carol Hutchinson the Atlantic States Marine Fisher- their sustainability is scientifically ies Commission approved the first established. (Learn more at lenfest coastwide catch limit for menhaden, ocean.org/foragefish.) New Nutrition Rules another small but important fish. On the East Coast, Pew, which For School Snacks Forage fish—which include has been pushing hard for menhaden anchovies, herring, and sardines, in protection, thanked its activists for or the first time in more than addition to menhaden—are a crucial contacting the Atlantic fisheries com- Fthree decades, the government part of the ocean food web because mission in support of catch limits. has proposed updated guidelines for they eat tiny plants and animals, Commissioners received 126,000 snack foods sold in schools that will known as plankton, and then are comments from the public before encourage more fruits, vegetables and consumed by larger fish and seabirds. their historic vote to reduce the catch low-fat whole-grain items while limit-

Leigh H i l bert Their populations have plummeted in by 25 percent from 2011 levels. ing sugary drinks and high fat snacks.

trust Winter 2013 3 n Briefly Noted

Sizing up snack foods could make a real difference in the Calories in snacks currently in many schools health of our nation’s kids.” To learn more about the project, Fudge brownie 247 go to healthyschoolfoodsnow.org. Chocolate bar 235 —Chelsea Toledo

Cranberry juice cocktail 205

Ice cream sandwich 173 Cultural Data

Regular potato chips 151 Project Becomes Independent Chocolate chip cookies 140 Nonprofit Calories in snacks under updated nutrition standards fter six years of incubation at Baked potato ch ips 120 AThe Pew Charitable Trusts, the Low-fat milk 102 Getting the new guidelines issued Cultural Data Project has become an has been the focus of the Kids’ Safe independent nonprofit with a national Pretzels (snack-size package) 95 & Healthful Foods Project, a joint board that matches its broad scope. Yogurt 90 initiative of The Pew Charitable The project is a powerful on- Trusts and the Robert Wood John- line management tool designed to Apple 65 son Foundation. Last year, a project strengthen arts and cultural organiza- report found that most of the nation’s tions through the collection of reliable Carrots (1 cup) 49 secondary schools do not sell fruits longitudinal data. Hailed as a national or vegetables in their stores, snack standard, it enables participating The proposal from the U.S. Depart- bars, and vending machines. Al- organizations to track trends and ment of Agriculture sets minimum though many schools have reduced benchmark their progress through requirements for limiting calories the availability of candy, fatty chips, sophisticated reporting tools, empow- and fats while still allowing parents and sugary drinks, the report found ers researchers and advocates with to send treats to school for birthday that this progress had stalled. information to make the case for arts and holiday parties and schools to sell Last spring, a project survey and culture, and equips funders with sweets for fundraisers. After a com- showed that 80 percent of parents favor data to plan and evaluate grantmak- ment period, the new guidelines could national standards that would limit ing activities more effectively. be finalized and take effect as early calories, fat, and sodium in snack and “Especially in an uncertain as the 2014-15 school year. Similar a la carte foods sold in schools and economy, the arts must prove their guidelines for school meals were put encourage young people to eat fruits, ‘investment worthiness’ with solid in place this school year. vegetables, and low-fat dairy items. numbers, because anecdotal evi- “Good nutrition lays the ground- “The new rules are the kind of dence alone is unlikely to persuade work for good health and academic positive change we need to help policymakers or the public of their success,” said Agriculture Secretary reduce obesity rates among children importance,” said Glen Howard, Tom Vilsack. “Providing healthy and teens, which are now more than chairman of the board of the newly options throughout school cafeterias, triple what they were four decades independent project. “The Cultural vending machines and snack bars ago,” project director Jessica Donze Data Project enables arts organiza- will complement the gains made with Black said after the snack rules were tions to make their case as, among the new, healthy standards for school announced. “With many students other things, an economic engine. breakfast and lunch so the healthy consuming up to half of their daily Now is the ideal time to take to the

choice is the easy choice for our kids.” calories at school, these guidelines national level what has already been a iStockphoto

4 trust Winter 2013 hugely successful integration of data it goes national, we look forward 2000 to 2012 and in some instances collection and research on the arts.” to building on this work with even disappeared. In 2000, Philadelphia Howard, who had been Pew’s more regions to help strengthen the imposed the region’s third-highest managing director of legal affairs and entire cultural community.” tax burden on its residents compared general counsel, is a veteran concert For more information, go to with the taxes imposed on non-com- performer and has held leadership culturaldata.org. —Daniel LeDuc muters in the suburbs. By 2012, the positions in several cultural nonprofits city had the 48th-heaviest burden. in Washington. He said that the project One reason was that Philadelphia would have its headquarters in the New Insights Into lowered its wage tax while many historic district of Philadelphia and Philadelphia Taxes Pennsylvania suburbs raised theirs, that its staff, all of which will transi- the study determined. Another major tion from Pew to the new nonprofit, is ince the beginning of the new factor was the city’s failure to raise excited about opportunities to advance Scentury, Philadelphia’s residen- property assessments to keep up with a national agenda for arts and culture. tial tax burden, measured as a per- market values over the 12 years that The project’s new president and centage of income, has been falling were studied. CEO will be Beth Tuttle, a nationally while taxes have risen in many sub- Philadelphia is now preparing to known consultant to cultural and urbs in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, tackle that issue, and the research ini- educational organizations. reversing a long-term trend and mak- tiative has developed a second report The project now spans four time ing the city more competitive with its that examines the challenges the city zones, collecting data from more neighboring communities. faces in that area. Officials propose than 14,000 arts and cultural organi- The finding by Pew’s Philadelphia to change the certified market value zations in 12 states and the District of research initiative came in a report, of every piece of property, the way Columbia. “Here in New York City, Residential Taxes: A Narrowing Gap assessments are used to calculate tax the Cultural Data Project is emerg- Between Philadelphia and Its Suburbs, bills, and property owners’ options ing as a vital resource for research, which analyzed 237 municipalities for dealing with any big tax increases funding, and advocacy,” said Kate in the Philadelphia region. The study that might result. The study, The D. Levin, commissioner of the city’s found that the tax disadvantage of Actual Value Initiative: Overhauling Department of Cultural Affairs and living in Philadelphia versus the Property Taxes in Philadelphia, deter- a member of the project’s board. “As suburbs declined markedly from mined that no large American city in recent years has attempted to do all Philadelphia residents three things at once. have benefited from a lower-than-average “The changes to the city’s property property tax burden. tax system will be a significant transi- tion, and for some, a painful one,” said Larry Eichel, who directs the project. “The report looks at the challenges and experiences of other cities for the benefit of policymakers, who will need to determine how much can be done to alleviate the impact on the thousands of Philadelphia residents who will be looking at significant increases in their tax bills.” Evangelist Rick Warren, left, talks to The reports and an interactive series host Henry graphic can be found at pewtrusts. Louis Gates Jr.

iStockphoto org/philaresearch. —Cindy Jobbins

trust Winter 2013 5 The Fact Tank

As American political ike all great explorations, it started with some curiosity and a compel- discourse grows less civil, ling question: What had happened to more partisan, and divided Mexican immigration to the United LStates amid the recession, increased border secu- by labels of red and blue, rity, and the rise of Mexico’s economy? Candidates the Pew Research Center’s across the political spectrum usually answered that question their own way, based largely on neutral, nonpartisan analysis emotion, partisanship, and dog-eared historical of the news and trends reports. The Pew Hispanic Center in Washington shaping the world puts the tried a different approach: a factual investigation. Using surveys, interviews, and numerous gov- facts in black and white. ernment data sources on both sides of the border, a team of demographers and researchers from the By Paul Farhi center reached a startling conclusion. After four Illustration by Otto Steininger decades during which an estimated 12 million Mexicans moved across the border, the flood of immigrants had dried up and was even showing

6 trust Winter 2013 trust Winter 2013 7 A Conversation with Andrew Kohut signs of reversing. From 2005 to 2010, the center concluded, about Andrew Kohut presided over the Pew Research Center’s burgeoning agenda from 1995 1.4 million Mexicans had moved until he stepped down as president at the end of 2012. He continues to provide counsel on political polling and global attitudes research in his new role as founding director. In a north, offset by the same number conversation with Paul Farhi, he looked back on the center’s formation. who had moved with their U.S.-born children to Mexico. The center laid Farhi: What was it like coming to Pew? we can track over time to show the ways out its finding in the title of its report, Kohut: I’ll never forget the first day, the public opinion, public values, and behav- Net Migration from Mexico Falls to first survey issues. We called it the Pew iors are changing. Zero—and Perhaps Less. Research Center for the People & the Published in April 2012, the Press. The first political survey showed Farhi: The Pew Research Center de- report set off a wave of news cover- that Steve Forbes had drawn even with scribes itself as a nonpartisan fact tank. age that continued for months. Its Robert Dole in New Hampshire in the What does that mean exactly? Republican primary in January 1996. And It means that we are not being conclusions became a thread woven Kohut: all of a sudden there was this explosion of influenced by the political parties or spe- into the debate over immigration telephone calls. All my reporter buddies cial interest groups that have agendas. We policy during the presidential cam- were calling Pew saying, “What is the don’t take commissions; no one comes in paign. The report provided context Pew Research Center for the People & the and buys a Pew survey. We’re interested for, among other things, discussion Press?” And that was the first exposure, in producing factual information about of Republican candidate Mitt Rom- I think, that The Pew Charitable Trusts public attitudes, behaviors, demographic ney’s notion of “self-deportation” got to the amount of attention that these trends in the areas in which we study. for undocumented workers and surveys would generate. President Barack Obama’s executive Farhi: Staying true to your mission is order mandating provisions of the Farhi: Has the nature of the place harder than ever in a world that’s getting Dream Act, legislation that extends changed much since you started? more and more partisan, especially in the some citizenship benefits to the U.S.- Kohut: The values that we have are the news media. Many say there is a left-wing born children of undocumented persistent ones that we’ve had over the take on the news and a right-wing take on years. We’re interested in going in depth. the news. immigrants. We’re interested in rigorous work. We Kohut: We’re helping out in a world It was a textbook moment for the want to study the most important issues in which news organizations that hold Hispanic center and its host organi- of the day. We want to take a long-term the same values that we do have fewer zation, the Pew Research Center. At perspective and establish measures that resources to do the kind of work that the same time, however, there was something familiar about it. The Pew center’s seven information projects have turned out hundreds Alan Murray, a veteran Wall Street Journal reporter and editor. of reports, polls, and studies over the years, and many have Kohut came to Pew in 1995. He had helped to create the landed with similar force. The center’s research—whether docu- Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press, and when menting Americans’ declining interest in organized religion, the Times Mirror newspaper company ended its support of the public attitudes about the credibility of the news media, or the polling operation, he was recruited by Rebecca W. Rimel, the ways that teenagers use their smartphones—often becomes Trusts’ president. In the ensuing years, Pew created a number the plumb line for debates among journalists, policymakers, of like-minded projects to provide timely, objective research and political elites. on journalism, the Internet, religion, global attitudes, and the The research center is in the midst of the most significant nation’s rapidly growing Hispanic population. management transition since its creation by The Pew Chari- In 2003, Kohut joined Donald Kimelman, the Pew man- table Trusts. Andrew Kohut, the eminent pollster who has aging director who oversaw most of this work, and former overseen the center since its inception (and, before that, guided Washington Post reporter Paul Taylor, who would become the the flagship project, the Center for the People & the Press) is center’s executive vice president, in mapping out an idea to moving into a counselor’s role, with a focus on the research bring all of Pew’s information projects under a single um-

center’s global polling projects. His replacement as president is brella: a nonprofit subsidiary of the Trusts to be called the T rusts T he Pew Charitable Martens/ Katye

8 trust Winter 2013 Alan Murray, right, is succeeding Andrew Kohut as president of the Pew Research Center.

