DOCSLIB.ORG

1953 UN Yearbook

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

664 Yearbook of the United Nations Jersey and eight miles away from the Chausey King of 5 July 1258, the Sub-Warden of the Islands, which belong to France. Islands was ordered "to guard the islands of Ger- nere and Geresey, and the king's other islands 1. Judgment of the Court in his keeping". In Letters Patent of the English King, dated 28 June 1360, it was provided that In its Judgment,7 the Court defined its task as the "keeper of the islands of Gerneseye, Jereseye, one of determining which of the parties had Serk and Aurneye, and other islands adjacent produced the more convincing proof of title to thereto" might have the keeping for a further one or the other group, or to both of them. period. The Court also referred to the Truce of Both parties claimed an ancient or original title London of 1471, which provided, in article 3, to both groups, which had always been main- that the King of France would not make any tained and never lost. Examining the titles in- hostile act against the Kingdom of England and voked by both parties, the Court stated that the other islands specially mentioned, including the United Kingdom derived its title from the con- Islands "of guernsey, Jersey and alderney [and] quest of England in 1066 by William, Duke of other territories, islands and lordships, which are, Normandy. This conquest united England with or will be, held and possessed by the said lord Normandy, including the Channel Islands, and King of England or by his subjects". Reference this union lasted until 1204 when King Philip was also made to a Papal Bull of 20 January Augustus of France drove the Anglo-Norman 1500, transferring the Channel Islands from the forces out of continental Normandy. But his at- Diocese of Coutances to the Diocese of Win- tempts to occupy the Islands were not successful, chester, which mentioned "the islands of Jersey and Guernsey, Chausey, Alderney, Herm and except for brief periods when some of them were taken by French forces. On this ground, the Court Sark". Two commercial Treaties of 1606 and 1655 said, the United Kingdom argued that all of the mentioned only Jersey and Guernsey, the Court stated. Channel Islands, including the Ecrehos and Min- quiers, remained, as before, united with England Basing itself on facts such as these, the Judg- and that this situation of fact was placed on a ment of the Court said, the United Kingdom legal basis by subsequent treaties concluded be- Government submitted the view that the Chan- tween English and French Kings. The French nel Islands were in the Middle Ages considered Government contended, for its part, that, after an entity, physically distinct from continental 1204, the King of France held the Minquiers Normandy, and that any failure to mention by and the Ecrehos, together with some other islands name any particular island in any relevant docu- close to the continent, and it referred to the same ment, while enumerating other Channel islands, mediaeval treaties as those invoked by the United did not imply that any such island lay outside Kingdom. that entity. The Court considered that, having The Court found that none of those treaties regard to the above-mentioned documents, and (Treaty of Paris of 1295, Treaty of Calais of particularly to the Charters of 1200 and 1203, 1360 and Treaty of Troyes of 1420) specified and in view of the undisputed fact that the whole which islands were held by the King of England of Normandy, including all the Channel Islands, or by the King of France. There were other docu- was held by the English King in his capacity as ments, however, which, the Court stated, provided Duke of Normandy from 1066 until 1204, there some indications as to the possession of the islets appeared to be a strong presumption in favour in dispute. The Court then referred to the Charter of the British view. If, the Court continued, the of 14 January 1200, by which King John of Ecrehos and the Minquiers were never specific- England granted to one of his Barons, Piers des ally mentioned in such enumerations, this was Préaux, the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey and Alder- probably due to their slight importance. The ney "to have and hold of us by service of three Court, however, felt that it could not draw from knights' fees". The Court also referred to the these considerations alone any definitive conclusion Charter of 1203 by which Piers des Préaux granted as to the sovereignty over the Ecrehos and the to the Abbey of Val-Richer "the island of Ecre- Minquiers since that question ultimately depended hou in entirety", stating that the King of England on the evidence of direct possession. "gave me the islands" (insulas mihi dedit). That, The French Government, the Court stated, saw the Court held, showed that he treated the Ecre- a presumption in favour of French sovereignty hos as an integral part of the fief of the Islands in the feudal link between the King of France, which he had received from the King. The Court 7 further stated that, in an Order from the English I.C.J. Reports 1953, p. 47..
Recommended publications
  • Sediment Budget and Morphological Evolution in the Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel (Normandy, France): Aerial (LIDAR) and Terrestrial Laser Monitoring