Farhi: Looking back, what highlights resonate for you? Kohut: I think a lot about the ways we have looked at the behaviors and attitudes of news consumers to show how the world has changed. In 1990, our research, which I wrote about in an essay called “The Age of Indifference,” showed that young people didn’t know much about the world. In 2005, we redid the survey and showed that even with the emergence of the Internet, with much more information available, there wasn’t much change. I think there’s less imperative to know about world events today. If you came through the Cold War, Vietnam, the Bomb, in the 1960s—really serious stuff—you had to stay connected to what was going on in the world. That has disappeared. ... There’s not as much need to know, and for young people there are so many other distractions. We do quarterly surveys about what people know about the world, and they are really sobering. But they bring home a we do. ... Many of the media polls that do research well but to figure out what statement that Gallup made years ago that were around are gone. to do, what’s important to do, and what’s I live by. And that is, “The American public doable. And we don’t go out and do is short on the facts but long on judgment.” Farhi: How do you decide what to study? things that we think are interesting but we In the end, they tend to make good judg- Kohut: Part of the skill here is to not only can’t get a handle on. ments based on the facts that they have.

Pew Research Center. What started in 1995 with just four my job to present our take on reality and the basis on which employees has grown to 130 staff members based in Wash- we came to those conclusions.” He added, “You can’t have a ington. As the center’s evolution continues, its basic mission conversation about important issues unless there’s some foun- remains unchanged. Kohut, Kimelman, and Murray said the dation of common understanding and some common facts.” research center will hew to the same three-pronged formula that Kohut established when he arrived at Pew: Undertake ne of the center’s guiding principles, he said, is its comprehensive, rigorous research on important issues of the independence. The Pew Charitable Trusts, which day; operate in a nonpartisan and neutral way; and serve up Odoes take stands on policy matters, conducts and is the results in an easily understood, nontechnical fashion. guided by its own nonpartisan research on environmental, Each man uses more or less the same phrase to describe health, state, and consumer issues. But it leaves decisions how the center conducts its research: “We don’t have a dog about what the Pew Research Center staff researches to the in the fight.” Policy pronouncements are forbidden; raw data center’s leadership. “I’m grateful,” Kohut said. “Rebecca Rimel and solid “knowledge creation” are venerated. and Pew’s board really get what we do.” “We don’t give counsel,” Kohut said. “We provide informa- The Pew Research Center’s leaders contend that their neutral he Pew Charitable T rusts T he Pew Charitable Martens/ Katye tion. It’s not my job to convince people of what reality is. It’s approach has become increasingly rare in a city and nation that

trust Winter 2013 9 Capturing the Spirit of Our Times By David Brooks

In the 18th century, the Italian thinker alternative viewpoint and feel its contours, moral and cultural contours of our time. I’ve Giambattista Vico came up with what at its contradictions, the different lenses the relied on Pew Research data to understand the time was a novel insight, that each age people within it rely upon to perceive reality. the typology of the American electorate, has its own climate of opinion, its own web Vico and people after him were intuit- the exact nature of the values divide that of symbols, its own assumptions. There ing, or just guessing. Today we have more feeds into political polarization; to measure is no final, true climate of opinion, Vico scientific tools to measure people’s values how Republican opinions have shifted and asserted. Instead, each has strengths and and disagreements. But to do that intel- how Democratic views have, too. weaknesses. The Homeric Greeks may ligently still requires imaginative insight If Vico were around today, he’d be appall us with their brutality, but they also and empathy—to ask the right questions, working at the Pew Research Center, or at impress us with their mental clarity. The to group people into the right categories. least be as addicted to its website as I am, or k T i m es medieval Christians may impress us with We are awash in political data these because no other organization so reliably their piety but less so with their capacity days, but there is no group I have relied gets a grip on that essential but ineffable for innovation. upon as thoroughly as Andy Kohut and thing, the spirit of the times.

What’s needed, Vico thought, is his team at the Pew Research Center to go David Brooks is a columnist for The New York imaginative insight, the ability to enter an beyond the horse race and measure the Times. H aner/ T he N ew Y Josh

have grown more starkly partisan, and in a political culture either become increasingly partisan or had their reputations that seems increasingly contentious about what constitutes a for nonpartisanship destroyed,” he said. “And I look at how fact. Not long after its formation, the center began calling itself many institutions have the ability to offer information that’s p (i hone); u m a/a

a “fact tank” (a phrase coined by Taylor) not just as a clever trusted by people on both sides of the aisle. It’s a tiny list. And a k motto, but as a way to distinguish itself from Washington’s the Pew Research Center sits at the top of it.”

think tanks. “We had an inkling then that we were headed Kohut’s innovation—what Murray calls the research mp uter); p (Co Z/a for a world of red truth and blue truth,” Taylor said. center’s “special alchemy”—was having journalists and social Murray said he was troubled during his 10 years as the scientists collaborate on the work. Kohut is himself a hybrid. A Journal’s Washington bureau chief by the inability of policy- former president of the Gallup Organization and founder of the makers and elected officials to engage in civil discourse—a polling firm Princeton Survey Research Associates, he began divide, he said, that is due in part to the lack of a shared set working with journalists while with Times Mirror, which then obert Giroux/Getty Giroux/Getty R obert p (forbes); avoia/a of facts. “I look at all the institutions in this town that have published the Los Angeles Times and other newspapers. They orld T rade Center) knew how to report and tell a story; he and his fellow polling (e-reader) ckp hoto g c a k e); isto (weddin ckp hoto teidl/isto g es ( W te p han S

experts knew how to conduct quantitative research. “The trick K NI PP ERT HER M ANN J. T i m eline Photos: S Im a S p ( B ush); Paul R on E d m onds/a T i m eline Photos: m a); p (oba z Monsivais/a Martine a p (bin laden); Pablo m es S Ja Pew Research Over the Years March 2001: Forum on Religion & Public Life created.

October 1995: The Pew December 1996: Pew June 2001: Pew funds December 2002: Global Charitable Trusts begins Research poll finds 12 study of globalization and Attitudes Project reports funding the Center for the percent of Americans go December 1999: Internet global attitudes, leading gloom and growing People & the Press. online to get information & American Life Project to creation of the Global anti-Americanism in first Andrew Kohut is director. about current events. created. Attitudes Project. 44-nation survey.

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

January 1996: First Pew July 1997: Project for Excel- May 2000: Internet & Ameri- August 2001: Hispanic March 2003: U.S. invades Research poll shows lence in Journalism created. can Life Project’s first survey Center created. Iraq. Steve Forbes drawing finds 9 million women went September 2001: Terrorist even with Robert Dole online for the first time in attacks on Washington in the New Hampshire the previous six months, and New York. Republican presidential bringing women and men to primary. parity online. October 2001: U.S. forces begin bombing Afghanistan.

10 trust Winter 2013 in these operations was to teach the reporters to count and to and Amy Mitchell, acting director of the Project for Excellence teach the researchers to write,” Kohut said. in Journalism and a former researcher with the American Enter- The Pew Research Center has a distinguished staff of prise Institute, who helped Rosenstiel found the project in 1997. demographers, pollsters, and researchers, but its leadership By design, the academics and journalists complement one is primarily from journalism. Kimelman, the Pew executive another. It’s doubtful that the center’s work would have the who chairs the center’s board, had a distinguished career same intellectual grounding and necessary rigor without the as a reporter and editor at The Philadelphia Inquirer. Lee cadre of research pros who collect and crunch the data. It’s also Rainie, who heads the Internet & American Life Project, was unlikely that its reports would have the same zip and timeliness managing editor of U.S. News & World Report. Taylor, who, without the input of newspaper journalists such as senior writer

or k T i m es beyond his executive duties, oversees the center’s Social and D’Vera Cohn, religion associate director Alan Cooperman, both Demographic Trends project and Hispanic center, had been formerly of the Post, and the Project for Excellence in Journal- a longtime political reporter and foreign correspondent for ism’s Mark Jurkowitz, who had been at The Boston Globe. the Post. Another Post reporter, Roberto Suro, was found- “It’s important to recognize that what’s happening here is ing director of the Hispanic center. Tom Rosenstiel, who unique,” Murray said. “You don’t see it happening at academic

Josh H aner/ T he N ew Y Josh recently left as director of the center’s Project for Excellence institutions. You don’t see it happening at most think tanks. in Journalism, had been a reporter and media critic at the Los And you don’t see it at news organizations.” Angeles Times. Elizabeth Mueller Gross, the vice president who oversees the center’s operations, was with U.S. News February 2010: Pew Research issues study & World Report for nearly 20 years. And, of course, there’s on behaviors, attitudes, Murray, whose journalistic bona fides hang on his office and values of Millennial p (i hone); u m a/a Generation. a k wall: Pulitzer Prizes awarded in 2000 and 2002 for reporting April 2010: Pew Research projects he supervised at the Journal. reports that 25 percent of Americans express a favor-

mp uter); p (Co Z/a Until Jan. 1 this year, the only nonjournalists in the senior able opinion of Congress, ranks were Luis Lugo, director of the Forum on Religion & the lowest rating in a Public Life, who holds a doctorate in political science from quarter-century. the University of Chicago, and Scott Keeter, director of survey April 2010: Internet & February 2008: Forum on American Life Project research, who has a doctorate in political science from the Religion & Public Life issues reports that text mes- April 2012: Hispanic Center University of North Carolina. They have been joined by Kohut’s detailed survey of U.S. saging has become the reports that net migration religious affiliations. primary way teenagers from Mexico to U.S. has obert Giroux/Getty Giroux/Getty R obert p (forbes); avoia/a orld T rade Center) successor as director of the Pew Research political survey unit, reach friends. stopped—and may have

hoto (e-reader) ckp hoto (weddin g c a k e); isto ckp hoto teidl/isto March 2008: Internet & reversed. Michael Dimock, a veteran pollster who holds a doctorate in American Life Project g es ( W

te p han S reports that a majority of April 2012: Internet &

J. K NI PP ERT HER M ANN J. T i m eline Photos: S Im a S p ( B ush); Paul R on E d m onds/a T i m eline Photos: m a); p (oba z Monsivais/a Martine a p (bin laden); Pablo m es S Ja political science from the University of California, San Diego, people say they would American Life Project have more trouble giving reports that 21 percent March 2004: Project for March 2005: Project for up a cellphone or smart- of Americans have read Excellence in Journalism Excellence in Journalism phone than a traditional an e-book. issues firstS tate of the issues firstS tate of the May 2007: Pew Research wired phone. October 2012: Forum on News Media report. News Media report. Center releases first-ever November 2008: Barack November 2010: Social Religion & Public Life re- nationwide survey of April 2004: The Pew June 2005: Pew Research Obama elected president. & Demographic Trends ports one-in-five adults say Muslim Americans. Research Center is begins series of surveys Pew Research reports it is project finds 39 percent of they have no religious created to house Pew’s examining social trends in June 2007: Apple intro- the most diverse electorate Americans say marriage is affiliation, up from 15 information initiatives. America. duces the iPhone. in U.S. history. becoming obsolete. percent five years earlier.

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

November 2004: George December 2009: Forum May 2011: In the months November 2012: President W. Bush reelected. Pew on Religion & Public Life before Osama bin Laden’s Obama reelected. Pew Research correctly predicts finds one-third of the death, a Global Attitudes Research correctly predicts the results and popular- world’s nations have high Project survey of Muslims margin of the popular vote. vote margin. or very high restrictions finds little support for the November 2012: Kohut on religion. al-Qaeda leader. becomes Pew Research October 2011: Project for founding director. Alan Excellence in Journalism Murray named president. finds that more than half of tablet owners get news on these devices every day. trust Winter 2013 11 The presence of so many journalists, he said, gives the noticed that the voting patterns of young people had begun center its nose for hot topics and averts the academic tendency to veer sharply from those of their elders. Documenting to pursue narrow, inward-looking research that is primarily the diverging voting patterns would have been a relatively of interest to other academics. In fact, on the day we spoke simple exercise (and a duplicative one, given the wealth of (only Murray’s fifth on the job), the morning’sWashington academic political science research). Instead, the center began Post seemed to validate the center’s media instincts. On its a continuing effort to understand generational differences on front page, above the fold, the paper carried news of a Social a range of issues. It led in 2010 to a detailed study of 50 mil- & Demographic Trends study showing that the U.S. birthrate lion Americans in the 18-to-29 cohort, Millennials: Confident, had dropped to the lowest level ever recorded. Connected, Open to Change, that drew contributions from all Such prominent press coverage is one part of the center’s seven of the center’s projects. vision. As Kohut put it, “The idea is to get our material into Smart timing and a little foresight help, too. Reports are the conversation.” Attention from the news media is one often keyed to major news developments, particularly the measure of success; so are invitations to speak to government presidential campaign, which is prime time for the center’s officials. Pew Forum staff recently briefed officials from the public opinion polls and news media studies. Reports typically State Department, United Nations, and European Union on are written in plain, uncluttered language, supplemented by charts and graphics that illustrate im- portant findings. The center popularizes Kohut and others at the center saw voting patterns of its work through media interviews— Kohut is a regular on NPR and the “PBS young people were veering from those of their elders. That NewsHour”—and has found new ways development prompted Pew Research’s continuing effort to get the word out. A midsummer study by the Project for Excellence in to understand generational differences on many issues. Journalism about YouTube’s impact as a news source—A New Kind of Visual News—featured Amy Mitchell in a its one-of-a-kind findings about religion’s role in sub-Saharan “visual discussion” of the report: a video posted, of course, on Africa and religious restrictions around the world. YouTube. What’s more, the most popular features ever to ap- “You go over to the State Department, and they tell you pear on the center’s website weren’t studies or data. They were how important our information about Pakistan is to them quizzes that permitted visitors to assess their knowledge about in making assessments about what the situation is like major world religions and the 2012 presidential campaign. there,” said Kohut. “That’s a pretty good indicator that we Murray and Kohut said they would like to extend the succeeded, too.” center’s approach into new fields. There was talk several years Taylor said one advantage of a journalist-centric organiza- ago of starting an economic project, but that was rejected on tion is its elevated metabolism. Although some of the center’s the grounds that the subject is well covered elsewhere, Kohut research projects are years in the making, many are the said. Both mention education as a promising arena; Murray product of mere months, and sometimes only weeks or days, also believes biotechnology could be fertile. of labor. On each project, “We’ll ask, ‘What are the research More immediately, the next opportunity is outside the questions, and how long will it take to learn the answers?’ ” United States. The research center has established a strong Taylor said. “If the answer is, ‘A couple of months,’ I’ll say, foothold overseas through its Global Attitudes polling group, only half in jest, ‘How about next Tuesday?’ ” which has conducted major international surveys since 2002 on topics of transnational concern such as globalization, s with the Hispanic center’s immigration study, terrorism, and U.S. leadership around the world. The Pew much of the research center’s work starts with an Forum also does survey work and other kinds of research Ainformed hunch, some brainstorming, and a lot internationally—it surveyed 25,000 people in 19 countries of investigative zeal. After the 2004 For more information on the Pew to produce widely cited reports about

election, for example, Kohut and others Research Center, go to pewresearch.org religious tolerance and diversity in Africa B roo k in g s I nstitution

12 trust Winter 2013 An Appreciation by an ‘Original Customer’ By E.J. Dionne Jr.

The polling world has produced many you don’t miss a dimension of how citizens business. He has used factor-analysis and giants, but no one like Andy Kohut. And no come to terms with complicated issues. other statistical techniques to describe the one has created an institution like the Pew Perhaps at this point I should confess electorate not in the usual left/right, Re- Research Center. a bias of my own, in keeping with the sort publican/Democratic terms, but as a series If you are a journalist, Andy is a habit of transparency Andy likes. I have known of smaller groups that tell you more about you never shake. Why should you? He likes Andy for more than three decades and how voters actually think. And he had great his numbers straight, his data bulletproof, began relying on him when I was in my 20s. names for them: The “upbeats” was my his questions unbiased and clear. The earliest quotation I could find from him favorite, and there were the “moralists,” If you are a lover of polls, you know in one of my stories was in a 1980 New York the “disaffecteds,” the “enterprisers,” and that Andy is Diogenes-like in thinking Times article about whether polls should be many others. The changing terms of the that we’re all better off if we can get the used to determine who gets to participate public debate could be measured by the facts right and as close to the truth as in a presidential debate. Andy, who was new groups Andy discovered and the old social science will get you. And if you want then the president of Gallup, didn’t like polls ones that faded away. someone to work with, Andy is your guy. being used that way, and his reasoning With the proliferation of surveys, I am no fan of meetings, but in my time produced a classic Kohut sound bite that consumers aren’t always certain about what with the Pew Forum on Religion & Public really gets at how he thinks. they’re getting, and the 2012 election some- Life, meetings with Andy and his col- “This is a prime case,” he said, “of polls times seemed just an excuse for people to leagues were a joy. It’s fun to watch him being institutionalized, becoming part of the argue about polls. But Andy, as the Jesuits try to solve a problem, and make sure that process instead of measuring its output.” like to say, just kept doing what he was his approach is right. And you always learn Two things about that quotation, the first doing. Several friends have asked me why things at Andy’s meetings, especially the being that word “institutionalized.” Andy I was so certain at the end that President ones dedicated to putting together a new is a great institution-builder, but he thinks Barack Obama was going to win. I offered poll. There is no wasted time, no ego-driv- of himself as an independent outsider all sorts of reasons that I hoped sounded en argument, no bureaucratic formality. unencumbered by obligations that might learned, but eventually got to the real source The purpose is to get at the best survey get in the way of the correct answer. And his of my confidence—Andy’s last poll showed questions, to ask them in the clearest purpose is not to be “part of the process.” Obama three points ahead with the trends and least loaded way, to avoid repetition He really sees “measuring its output” as a moving his way. And the one thing I was where possible—but also to be willing to sufficiently important and honorable role. sure of was this: Andy never gets it wrong. get at the same issue with several ques- I also think of myself as the original E.J. Dionne Jr. is a senior fellow at the Brookings tions if that’s the only way to make sure customer of Andy’s political typology Institution and a columnist for The Washington Post.

in 2010, for example—and more is to come. Last June, Pew’s document worldwide religious affiliations, and with the Bill board approved a substantial increase in the Global Attitudes and Melinda Gates Foundation for a 2012 survey of the digital project’s budget to allow it to expand its work abroad. The in- revolution’s impact on books and libraries. “I believe there ternational focus is a back-to-the-future move for Kohut; one are other potential partners out there who would like to be, of his fondest career memories is of conducting polling in the want to be, and would happily be introduced to the cause,” Soviet Union as it began to collapse in 1990. he said. One of his roles will be to find them. “We’re a trusted source for research in this country,” As the center continues its evolution, the new leadership Kimelman said. “The question is how we take that over- vows that the fundamental values that have guided its work seas. We know there’s a big appetite for it. A Pew Research will remain unchanged. “At the end of the day,” Murray said, Center for Europe, and one for Asia—that’s something we’re “you have to believe that good, reliable, trusted information is interested in.” the currency that democracies live by, and that the availability Murray said he foresees another way for the center to grow: of that information will make the world a better place.” n via partnerships with third parties. The center has done some Paul Farhi reports on the news media for The Washington Post. He last wrote cooperative ventures, such as multilayered projects with the for Trust about the Pew Research Center’s ongoing study of how the public

B roo k in g s I nstitution John Templeton Foundation to study religious attitudes and receives news and information in the digital age.

trust Winter 2013 13 A Look Forward to a Promising 2013

With the public seeking more bipartisan cooperation White House proposed rules for produce growers and food manufacturers to pre- on the pressing issues of the day, The Pew Charitable vent outbreaks of foodborne illnesses. Trusts begins the new year with cautious optimism— The rules are helping to solidify the progress made possible by passage of and an unshakable commitment to nonpartisan, the landmark FDA Food Safety Mod- independent research and analysis that improve pub- ernization Act, a significant bipartisan lic policy, inform the public, and stimulate civic life. success passed in 2010. Pew helped build a coalition of varied interest groups to support the law’s passage, and it con- hen Americans entered to solutions. That makes the current tinues to work for adoption of several voting booths last No- political atmosphere well-suited to the other rules that would codify the act, as W vember, they made their work of The Pew Charitable Trusts, a well as for resources for the Food and choices for the leadership they wanted nongovernmental nonprofit organi- Drug Administration to ensure progress in the White House and in Congress as zation that bases its agenda on solid in protecting the safety of the nation’s the nation moves through the second research, focuses on attainable results, food supply. decade of a new century. But after cast- brings together diverse interests around On another important public health ing their ballots, voters had another shared goals, and operates in a strictly issue, bipartisan support among federal message for the legions of exit pollsters nonpartisan fashion. lawmakers has grown for improving who awaited them: They want more The institution’s policy portfolio for drug safety, also a longtime priority for cooperation among elected officials in 2013 includes a range of issues concern- Pew. Congress will likely consider new addressing the serious challenges fac- ing the environment, the states, public oversight of compounding pharmacies, ing the country and the larger world. health, the economy, and consumers. which customize medicines and are In the days after the election, broad “I’m cautiously optimistic that some largely state-regulated, after a menin- majorities told Pew Research Center of our most important legislative and gitis outbreak last year was traced to a pollsters that President Barack Obama regulatory goals have bright prospects Massachusetts compounding facility. and the Republican Congress should for bipartisan champions,” said Tamera Progress also has been made on leg- work together: Seventy-two percent Luzzatto, who directs Pew’s govern- islation that would lead to a tracking wanted the president to work with Con- ment relations efforts and spent more and tracing system for pharmaceuticals gress, and 67 percent said the Republican than two decades as a top congressio- to detect counterfeit and stolen drugs leadership should cooperate with him. nal staff member. T“ here is a growing and improve patient safety. Pew has Although deep differences between acknowledgement on Capitol Hill that been working closely with members the major parties on many issues con- the voters expect their leaders to focus of Congress and industry leaders who tinue to grab headlines, this desire for less on their differences and more on recognize the merits of strong proposals bipartisan results is raising hope that producing results.” to protect consumers. common ground can be found on policy Already this year the nation has Outside Washington, Pew works in challenges where strong, independently seen what can happen when policy- state capitals, which have long been labo-

determined facts can illuminate a path makers work together. In January, the ratories for democracy—places where iStockphoto