    Sediment Budget and Morphological Evolution in the Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel (Normandy, France): Aerial (LIDAR) and Terrestrial Laser Monitoring

    Littoral 2010, 12007 (2011) DOI:10.1051/litt/201112007 © Owned by the authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2011 Sediment budget and morphological evolution in the Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel (Normandy, France): aerial (LIDAR) and terrestrial laser monitoring Gluard Lucile1, [email protected] Levoy Franck1, Bretel Patrice1, Monfort Olivier1, 1 Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière UMR6143 Université de Caen – CNRS 2-4, rue des Tilleuls – 14 000 CAEN - FRANCE Abstract We propose a study on the use of laser techniques to monitor altimetric variations in the tidal flat of the Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel. The Bay of Mont-Saint-Michel has been strongly anthropised. Because of impoldering, wandering rivers were not able to sap salt-meadow and modern tidal flooding of the Mont-Saint-Michel has lowered. Through modern studies and projects aimed at restoring the marine nature of the bay it appears that flushes are useful to discard sediment tending to silt the bay. The major aim of our work consists in the better understanding of the effect of the dam built recently (May 2009) in that purpose. Laser scanning is commonly used for topographic surveys and the generation of Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Repeating surveys, allow to quantify topographic changes and therefore sediment budgets. Our study is based on aerial topographic surveys of the intertidal zone acquired before the operational start up of the dam (in 1997, 2002, 2007 and February 2009). Sediment budgets computations confirm that the bay tends to accrete but at annual rates quite variable in time. The value computed between 2002 and 2007 is 2.3 times and 3.5 times smaller than the deposition rates computed for the 1997/2002 and 2007/2009 periods.
  • Sainte Apolline's Chapel St. Saviour's, Guernsey Conservation Plan

    Sainte Apolline's Chapel St. Saviour's, Guernsey Conservation Plan

    Sainte Apolline's Chapel St. Saviour's, Guernsey Conservation Plan DRAFT Ref: 53511.03 December 2003 Wessex Archaeology Ste Apolline’s Chapel St Saviour’s Parish Guernsey Conservation Plan DRAFT Prepared for: States of Guernsey Heritage Committee Castle Cornet St Peter Port Guernsey GY1 1AU By: Wessex Archaeology Portway House Old Sarum Park Salisbury Wiltshire SP4 6EB In partnership with Carden & Godfrey Architects Environmental Design Associates Ltd AVN Conservation Consultancy & Dr John Mitchell Reference: 53511.03 18th December 2003 © The Trust for Wessex Archaeology Limited 2003 all rights reserved The Trust for Wessex Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No. 287786 Ste Apolline’s Chapel, St Saviour’s Parish, Guernsey Conservation Plan CONTENTS CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION.................................................................................1 1.1 Project Background ..........................................................................................1 1.2 Aims of the Conservation and Management Plan..........................................1 1.3 Methods..............................................................................................................2 CHAPTER 2:UNDERSTANDING .............................................................................7 2.1 Site Location......................................................................................................7 2.2 Development of the Chapel ..............................................................................7 2.3 The Condition of the
  • Open Finalthesis Weber Pdf.Pdf