14 trust Winter 2013 policy innovations are developed, tried, chain. In the Pacific, a scientific assess- land also is on the agenda for the new and tested. Gauging the effectiveness ment has determined that bluefin tuna year. Pew is urging the Obama adminis- of policy experiments is essential for are severely depleted, a finding that this tration to protect 12 million acres in the ensuring the public gets a strong return year is expected to lead to the first catch National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska. on its tax dollars. This year Pew and its limits for the prized fish. Pew also has A decision to conserve the land, which partner, the John A. and Catherine T. worked on behalf of bluefin tuna in the is part of the largest contiguous expanse MacArthur Foundation, will expand Atlantic, which have been drastically of unspoiled public land in the nation, an effort called Results First, creating overfished as well, helping international is expected this year. a cutting-edge cost-benefit analysis tool regulators develop an electronic tracking Pew also will continue its work to to help state policymakers. system for every bluefin caught. It should establish a Great Kimberley marine park This work is even more essential at be in place by mid-year. off Western Australia’s coast, including a time in which about half of all state Helping to ensure water quality is new protected areas that would encom- legislators have held their current office another Pew priority, with special at- pass Buccaneer Archipelago—about for two years or less. This type of data tention given to massive concentrated 900 islands and reefs. The campaign is evaluation tool will help this new genera- animal feeding operations. U.S. livestock part of an ongoing effort by Pew across tion of leaders make budget decisions produces more than 500 million tons of the island continent, and resulted in in hard economic times by relying on manure annually, posing a major threat last year’s creation of the world’s largest independent analysis. “Now more than to waterways, and this year the federal network of marine parks, including a ever, citizens expect results from their government may propose new regula- reserve in the Coral Sea. lawmakers, and they are paying close tions to control water pollution from This ambition to take on preser- attention,” said executive vice president those feeding operations. Conserving vation campaigns for large, relatively Susan K. Urahn, who directs Pew’s state undisturbed and ecologically significant policy and public health portfolio. “The areas on land and in the sea will be criti- result voters want is for government to cal in the coming years, said Pew execu- be effective. Whether it is big or small, tive vice president Joshua S. Reichert, at the national level or state level, who heads Pew’s environment the public wants government projects. Technology has al- to work.” lowed people to transform The research, analysis, the Earth in fundamental and coalition building ways that were not possible that Pew brings to bear a century ago—through on issues at the state and mining, overfishing, and national levels also drive other activities. “There its work to protect the en- are not a lot of large, un- vironment in the United disturbed areas left in the States and across the globe. world, and we don’t have a Pew’s efforts stretch from lot of time to make sure they coast to coast in this country, stay that way,” he said. and span the Atlantic and the The public’s desire to see Pacific, reaching halfway around progress—and results—on press- the world to Australia. ing challenges such as those outlined Pew’s work with fishermen, business here, helps put these goals for 2013 interests, scientists, and conservationists within reach. It is Pew’s determination to promote better management of menha- to follow the facts and build support for den in the mid-Atlantic that this year will the achievable that leads the institution result in new catch limits on this forage to be optimistic about the opportunities

iStockphoto fish, an essential link in the marine food for success this year and beyond. n

trust Winter 2013 15 A Look Back at 12 Successes in 2012 Pew’s many accomplishments in 2012 are best summed up by the word diversity. Diversity of subjects. Diversity of partners. Diversity of thinking and imagination. From art to oceans, and sharks to school lunches, Pew used evidence-based analysis to protect the environment, advance public health, and strengthen democracy. Less Crime, Lower Cost After nearly 40 years of un- interrupted growth, prison populations and costs are leveling off and, in about half the states, starting to drop. Many people attribute this shift to budget pressures. But Pew found a more compelling reason: a new focus on letting hard data determine who gets sentenced to hard time. Pew and its partners worked with six states—Georgia, Hawaii, Louisiana, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Pennsylva- nia—to develop policies that The Barnes Barnes lived up to this its new home on Philadel- distinguish between violent challenge of increasing phia’s Benjamin Franklin and nonviolent offenders. Foundation access to art and culture Parkway. The reimagined Violent and career criminals Reimagined through his creation of the Barnes campus preserves go to prison and nonviolent ation remarkable Barnes Foun- the curatorial integrity of offenders go to drug courts President John F. Kennedy dation and its collection the original educational

and other proven alternatives (above) tockphoto said, “I look forward to of Post-Impressionist and institution. Nothing was an America … which will modern art. Pew worked lost in the transition, and to incarceration.These data- steadily enlarge cultural with many partners to a wider and more diverse driven policies will protect opportunities for all of move the collection from audience is enjoying the the public and save taxpay-

our citizens.” Dr. Albert suburban Merion, PA, to beloved Barnes collection. ers millions of dollars. d Donnell/the ba r nes foun Ryan i S d N unuk (top); Davi

16 trust Winter 2013 Checking in Plain English Checking account disclosure statements—intended to inform —too often do the opposite. They obscure the rights and obligations of bank customers, using com- plicated language that is difficult to understand or explain. The median length of the disclosure statements of America’s 12 largest Conserving Canada’s Boreal Forest banks is 69 pages. But Pew fig- The Canadian boreal is and teems with wildlife, newly created 6.5 ured out a better way, developing the largest intact forest is under threat from million-acre Tursujuq and wetland ecosystem extraction industries. National Park in Quebec. a one-page disclosure statement in the world and rivals Pew and Ducks Unlim- It is nearly three times that is written in plain English and the Amazon in size and ited and their Canadian the size of Yellowstone, easy to follow. Pew’s consumer- ecological importance. partners have worked and will safeguard friendly form is already being But the vital wilderness, with aboriginal commu- invaluable habitat and which captures and nities to protect 185 wildlife while preserving used by 15 banks—with more stores twice as much million acres of the the cultural values of progress to come. carbon as tropical forests boreal, including the First Nations.

More Miles and Fewer Emissions

When Americans shop for automobiles, they want to know what is under the hood. Protecting animals which are critical to But they are not asking about horsepower; the health of ocean ecosystems. the No. 1 priority for new car buyers is fuel Sharks Partnering with government efficiency. Pew helped lead a successful Sharks, unjustly cast in books and community leaders from the public advocacy campaign to increase U.S. and movies as relentless preda- Cook Islands and French Polyne- fuel efficiency standards. Starting in 2025, tors stalking our beaches, are sia, Pew helped create the largest an automobile manufacturer’s fleet must

ation now the prey. Humans kill up to contiguous shark sanctuary in average 54.5 miles per gallon, nearly double an estimated 73 million sharks the world: 2.6 million square today’s average. This will save consumers up every year, mostly for their fins, miles. Pew also worked with to $8,000 over the life of a car purchased in tockphoto (above) tockphoto which end up in overpriced soup. American Samoa and Venezuela 2025, compared with one bought in 2010. Some shark populations have to enact shark protections, and The environment benefits, too. Automobiles declined by as much as the European Union Parliament account for one-third of U.S. greenhouse gas 80 percent. Pew is leading a took action to completely ban the emissions. Those emissions will drop signifi-

d Donnell/the ba r nes foun Ryan i S d N unuk (top); Davi global movement to save these cruel act of shark finning. cantly under the new standard.

trust Winter 2013 17 A New FDA for a New Century The Food and Drug Admin- istration is our public health guardian, allowing safe and ef- fective drugs and medical de- vices into the hands of doctors and consumers, and keeping dangerous ones out. But that 21st-century mission ran up against 20th-century barriers to innovation: out-of-date poli- cies, insufficient funding, time- consuming reviews of drug applications, and globalization. (Eighty percent of drugs are imported from overseas.) Pew worked closely with indus- Saving the Grand Canyon try and consumer leaders to for Future Generations encourage Congress to include key measures in the bipartisan We’ve seen this movie before: Na- national park and the waters of the ture takes more than a billion years Colorado River at risk. But the threat Food and Drug Administra- to create a natural wonder that is was averted after the Obama admin- tion Safety and Innovation Act. swiftly scarred, or even destroyed, istration, at the urging of a Pew-led This legislation will increase through mining and overdevelop- group of scientists, historians, local inspections of foreign drug ment. This narrative was in danger officials, and tribes, banned all new facilities, boost medical device of being repeated near the Grand mining claims for two decades, the Canyon, when a spike in uranium longest moratorium allowed by law. innovation and safety, and get mining claims on a million acres of The ban will help protect the drink- new lifesaving antibiotics to public lands at its border put the ing water of 25 million people. patients faster.

A School Lunch Rewrite Obese 10-year-olds? Diabetic teenagers? Such are the pub- lic health challenges that Pew and its partners at the Rob- usts (left) Tr usts o r T he P ew C ha itable ert Wood Johnson Foundation are working to solve. They tens, provided evidence-based recommendations to the Depart- atye Ma r atye

ment of Agriculture on healthy childhood nutrition. And r Sm ith, F alte now, after 15 years of too much salt, fat, and sugar, school lunch menus are getting a rewrite. The changes, rolled out for the 2012–13 school year, give 32 million students more grains, fruits, and vegetables, fewer calories, and a better Xanthe Rivett (top); K Rivett (top); Xanthe (above) Tr usts T he P ew C ha r itable chance for a long and healthy life. W Michael Quinn (top);

18 trust Winter 2013 Marine Reserves Down Under Most people know about the 1,600-mile Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast of Australia. But Australia is surrounded by larger, more fragile marine habitats that are under serious threat from overfishing, extraction, and pollution. Pew led a coali- tion of conservation groups to save much of these fabled waters, including the Coral Sea, site of an important Allied victory in World War II. The coalition succeeded in encouraging the government to fully protect 333,000 square miles of ocean as part of the largest system of marine parks in a sin- gle country—providing a haven for green turtles, sea lions, bigeye tuna, and 28 species of whales and dolphins.

Helping Voters Vote Politics is noisy, contentious, and expensive. But when the campaigning and debating are over, Americans retreat to the quiet of the polling booth and exercise their sacred right to vote. Pew wants every eligible voter to cast a ballot. To help make that possible, Pew and its partners worked with major technology companies and election administrators to put voting information and tools online. Looking for a Drug-Free in your way. Seventy per- public health threats fac- polling place? Don’t know cent of all antibiotics sold ing the globe. At the urg- usts (left) Tr usts o r T he P ew C ha itable what’s on your ballot? Not Livestock in the United States are ing of Pew and others, the tens, sure if you need to bring ID It is illegal to buy an antibi- put in animal feed, largely FDA called on veterinar- to the polls? Last year, 25

atye Ma r atye otic without a prescrip- without any oversight ians to supervise the use r Sm ith, F alte tion—unless you plan on from veterinarians. This of antibiotics by industrial million voters found answers feeding that antibiotic to practice breeds antibiotic- farmers and moved to to these and other election a healthy animal that ends resistant superbugs that end the use of these drugs questions because of Pew up in the food supply. In can sicken or kill people, to make animals grow connecting the public and Xanthe Rivett (top); K Rivett (top); Xanthe (above) Tr usts T he P ew C ha r itable Michael Quinn (top); W Michael Quinn (top); that case, nothing stands and is one of the greatest faster. private sectors. n

trust Winter 2013 19 A Rebounding Bounty For a quarter century, Pew has been in the vanguard of efforts to improve federal ocean fisheries management. The result ‘has been a resounding bipartisan success story.’ By Christopher Connell

Recreational and commercial fishing in the U.S. have benefited from federal policies that have included catch limits and other restrictions.

20 trust Winter 2013 Photo by Red Huber/Orlando Sentinel/MCT via Getty Images A Rebounding Bounty

trust Winter 2013 21 ll summer long, recreational fish- ermen find their Away to Cape May, NJ, home port of the Porgy IV, a 77-foot char- The Magnuson-Stevens Act of 1976 has ter fishing vessel. Day after day, helped restore stocks of summer flounder Capt. Paul Thompson and his in the mid-Atlantic. crew take them down Delaware Bay or out into the Atlantic to For more than a quarter century, Pew has been in the catch one fish and one fish only: vanguard of efforts that helped persuade Congress to make the conservation provisions of Magnuson-Stevens stronger, the summer flounder. The flat first in 1996 and then in 2006. bottomfish with two eyes on “Thanks to the new catch limits, the United States has the best managed fisheries in the world,” said Pew executive one side of its head is “the most vice president Joshua S. Reichert, who leads the environment group. “We have long supported science-based ocean con- popular because it can be caught servation and there have been real successes. But the work by anglers of all different skill in many ways is only just beginning.” Magnuson-Stevens created an unusual public-private ap- levels,” Thompson said. proach to managing fisheries, with eight regional fishery man- The delectable and not so elusive summer flounder is “the agement councils covering the waters from Alaska to Florida holy grail in the mid-Atlantic. It’s fairly easy and inexpensive to Maine, and in the waters off Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin to catch,” said Erling Berg, another Cape May fisherman. “You Islands, Hawaii, Guam, and American Samoa. The councils just need a pole, a line, a hook, and some bait, and you just drift set catch limits, allocate quotas, and decide when and where across and hit them in the snout, because they’re lying there.” fisheries must be closed or curtailed, subject to the approval of Once nearly gone, they are lying there now in sufficient the secretary of commerce. They must follow marine scientists’ numbers thanks in large part to the Magnuson-Stevens Act, a advice and put in place catch limits and other restrictions to law enacted in 1976 to drive foreign trawlers 200 miles from rebuild depleted populations in 10 years, if biologically possible. American shores and build up the U.S. fishing fleet, but also The new Congress might revisit Magnuson-Stevens this to prevent overfishing. year or next. Now the task is “to keep the law strong and to Within 15 years, it accomplished the goal of protecting the focus on entire ocean ecosystems rather than tackling fish coastal waters for American fishermen. But conservation is a species one by one,” Crockett said. “We also need to do a bet- longer, ongoing challenge, with fish populations subject to a ter job of eliminating or minimizing bycatch”—when turtles, host of factors from ocean warming and other environmental seabirds, and fish and other marine life are killed or injured changes, more sophisticated technology, and the fact that fisher- unintentionally by fishermen targeting other species. men get better and better at finding fish and hauling them in. One measure of Magnuson-Stevens’ impact came in 2012 A P But in an era of partisan bickering over so many issues and in what the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- rising hostility to regulation, federal fisheries management tion called “a historic milestone”: Catch limits were put in “has been a resounding, bipartisan success story,” said Lee place for the last of 537 species managed by the regional

Crockett, director of Pew’s U.S. fisheries projects. councils, and a record six stocks were declared rebuilt, R ay Carleton B ukaty/ F. R obert

22 trust Winter 2013 including summer flounder, Gulf of Maine haddock, and can’t get the job done by themselves. Cod, fished for centuries in Alaskan snow crab. But 43 important stocks, including the cold waters off New England and Canada, have not recov- New England cod, South Atlantic red snapper, and Pacific ered. The New England council reported signs of a comeback cowcod, remain classified as overfished. in 2008, but the numbers were down in its most recent look. “What New England’s cod situation shows is that decades of severe overfishing cannot be fixed overnight,” said Peter It’s tough to make a living these days catching Baker, director of Pew’s fisheries efforts in the Northeast. “It cod off New England, a fish so important to Massachusetts will take years and years to rebuild the vaunted cod fishery since Colonial days that a wooden carving of the “sacred to its former glory. We believe we’ve turned the corner by cod” still hangs in the State House. But the seabeds are again ending overfishing. Time will tell if these stocks can make full of scallops, and out along the Pacific Coast fishermen are the arduous climb back to health.” catching delectable lingcod once more. Scallops, overfished to the point of depletion in the Such successes have been the result of years of efforts on 1990s, are now rebuilt, benefiting indirectly from measures several fronts. For instance, from the beginning, the fishery to protect cod and haddock that left their beds undisturbed management councils have been dominated by representatives for long spells. The bigger scallops that fishermen such as Tye of the fishing industry, both commercial and recreational. Vecchione of Chatham, MA are catching fetch $10 a pound Although they were supposed to base judgments on the best at docks from Cape Cod to Cape May and have become one scientific advice, when the scientists suggested a range of al- of the most lucrative U.S. fisheries. lowable catch limits, “they’d always pick the highest number Vecchione, who gave up cod fishing 10 years ago, gets a and make a bunch of risky decisions,” Crockett said. share of the catch reserved for small boats and catches 50,000 Since the 1990s, Pew has been engaged in efforts to moni- tor the work of the councils. Over the past five years, it has assem- Scallops were once severely overfished in New England, but preservation measures bled teams based along the East- have resulted in a lucrative fishery. ern Seaboard, from New England to the Florida Keys, and along the Gulf of Mexico, and on the West Coast, in Oregon, devoted to ensuring that the conservation provisions of Magnuson-Stevens are implemented in the water. They attend each council’s meet- ings, weighing in on key issues. With Congress strengthening the law, science has even greater influence on decision-making. The rebirth of summer floun- der shows “that listening to the science works,” said Joseph Gor- don, who manages Pew’s mid- Atlantic fisheries work. “And hard A P catch limits based on science have been a key to ending overfishing on federally managed fish stocks.”

Carleton R ay Carleton B ukaty/ F. R obert Sometimes even hard limits

trust Winter 2013 23 pounds a year in the summer and early fall. “Our day-boat scallops are the best of the best,” he said. “We used to fish year- round, and the scallops were $6 a pound and never as good.” Erling Berg, who fished for 35 years and sits on the Mid- Atlantic Fishery Management Council, said the reason for this success is “not magic. To leave more fish in the ocean, allow that fish to spawn and build up the population. If you don’t catch them, they’ve got a chance to reproduce.” Red snapper, top, have increased but are not yet fully rebuilt. Restoring stocks of Red snapper, another fish prized by Atlantic cod, bottom, could take decades. recreational and commercial fishermen, is biting again in the Gulf of Mexico and to a certain extent in the U.S. South Atlantic, although both populations are far from rebuilt. The recovery plan for Gulf of Mexico red snapper projects that 2009 imposed a moratorium on red snapper fishing from it will take until 2032 to fully rebuild that species. North Carolina to the Florida Keys because the population “This is a fish on the road to recovery after decades of deple- had plummeted to less than 15 percent of what scientists tion, but it’s on a long, slow path,” said Holly Binns, who directs said was a healthy level. Pew helped marshal public support Pew’s fisheries work in the Southeast and U.S. Caribbean from for the moratorium, with the council receiving 32,000 com- her base in Tallahassee, FL. Red snapper can live longer than 50 ments. Now, with early signs of a turnaround, the council years and don’t peak as spawners until they are 10 to 15 years old. allowed red snapper fishing to resume for a limited time “Until recently, most of the red snapper caught were 2 to 3 years last September. The Gulf of Mexico fishery council dropped old. Now, many of them are 5 to 7 years old. This illustrates the its catch limit from 9 million pounds in 2006 to 5 million population is recovering, but still not fully healthy,” said Binns. recommended by scientists in 2008, but now it’s more than Fishing for red snapper is big business in the Gulf, where 8 million and rising. the commercial and recreational fishermen split the catch Another fast-growing species that experienced a quick almost down the middle. change of fortune is the lingcod, on the Pacific Coast from The South Atlantic Fishery Management Council in the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California. It is not actually a cod, but a groundling—but like cod it makes for mouth-watering fish and chips. It was among eight

The Fall and Rise of Fish Stocks od) groundfish declared overfished c 1000 Stocks reported (left scale) 40% Percent of fish stoc in 1999 but was rebuilt by 2005,

Percent of stocks experiencing sm ann ( overfishing (right scale) 35 years ahead of schedule. There 800 Percent of stocks are still strict catch limits, and 30 ongress overfished (right scale) ks fishermen grouse that some areas

experiencing to C

ed 600 25 teeming with lingcod are off limits port

re to protect rockfish. 20 ov ocks In Newport, OR, fisherman erfishin st 400 15 fish Dave Logsdon’s allowed share of g r of lingcod is 400 pounds a month A la m y ( R ed Sna pp er s ); D ieter Craa or

10 ar

200 e ov from May to November, which he Numbe

5 erfished catches in a single day on reefs 30 miles offshore. What he doesn’t 0 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 sell dockside from his boat, Grace c k O ’ N eill/ Mi c hael Patri Source: National Marine Fisheries Service Elizabeth, is snapped up by two local H e ff ernan K erry

24 trust Winter 2013 restaurants at up to $4 a pound, four times what it used to fetch. “There’s Recipes for Success a lot more lingcod than there used to The recovery of a number of fish species in U.S. be,” says Logsdon, who also fishes waters has been a welcome development for con- for salmon and tuna, “and the thing servationists and fishermen—and some of the na- about lingcod is you usually get tion’s leading chefs. them when you go for them.” Americans consume about 5 billion pounds of sea- The champions of fisheries food each year, but more than 85 percent of it comes management and conservation, the from other countries. With customers increasingly late Senators Warren Magnuson demanding fresh, locally caught seafood, improve- (D-WA) and Ted Stevens (R-AK), ments in the health of three fish stocks—Mid-Atlantic are no longer around to protect summer flounder, Gulf of Mexico red snapper, and their legacy, and so far no one has Alaskan snow crab—directly benefit U.S. businesses. emerged on Capitol Hill to take To celebrate the conservation success stories up their mantle. Some lawmakers of those fish, six prominent chefs shared some of from states or districts with strong their favorite recipes with Pew. The chefs are John Besh, Kerry Heffernan, Barton commercial and recreational fish- Seaver, Susan Spicer, Jim Watkins, and David Burke. Their tantalizing recipes can ing interests have pressed at times be found at pewenvironment.org/recipes-for-success. for weaker regulation. But court rulings have sup- ported the regulators’ efforts. In 2000, the D.C. Court of Appeals overturned a rebuilding plan The latest government tally listed 43 stocks as overfished that NOAA said stood only an 18 percent chance of success. and 34 as still being caught faster than they can reproduce. “Only in Superman Comics’ Bizarro world, where reality is But 31 stocks now have been fully rebuilt, and a scorecard turned upside down,” could that be considered likely to work, used to measure the sustainability of key stocks has registered the jurists wrote. Now the odds that a rebuilding plan will a 67 percent increase since 2000. prevent overfishing must be at least 50-50. Whether it’s Vecchione’s fat scallops, Logsdon’s lingcod, or the 8 million pounds of red snapper that anglers were allowed to catch in the Gulf in 2012, there’s much for consumers, Factors other than too much fishing are also conservationists, and fishermen to savor. at work. Ocean warming and other environmental changes It’s still a struggle to get everyone on board, however. od) c can play havoc with fish spawning. Biologist John Devore, a Lawmakers from New England and New York have un- groundfish specialist with the Pacific council, says some El successfully pushed bills to weaken the 10-year fisheries sm ann ( Niños in the 1990s caused some of the lingcod’s problems. rebuilding target and give the councils flexibility to stretch Nevertheless, it is a common refrain among fishermen out the plans for years and perhaps decades, increasing the that there are more fish in the sea—especially the prize risk that stocks will ever be rebuilt. catches—than scientists count and that show up in the But despite ongoing debate and attempts to weaken the law, government’s annual Status of the Stocks report to Congress. Magnuson-Stevens has provided fishery managers with the Yet, the scientific methods are sophisticated and com- mandate and tools to ensure the sustainability of the fisheries, prehensive. NOAA has ships that use sonar to count schools giving the United States one of the best management systems