    Open Finalthesis Weber Pdf.Pdf

    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND RELIGIOUS STUDIES FRACTURED POLITICS: DIPLOMACY, MARRIAGE, AND THE LAST PHASE OF THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR ARIEL WEBER SPRING 2014 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in Medieval Studies with honors in Medieval Studies Reviewed and approved* by the following: Benjamin T. Hudson Professor of History and Medieval Studies Thesis Supervisor/Honors Adviser Robert Edwards Professor of English and Comparative Literature Thesis Reader * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College. i ABSTRACT The beginning of the Hundred Years War came about from relentless conflict between France and England, with roots that can be traced the whole way to the 11th century, following the Norman invasion of England. These periods of engagement were the result of English nobles both living in and possessing land in northwest France. In their efforts to prevent further bloodshed, the monarchs began to engage in marriage diplomacy; by sending a young princess to a rival country, the hope would be that her native people would be unwilling to wage war on a royal family that carried their own blood. While this method temporarily succeeded, the tradition would create serious issues of inheritance, and the beginning of the last phase of the Hundred Years War, and the last act of success on the part of the English, the Treaty of Troyes, is the culmination of the efforts of the French kings of the early 14th century to pacify their English neighbors, cousins, and nephews. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Plantagenet Claim to France...................................................................................
  • Orkney & Shetland Sea Kayaking

    Orkney & Shetland Sea Kayaking

    South East England & Channel Islands Sea Kayaking Derek Hairon et al. Sheffield Lincoln Skegness 25 24 23 22 Nottingham The Wash Derby Hunstanton Cromer King’s Lynn Norwich Great Yarmouth Peterborough 21 Lowestoft Bury St Edmunds Northampton Cambridge 20 Ipswich Banbury Orford Ness Milton Keynes 19 Felixstowe Colchester 18 Luton The Naze Clacton-on-Sea Oxford Southend-on-Sea LONDON 15 16 17 Isle of Staines Sheppey 12 14 13 Croydon Margate Ramsgate 11 Dover South Foreland Crawley Folkestone 10 Winchester Calais Southampton Dungeness Hastings 1 5 Brighton 9 2 3 7 4 6 Boulogne Littlehampton Eastbourne Portsmouth Beachy Head Selsey Bill 8 Isle of Wight FRANCE 0 10 20 30 40 Kilometres Nautical Miles 0 20 South East England and Channel Islands Sea Kayaking Derek Hairon, Andy Levick, Mark Rainsley, Mark Gawler, Annie Davis, Guy Smith, John Brett and Kurt Finch Pesda Press www.pesdapress.com First published in Great Britain 2015 by Pesda Press Tan y Coed Canol, Ceunant Caernarfon, Gwynedd LL55 4RN Wales Copyright © 2015 Derek Hairon, Andy Levick, Mark Rainsley, Mark Gawler, Annie Davis, Guy Smith, John Brett and Kurt Finch. ISBN: 978-1-906095-50-5 The Authors assert the moral right to be identified as the authors of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Maps by Bute Cartographic Printed and bound in Poland, www.lfbookservices.co.uk Introduction Though geographically close, the two areas covered in this guide are as different in character as it is possible to conceive.
  • Guernsey, 1814-1914: Migration in a Modernising Society

    Guernsey, 1814-1914: Migration in a Modernising Society

    GUERNSEY, 1814-1914: MIGRATION IN A MODERNISING SOCIETY Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester by Rose-Marie Anne Crossan Centre for English Local History University of Leicester March, 2005 UMI Number: U594527 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U594527 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 GUERNSEY, 1814-1914: MIGRATION IN A MODERNISING SOCIETY ROSE-MARIE ANNE CROSSAN Centre for English Local History University of Leicester March 2005 ABSTRACT Guernsey is a densely populated island lying 27 miles off the Normandy coast. In 1814 it remained largely French-speaking, though it had been politically British for 600 years. The island's only town, St Peter Port (which in 1814 accommodated over half the population) had during the previous century developed a thriving commercial sector with strong links to England, whose cultural influence it began to absorb. The rural hinterland was, by contrast, characterised by a traditional autarkic regime more redolent of pre­ industrial France. By 1914, the population had doubled, but St Peter Port's share had fallen to 43 percent.
  • Documents of Constitutional Importance for the Channel Islands