A la m y ( R ed Sna pp er s ); D ieter Craa of fish, and the fisheries agency collects reams of data from in the world. “The worst thing we can do is walk away from commercial fishermen’s logbooks and dockside sales receipts. the progress we have made,” Crockett said. “We must continue It pays biologists to go out on fishing vessels and observe to have strong mandates and enforce them—after all, that’s what is caught. Observers logged more than 70,000 days at why we have achieved the success we have.” n

sea in 2009. The agency also surveys For more information, go to pewenviron Christopher Connell, a former Associated c k O ’ N eill/ Mi c hael Patri erry H e ff ernan K erry recreational anglers. ment.org/federal-fisheries-policy Press reporter, is a Washington writer.

trust Winter 2013 25 News

Keeping Food Safety on the Menu Pew works for long-awaited rules that will help prevent illnesses from contaminated products.

By Daniel LeDuc he first major overhaul of the can families,” said Health and Human nation’s food safety system since Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius in Tthe Great Depression is moving announcing the draft rules. forward, now that the Food and Drug Pew has been a leader in supporting Administration has proposed new rules those efforts, bringing together victims aimed at halting the contamination of of foodborne illnesses, health advocates, produce and processed foods. and industry organizations to help win The rules represent a sea change in passage of the law and to continue to push the approach to food safety. They would for the rules and for more resources for give federal regulators the authority to re- the FDA. Congress passed the law in late quire fruit and vegetable growers and food 2010, and President Barack Obama signed It’s nearly everything except meat and manufacturers to prevent outbreaks of it on Jan. 4, 2011. (See Trust, Summer poultry,” he said. foodborne illness from tainted foods 2011, “Putting Food Safety on the Menu.”) But as extensive and precedent-set- such as peanut butter, leafy greens, and Passage of the act was a historic mo- ting as the new law was, it still required cantaloupes. Each year outbreaks sicken ment: The FDA’s food safety authority new rules to enact its provisions, and for an estimated 48 million Americans and had not been substantially updated since months nothing happened. kill 3,000. the administration of Franklin D. Roos- Pew worked with its partners to The proactive approach is a significant evelt. But the world of food had changed urge the administration to move on the change in how the FDA works. Previously, dramatically over the decades, with rules and keep its promise to ensure the federal authorities generally would shut consumers eating much more packaged safety of the food supply. The efforts down food companies only after contami- and processed food with ingredients included public statements, op-eds, nation occurred and people got sick. Once coming from around the globe. advertisements, polling that showed the rules are finalized, manufacturers will “The law is a game changer,” said people widely favored the new regula- be required to have detailed safety plans, Sandra Eskin, who directs Pew’s food tions, and other public calls to follow and those that do not meet standards can safety project. “Rather than wait for people through on the landmark law. be shut down—before contaminated food to get sick, FDA can step in and close a Calls for the rules grew louder as ad- es tt y I m ag or/Ge reaches the marketplace. plant before a single person becomes ill. ditional outbreaks of foodborne illnesses The new rules are a long-awaited That’s a huge step forward for the safety of occurred after the president signed the step in implementing the landmark the nation’s food supply and consumers.” law. By last December, there had been FDA Food Safety Modernization Act. Erik Olson, who leads Pew’s food 15 outbreaks since the law had been t i a n Sc ien c e M oni “With the support of industry, consumer programs, noted that not only does the signed, with 1,395 illnesses, 437 hos- groups, and the bipartisan leadership in law change the emphasis from reac- pitalizations, and 40 deaths. Congress, we are establishing a science- tion to prevention, it also has broad In 2011, a listeria outbreak traced to based, flexible system to better prevent scope. “Eighty percent of the country’s cantaloupes killed 33 people, the largest

foodborne illness and protect Ameri- food supply is regulated by the FDA. number of deaths from a single outbreak Ann Hermes/T h e C ris

26 trust Winter 2013 also would need to make sure that un- sanitary water and animal waste don’t contaminate crops. They would need to have lavatory and hand-washing facili- ties for field workers and clean storage for fruits and vegetables after harvesting. Pew’s efforts to enact the law con- tinue. Other proposals associated with the food safety law are still being con- sidered by the White House, and the FDA is drafting rules to implement other provisions of the act. One addresses prevention-based requirements for pet food. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found that in a number of recent More stringent provi- outbreaks, contaminated pet food made sions for handling and storing crops aim people sick from handling it and from to minimize the chance interacting with pets that had eaten it. of contamination. Another would for the first time hold companies responsible for making sure in more than 25 years. Last November, Industry groups said they wel- foods they import are produced in ways salmonella sickened 42 people and was comed the proposals and noted that consistent with U.S. safety laws. About traced to a peanut butter plant in New many growers and processors already 15 percent of the nation’s food comes Mexico. Even without the rules, the maintain high standards in their pro- from overseas, and imports are growing FDA used its new power under the law duction facilities. There will be a com- by approximately 10 percent each year. for the first time to temporarily halt ment period through mid-May. Many experts on the food industry see production at the facility. The new rules are an essential first these import rules as crucial to “level- The long wait caused consternation step because they address “the heart and ing the playing field” by ensuring that among industry representatives and soul” of the law, Eskin said. “This was as importers are living by the same high safety standards as U.S. producers with whom they compete. The rules would require manufacturers Pew plans to advocate for those rules as well as to ensure the FDA has the to meet standards or be shut down, before resources necessary to enforce the law tainted food reaches the marketplace. and ramp up facility inspections—which will increase threefold under the new law. es tt y I m ag or/Ge health advocates. In December, Pew big a win as the legislation itself. These “We will continue to work with in- delivered an online petition to the White rules put the law into place,” she said. dustry, consumer advocates, survivors House with 35,000 signatures urging the The rules focus on two key areas. of foodborne illness, their families, and president to issue the rules, emphasizing Processing plants would have to ensure the administration to ensure that the t i a n Sc ien c e M oni strong public support for the measures. and document efforts to minimize con- remaining proposed rules are soon re- In January, the FDA announced the tamination. While many processors do leased—and that all the regulations are long-awaited rules, two years to the day this already, before the new law there as strong as possible, quickly finalized, n that the president signed To learn more, go to was no legal obligation and effectively enforced,” Olson said.

Ann Hermes/T h e C ris the food safety act. pewtrusts.org/foodsafety on them to do so. Farms Daniel LeDuc is the editor of Trust.

trust Winter 2013 27 Pew and the Arts

low a year to spend time at one of the country’s oldest and most renowned ‘A Communion of Spirits’ residency programs. The Pew Center for Arts & Heritage offers fellowships to The average residency lasts one artists in the Philadelphia region, and a new partnership month. The center finances a portion helps some of them find additional opportunities to learn of the expenses, and the artists com- munities subsidize the rest. and flourish in arts colonies throughout North America. “It’s giving them a chance to spend By Jodi Enda time solely focused on their practice away from the distractions of everyday wice in 2011, Jamaaladeen Tacuma, a composer, life,” Franklin said. “They get to engage with other artists bandleader and jazz bassist, packed up his equip- that they otherwise would not come in contact with.” Tment, left his home in Philadelphia, and temporarily The MacDowell Colony hosts as many as 32 artists for moved his entire studio, first to New Hampshire and later stints of up to two months. “They usually find somebody to California. Surrounded by other artists and free from else who has the same level of intensity or the same interests. the constraints of daily life, he composed, he performed, That’s hard to find outside of an academic environment,” he collaborated and, as Tacuma put it, he “had it going on.” said Cheryl Young, the colony’s executive director. “There The following year, author Ken Kalfus briefly moved his is a communion of spirits.” office from Center City Philadelphia to a cabin in northern Author Ken Kalfus moved John Martin, MacDowell’s his office to a cabin in Wyoming. Against the backdrop of a 20,000-acre cattle Wyoming, drawing inspira- development director, said Pew ranch on the High Plains, he put the finishing touches on tion from the sharp contrast Fellows have “the best of both to his usual Philadelphia a soon-to-be-published novel, began a novella, and relaxed landscape. worlds” because they receive to the twangs of cowboy songs. Tacuma and Kalfus are two of the latest in a long string of Philadelphia artists to receive fellowships from the Pew Center for Arts & Heritage. They are among the first to benefit from a new partnership that gives some fellows the chance to live in creative communities around the country. The residencies provide fellows in the performing, visual, and literary arts an opportunity to work, learn, share ideas with, and receive inspiration from other artists. “One of the things we’re trying to do here is to really connect talented artists and cultural leaders nationally and internationally,” said Melissa Franklin, the Pew Fellowships director at the center. Having offered fellowships to as many as 12 Philadelphia- area artists each year for two decades, the center enhanced its ability to support Pew Fellows in 2011, forging a partnership with the Alliance of Artists Communities and four far-flung residency programs in North America. Each program—the Banff Centre in Alberta, Canada; 18th Street Arts Center in Santa Monica, CA; Headlands Center for the Arts in Sausalito, CA, and the Ucross Foundation in northeast Wyoming—has agreed to accept one Pew Fellow each year. In addition, the Pew center has partnered with the Mac-

Dowell Colony in Peterborough, NH, which allows one fel- M. Le nton Colin e y Eldr e dg Morriss Joanna

28 trust Winter 2013 grants of $60,000 as well as op- Jamaaladeen Tacuma Tacuma also collaborated with artists from other fields, performed and composed portunities for residencies during at New Hampshire’s including film and architecture. He created the Jamaala- their two-year engagement with MacDowell Colony and deen Co-Lab (short for collaboration), in which he put California’s Headlands the Pew Center for Arts & Heritage. Center for the Arts. music to the words of poets and novelists who were also “Where a cash award is won- in residence. derful, I think a residency adds something different — a Author Kalfus, who was in residency at the Ucross support structure of friends,” Young added. “There’s no Foundation, said he drew inspiration from nightly presen- demand on your time. You don’t have to answer about tations by fellow artists as well as from Wyoming’s wide what you do with the funds. You can really experiment.” open spaces, which offered a sharp contrast to his usual So far, the colony has accepted three Pew Fellows from just urban landscape. four applicants, a rate Martin deemed “astronomical” given “I was staying in a big house with three other artists. They the competitiveness of MacDowell’s program. “That says a gave me a studio in a cabin on the property. The property lot about the caliber of artists that Pew is accepting,” he said. was so big they gave me a bike to get around,” Kalfus said. Tacuma, the musician and composer, spent two months “Being in a new place always excites me.” at MacDowell in early 2011. Later that year, he enjoyed a Back in Philadelphia, the Pew Fellows often share what three-week residency at the Headlands Center for the Arts. they have learned with other artists, Franklin said. “It was a wonderful opportunity to be able to completely “They are getting feedback and making connections surround myself in a situation where I could be very cre- with artists, getting exposed to new ideas and new ways of ative,” he said. “Being at MacDowell and at Headlands was thinking,” she said. “Then they bring that back to Philadel- an opportunity to surround myself with other creative phia. It’s getting Philadelphia out into the world and then people who gave me inspiration. I took my whole recording bringing the world back into Philadelphia.” n

studio, and I was able to sit down and To learn more about the Pew Center for Jodi Enda is a Washington writer and regular

Colin M. Le nton Colin e y Eldr e dg Morriss Joanna write and write and write.” Arts & Heritage, go to pcah.us contributor to Trust.

trust Winter 2013 29 Pew Partners

standing deficiencies,” Allison Barlow of the State Infrastructure Fund said. Giving Voters the “We expect these partnership-based programs to thrive and become even Information They Need more interactive and useful.” Working with Google, the project Philanthropic partnerships with Pew lead to joined with other technology compa- measurable results on behalf of the public good. nies, including Microsoft, Facebook, For the Voting Information Project, that meant serving and AT&T, to provide voters across the country with fundamental but not 25 million citizens during the November election. always easily obtained information. By Jodi Enda Through mobile devices and the Inter- net, people could insert their addresses he 2012 presidential election was just eight days away to learn where they should vote, what would be on their when Hurricane Sandy destroyed homes, shops, and ballot, and the documents to take to their polling place. Tboardwalks, forced the evacuation of whole towns, By 2010, the project was working with 19 states and the and cut off power to millions along the East Coast. People District of Columbia to provide basic voting information to in New York and New Jersey were struggling to put their about 10 million people. By the presidential election on Nov. lives back together. And now, it was time to vote. 6, it was partnering with about 40 states to provide automated But where? Along with so much else, the storm had information about polling place locations, candidate names, ravaged polling places. States and localities rushed to set ballot initiatives, and documentation required to vote. Even up replacements—in schools, churches, and tents outfitted in states that did not provide automated data, the project with portable generators—so that residents could cast their posted polling place data and updated it manually. ballots. Telling voters—many without electricity—where the new sites were was another challenge altogether. It was clear to Pew and its partners Fortunately, thanks to its partnership that combining resources would result with funders, Pew’s Voting Information Project was in a position to respond. in the greatest impact for voters. The project provides easily accessible, nonpartisan election information to voters—and ultimately Google reported that its election tool, created in con- served 25 million of the 90 million people who cast ballots junction with the project, was on more than 600 websites in the November election. The effort began in 2008 when operated by news organizations, campaign committees, Pew’s election initiatives team found there was no standard- individual candidates, civic groups, and others. Microsoft ized, reliable nationwide source for such basic information reported that at the Election Day peak, 21,000 people were as where to find polling places. The need was significant using its Polling Place Locator Tool at any given moment. and it was essential to find partners who were willing to About 670,000 people accessed Microsoft’s tool through G e tt y I mages /

join Pew and who would see the benefits of combining Facebook, which embedded it on its U.S. Politics page. t resources to have the greatest possible impact. “In this election cycle, many voters turned for assistance on Pos Enter the Rita Allen Foundation, the Public Interest to the technology they rely on in their daily lives, and we t Projects’ State Infrastructure Fund, and the Open Society are proud that the Voting Information Project supplied Foundations. Joining their resources with Pew, they helped the tools they needed and the tools election administra- millions of citizens have necessary voter information more tors needed to help,” Elizabeth Christopherson of the easily. “Using technology and the Rita Allen Foundation said. “We are For information about philanthropic partnerships at / The Washing avidson Internet to help voters participate is Pew please contact managing director Sally O’Brien especially pleased that the project

an exciting solution to a set of long- at 202-540-6525, or [email protected]. was instrumental in assisting the D Linda

30 trust Winter 2013 communities affected by Hurricane Sandy.” The Rita Allen Foundation, Tool until their sites were work- the Public Interest Projects’ In New York and New Jersey, nearly 200,000 people—70 State Infrastructure Fund, ing again. percent of them in New Jersey—were able to locate their and the Open Society On Election Day, the project’s Foundations saw they could polling places through text messages by using a system help millions of people have work was ubiquitous. The “doodle” provided by project partner Mobile Commons. Many more necessary voter information on Google’s home page—an image more easily by combining used other project tools on the Internet. forces with Pew. of paper ballots dropping into a While the information was available by texting nation- ballot box—guided viewers to a wide, “over half of the usage overall came from New Jersey tool driven by project data. The project’s Twitter account because Governor Chris Christie worked with the media sent out 155 tweets, including many that responded to vot- and others to get the word out,” noted David Becker, who ers’ requests for information. An untold number of people, directs Pew’s election initiatives. including lawyers observing polling places, accessed the He said the project helped not only voters, who discov- data via smartphone apps built by more than 100 developers, G e tt y I mages / t ered a fast and accurate way to get the information they including the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights under needed, but also elections officials, who no longer had to Law and AT&T. on Pos t field as many calls on their busiest day. Building on the strong foundation laid by the partners, In two of the nation’s largest cities—New York and the project’s work continues. “The Voting Information Chicago—official election websites crashed shortly before Project would never have been created without these part- or during voting hours. But local officials were able to -ad nerships—they were essential to our success,” Becker said. dress the problem quickly, redirecting voters to the Voting “And even better, by the 2016 election, the project not only avidson / The Washing avidson Information Project tools or replacing their polling place will be automated in even more states, it will be ready to

Linda D Linda locators with the project-based Google Voter Information stand on its own.” n

trust Winter 2013 31 Return on Investment

The Pew Charitable Trusts’ program investments seek to improve policy, inform Island Council, Pew, and National the public, and stimulate civic life through operating projects managed by Pew Geographic presented the proposal staff; donor partnerships that allow us to work closely with individuals or organiza- to the United Kingdom Foreign tions to achieve shared goals; and targeted grantmaking. The following highlights Office, which governs the territory. some recent Pew work. Additional information is available at www.pewtrusts.org. It also hosted an event at the Royal Society in London to promote cre- ation of the reserve, which included The Roadless Area Conservation Rule screening of the film “Pitcairn: The protects lands such as Real Bounty” and a video link with Snoqualmie National Forest in Washington. Pitcairn Islanders.

Supreme Court Tells Roadless Rule Challengers: Case Closed The Supreme Court declined to hear a challenge to the 2001 Road- less Area Conservation Rule, ending years of litigation and validating one of the most significant public land- preservation measures in a generation. Although Pew was not a party to the case, it led more than a decade-long da (right) f da For tar campaign to engage governors, mem- bers of Congress, and the public. The effort resulted in federal protection for nearly 60 million acres of pristine national forests, a source of drinking

water for 124 million Americans and k S B lac w ); Michael Falco, other shark conservation measures. 223,000 jobs in rural areas. THE ENVIRONMENT The congress also agreed on the need World Conservation for an agreement to preserve biodi- More Than 100 Countries photo (belo k photo toc

Congress Shows Support versity in the high seas and for ma- Work on Stopping Illegal i S for Pew Priorities rine reserves in the Southern Ocean and Deep-Sea Fishing The International Union for Conser- off Antarctica. Pew helped write and One month after the United Nations vation of Nature World Congress, the gain support for the measures, which Conference on Sustainable Develop- world’s largest conservation event will guide the conservation union’s ment, environmental ministers and which met in South Korea, over- agenda for the next four years. government officials of more than whelmingly backed Pew priorities. 100 countries met in Rome for a ses- orbis

They included calling for protection Pitcairn Moves Toward sion of the Committee on Fisheries of C of half of northern Quebec for the Major Marine Reserve the U.N. Food and Agriculture Orga- Canadian Boreal and urging tuna The Pitcairn Island community voted nization. Participants agreed to work management organizations to estab- unanimously, and the Pitcairn Island on stopping illegal and deep-sea fish- lish harvest rules and to improve the Council gave its official support, for ing and, for the first time, to consider traceability of tuna. Members also Pew’s proposal for a 308,883-square- the role of forage fish as critical to the called for more protection for mako mile marine reserve in the islands’ health of both the ocean and com-

and hammerhead sharks as well as waters. A partnership of the Pitcairn mercially important fish. photos/ canada Werby/all Kurt

32 trust Winter 2013 Ownership Caucus about the power THE ECONOMY of personal savings as a driver of Studies Help Consumers’ mobility. The event, at the U.S. Capitol Financial Security Visitor Center, featured speakers from Pew’s portfolio of consumer financial Pew, the Heritage Foundation, and the security work was strengthened with New America Foundation. Work- two original reports from the safe ing with Pew’s government relations small-dollar loans project and the unit, economic mobility project staff safe checking in the electronic age developed the idea for the Economic project. The first shed light on payday Mobility Caucus, sought senators as loan borrowers, usage rates across co-chairs, and now assists with quar- the nation, and state regulations for terly events that highlight the project’s the industry. The analysis is being research and feature a broad spectrum discussed in state legislatures around of thought leaders and advocates. the country and by the Consumer Fi- nancial Protection Bureau as policy- HEALTH makers consider new payday lending laws and regulations. The second Study Helps Kansas report explored the growing market- Lawmakers See Broader place for prepaid cards, why con- Benefits and Risks of sumers use them to make purchases Gambling Legislation and pay bills, the gaps in consumer The Kansas Health Institute, sup-

da (right) f da For tar A Pew report said the regulation of the cards, and actions ported by Pew’s health impact Food and Drug Adminis- tration has “significant the financial protection bureau could project, released its final health workforce and manage- take to address them. impact assessment, which examined ment challenges.” the implications of legislation that Economic Mobility would expand gambling in southeast Strengthening FDA’s

k S B lac w ); Michael Falco, and Savings Kansas. The assessment uncovered Workforce Pew’s economic mobility project and potential benefits, such as increased Pew and the Partnership for Public the newly formed Senate Economic quality of life and life expectancy Service analyzed the Food and Drug Mobility Caucus co-hosted a briefing associated with new jobs, as well as Administration’s staffing and issued a photo (belo k photo toc

i S with the Congressional Savings and risks, including chronic fatigue and report, The State of the FDA Workforce. injury associated It found that the agency has made with pathological progress since a 2007 panel last ana- gambling, that were lyzed its workforce, but “continues to not part of previous have significant workforce and man- examinations of gam- agement challenges in the scientific ing, which focused and medical arenas that need to be orbis

C primarily on the addressed.” economic impact and pathology of gam- Biomedical Researchers bling. The assessment Win More Accolades offered recommenda- Pew Biomedical Scholars are recog- tions to maximize the nized for showing promise in science benefits and mini- that advances human health, and

Kurt Werby/all canada photos/ canada Werby/all Kurt mize the risks. many go on to receive additional

trust Winter 2012 33 n Return on Investment

honors over the course of their career. assisting local officials trying to fix Pew Begins Juvenile Scholars Valerie Horseley ’10 and the troubled pension plans run by Corrections Effort Mary Gehring ’11 received the Rosa- their cities and towns. The project A state commission in Georgia lind Franklin Young Investigator also is evaluating Montana’s public unanimously approved and sent Awards from the Genetics Society of pension system at the invitation of to the governor and legislature re- America. The Institute of Medicine legislative leaders there. forms to reduce juvenile recidivism elected three Scholars as new mem- and avert an estimated $88 million bers: David Brenner ’86, David Julius Portland Vote to in expected juvenile corrections ’90, and Terry R. Magnuson ’86. And Fluoridate Water costs. Georgia is the first state to the American Association for the The Portland, OR city council voted receive intensive assistance on juve- Advancement of Science elected six unanimously to fluoridate the public nile corrections from Pew’s public Scholars as fellows: James Bardwell water system. The decision means safety performance project, in part- ’98, Ken W.Y. Cho ’94, Lynn Cooley more than 930,000 people—nearly nership with the Annie E. Casey ’91, Thomas F. Schilling ’01, Raphael 1 in 4 state residents—will gain ac- Foundation. Governor Nathan H. Valdivia ’04, and Hao Wu ’00. cess to fluoridated water, which is Deal (R) asked for the support after the most cost-effective method for Pew’s success in helping achieve IN THE STATES preventing tooth decay. Oregon has bipartisan adult sentencing and cor- one of the nation’s highest rates of rections reforms in 2012 that will Reforming Public Pensions untreated tooth decay and Portland reduce recidivism and save Georgia In partnership with the Laura and had been the largest U.S. city with- taxpayers an estimated $264 mil- John Arnold Foundation, Pew worked out a policy to fluoridate drinking lion over the next five years. with a bipartisan group of Kentucky water to the optimal level. The Pew legislators to find ways to create a sus- children’s dental campaign worked PEW RESEARCH CENTER tainable public employee retirement closely with the Portland-based

system and close a significant funding nonprofit Upstream Public Health to Pew Accurately Projects ar right) gap. In Rhode Island, the team is secure approval of the policy. Election Results The Pew Research Center’s elec- Portland, OR voted tion weekend survey found that to fluoridate its water, President Barack Obama had edged a cost-effective method to prevent tooth decay. ahead of Mitt Romney in the last days of the 2012 campaign, and estimated the national popular vote at 50 percent for Obama and 47 percent for Romney. Obama’s actual margin of victory was 50 to 48. It was the fifth consecutive national election in which the research cen- ter’s final poll predicted the exact margin or very close to it. The research center also col- laborated with the “PBS NewsHour” to create an online Political Party

Quiz, based on Pew’s extensive ( f Museu m (right); T he P hiladelphia o f A rt and A lbert V ictoria orbis (above); C analysis of American political val- ues. The quiz has been taken more k photo toc

than 600,000 times. i S T i m G raha /

34 trust Winter 2013 have no religious affiliation, accord- Students in Brunei study the Koran. A survey found ing to a headline-making Forum on Muslims differ widely on Religion & Public Life survey. Often some aspects of their faith. called “nones,” most of these Ameri- cans say they believe in God and describe themselves as religious or spiritual or both. The finding was the highest ever in Pew Research polling, and the survey also found that for the first time the number of people identi- fying as Protestants dropped below 50 percent of the population.

PHILADELPHIA

Rave Review for “Dancing Around the Bride” The New York Times called the Phila- delphia Museum of Art’s “Dancing The Lost Decade of interviews in more than 80 languages, Around the Bride” a top candidate The Middle Class also found that Muslims have widely for favorite museum show of the year. A study of middle-class Americans differing views about many other Funded by the Pew Center for Arts & found that the group has shrunk aspects of their faith, including how Heritage, the exhibition is the first to in size, fallen backward in income important religion is to their lives, explore Marcel Duchamp’s American

ar right) and wealth, and shed some of its who counts as a Muslim, and what legacy by tracing his interactions characteristic faith in the future. The practices are acceptable in Islam. and exchanges with four postwar survey by the Social & Demographic masters: composer John Cage, cho- Trends Project was supplemented by More Americans Say ‘None’ reographer Merce Cunningham, and analysis of data from the U.S. Census One-fifth of Americans—including a visual artists Jasper Johns and Robert Bureau and Federal Reserve Board of third of adults under age 30—say they Rauschenberg. n Governors. Fully 85 percent of self- described middle-class adults said it is more difficult now than it was a decade ago for middle-class people to maintain their standard of living.

World-wide Muslim Survey The Forum on Religion & Public Life found that the world’s 1.6 billion Mus- lims are united in their belief in God and the Prophet Muhammad, and are bound together by such religious

rt ( f Museu m (right); T he P hiladelphia o f A rt A lbert and V ictoria orbis (above); practices as fasting during the holy C month of Ramadan and almsgiving to A Philadelphia Museum of Art show traced assist people in need. But the survey, ties between, from left, John Cage, Merce Cunningham, and Robert Rauschenberg to k photo toc i S T i m G raha / which conducted 38,000 face-to-face Marcel Duchamp, painter of Bride, right.

trust Winter 2012 35 On the Record

Pew staff members frequently contribute articles and essays to media organizations. A version of building and operating expensive this piece appeared online in Governing magazine. prisons; communities receive funding for strong supervision programs; and public safety is improved through The Power of Incentives reductions in crime, recidivism, and probation revocation rates. for Performance California’s legislature unani- mously passed the Community Cor- By Susan K. Urahn rections Performance Incentive Act acing similar fiscal pres- on probation—the largest criminal in 2009, creating a system that paid sures, state and local justice group—while states pay for counties to invest in proven probation governments often pass imprisonment. So when probationers practices. Previously, probation ser- financial problems back break the rules, local governments vices in California had been funded Fand forth. But by restructuring their and courts have a strong motive primarily by local dollars. In the year relationships based on evidence of to clear these individuals off their after the system took effect, 23 per- what works, they can achieve better caseloads by revoking probation and cent fewer probationers committed results at less cost. passing them on to the state prison new crimes or violated the terms of A prime example involves cor- system. That minimizes political their probation, and 47 of 58 coun- rections, the second-fastest-growing risks for local officials and is easier ties reduced their revocation rates. element in state budgets after Med- than paying for programs that help These improvements saved the state icaid. Starting with Texas in 2007, probationers stay on track. $179 million in prison costs. Mean- 15 states have passed comprehensive In a vicious cycle that doesn’t while, California’s violent crime rate sentencing and corrections reforms promote public safety or effective dropped faster in 2010 than it had in with bipartisan and often-unanimous use of taxpayer dollars, underfunding any year in the past decade. In 2011, support. In 2012 alone, Georgia, Ha- of local probation programs contrib- the state distributed $87.5 million in waii, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Penn- utes to a failure rate of more than 40 incentive payments to the counties sylvania adopted policies proven to percent. In some states, this dynamic for the evidence-based programs that protect public safety, hold offenders has been so powerful that more than contributed to these results. accountable, and contain costs. half of the offenders entering prisons Illinois implemented a perfor- Performance incentive funding is have violated supervision rules, not mance incentive funding program a lesser-known but important part of committed new crimes. five years ago that helped counties this broad movement, and it is a par- Performance incentive funding achieve a 52 percent reduction in ticularly useful approach for turning programs offer an elegant solution and juvenile confinement, with state fiscal tension between state and local in recent years have been implemented savings of $19 million. The state re- leaders into a productive relationship. in eight states: Arkansas, California, Il- cently launched a program for adult This sort of funding addresses a linois, Kansas, Kentucky, Ohio, South corrections that has reduced prison structural contradiction in the way Carolina, and Texas. They are based commitments among nonviolent of- most states share responsibility with on a common assertion that local ju- fenders in 10 pilot sites, producing local governments for the 5 million risdictions should be given financial annual savings of $6.6 million. adults who are under some form of incentives to adopt evidence-based The results of these programs correctional control. Counties or corrections strategies and should share clearly demonstrate that when state cities in those states supervise (and in the savings when they cut prison and local governments work together, usually bear the costs for) offenders commitments and crime. they can find solutions that turn vi-

Susan K. Urahn is executive vice president of These incentives set up a win- cious cycles into virtuous ones and The Pew Charitable Trusts. win-win: States reduce the costs of produce better results at less cost. n

36 trust Winter 2013 End Note

What You Don’t Know About Antibiotics Could Hurt You—and

Somebody Else When Antibiotics Attack Very e ective How eective are antibiotics in fighting bacterial Somewhat e ective early all Americans know infections such as strep throat and some sinus infections Not too e ective and viral infections like flu or common cold? Not at all e ective that antibiotics are effec- BACTERIAL INFECTIONS tive in fighting bacterial 52% infections such as strep 35% 87% 7% Nthroat. But more than a third mistak- 4% 3% VIRAL INFECTIONS enly believe that the drugs also can 12% 24% 16% 42% treat viral infections like the common 36% 58% cold. The findings come from a poll conducted by The Pew Charitable Trusts in collaboration with the U.S. Community Impact Is Unclear 2% When people take antibiotics when 12% Centers for Disease Control and Pre- they do not need to, what impact does that vention. They are important because have on the eectiveness of antibiotics for others in the community? public education is critical to making 47% It can weaken the e ectiveness for sure antibiotics remain effective. Mis- other people in the community use can lead to superbugs—infections It does not make a di erence either way 39% that are immune to treatment. For It can strengthen the e ectiveness for other people in the community example, 1,900 Americans were hos- Not sure pitalized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Resistance Happens...... But Not to Me 1993, but by 2005, that number had When people take antibiotics when they do not How likely is it that an illness skyrocketed to 368,000. While the need to, which of these is more likely to happen? resistant to antibiotics will 5% aect you or your family? majority of people know that taking Antibiotics will be 5% less e ective in treating antibiotics when they are not needed their future illnesses 37% 15% Won’t make a di erence can harm them, many don’t realize in antibiotics’ ability to 11% Likely Very that the practice also can hurt others treat their future illnesses Likely Antibiotics will be more by helping bacteria build resistance. e ective in treating their 79% 26% 16% future illnesses “Antibiotic-resistant infections will Unlikely Very Not sure claim increasing numbers of lives un- Unlikely less we do more to ensure all Ameri- Test your knowledge of antibiotics by taking Pew’s quiz. cans take these lifesaving drugs only By Jan. 31, 2013, only 4 percent of those who took the quiz when they are needed and as directed got all the answers right. pewtrusts.org/antibioticsquiz by their doctors,” said Lauri Hicks, medical director of the CDC’s Get Smart: Know When Antibiotics Work program. n Nonprofit org u.s. postage paid Cinnaminson, nj Permit no. 579 One Commerce Square 2005 Market Street, Suite 1700 Philadelphia, PA 19103-7077

“Pew’s Voting Information Project provides easily accessible, nonpar- g es tisan election information to voters—and ultimately served 25 million of the 90 million people who cast ballots in the November election.”

­—from “Giving Voters the Information They Need,” Page 30 Im a Mark Hirsc h /Getty

An elections official unfurled the American flag outside the town hall in Smelser, WI, as polls opened on Election Day.