    Documents of Constitutional Importance for the Channel Islands

    THE JERSEY & GUERNSEY LAW REVIEW 2015 DOCUMENTS OF CONSTITUTIONAL IMPORTANCE FOR THE CHANNEL ISLANDS: Reflections on a Rencontre Gordon Dawes The papers presented at a Rencontre in Guernsey in 2009 drew attention to a number of documents of significance in the constitutional history of the Channel Islands. The author examines each of them. 1 It was my privilege to edit ten papers produced for and after the Rencontre which took place in 2009, loosely themed around the Treaty of Paris of 1259. The papers covered a wide range of topics historical and legal, but shared a common Anglo-Norman theme. The Rencontres are important opportunities for the legal and academic communities of the United Kingdom, France, the Channel Islands and further afield to meet, exchange ideas and stimulate each other’s activities. The published proceedings of the Rencontres are valuable records in their own right and have stood the test of time in terms of their usefulness. Highlights from previous travaux include Robert Génestal’s La Formation et le Développement de la Coutume de Normandie1 and Jean Yver’s Les caractères originaux de la Coutume normande dans les îles de la Manche.2 The papers from the 2004 Rencontre3 were well received. The wonderfully evocative and illuminating tale underlying John Kelleher’s paper has stayed with me in particular.4 1 Travaux de la Semaine d’Histoire du Droit Normand tenue à Guernesey du 26 au 30 Mai 1927, Caen 1928, at 37. See also his paper on the retrait lignager from the 1923 Semaine, this time held in Jersey.
  • Parliament: Should Britain Continue the War After Yorktown?

    Parliament: Should Britain Continue the War After Yorktown?

    1 Revolutionary War Unit Parliament: Should Britain Continue the War after Yorktown? TIME AND GRADE LEVEL One 45 or 50 minute class period in a Grade 4-8. (There is also a two-day version of this lesson.) PURPOSE AND CRITICAL ENGAGEMENT QUESTIONS History is the chronicle of choices made by actors/agents/protagonists who, in very specific contexts, unearth opportunities and inevitably encounter impediments. During the Revolutionary War people of every stripe navigated turbulent waters. As individuals and groups struggled for their own survival, they also shaped the course of the nation. Whether a general or a private, male or female, free or enslaved, each became a player in a sweeping drama. The instructive sessions outlined here are tailored for upper elementary and middle school students, who encounter history most readily through the lives of individual historical players. Here, students actually become those players, confronted with tough and often heart-wrenching choices that have significant consequences. History in all its complexity comes alive. It is a convoluted, thorny business, far more so than streamlined timelines suggest, yet still accessible on a personal level to students at this level. In this simulation, elementary or middle school students become members of the British Parliament who must decide, after the defeat at Yorktown, whether to continue the war in America. The lesson opens with a question. In 1777, Britain lost some 7,000 soldiers at Saratoga; in 1781 it lost some 8,000 at Yorktown, but it still had over 40,000 troops stationed in North America and the West Indies. Why did one defeat trigger the end of the war, while others did not? The question itself, rarely asked, leads to an expanded look at the Revolutionary War, which by 1781 had evolved into a global war.
  • Observation and Modelling of Natural Retention Structures In

    Observation and Modelling of Natural Retention Structures In

    Journal of Marine Systems Archimer, archive institutionnelle de l’Ifremer Vol. 63, Issues 3-4 , Dec. 2006, Pages 244-256 http://www.ifremer.fr/docelec/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2006.05.004 © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved ailable on the publisher Web site Observation and modelling of natural retention structures in the English Channel Alain Ménesguen*,a, and Francis Gohina aDépartement Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier, Laboratoire Ecologie benthique, IFREMER/Centre de Brest, 29280 Plouzané, France *: Corresponding author : tel: 33 2 98 22 43 34 ; fax: 33 2 98 22 45 48 ; e-mail: [email protected] blisher-authenticated version is av Abstract: Accumulation of heat, or dissolved substances (nutrients, pollutants, etc.), or fine suspended particles in a water body is a key process in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and their resistance to perturbations. In complex and wide open environments such as marine ecosystems, net accumulation is not only linked to the local renewal capacity of the water body, but also to the partial recirculation of water due to convective cells of various sizes. The English Channel, which can be considered as mainly dominated by tidal movements, exhibits such a complex quasi-permanent long-term circulation, made of a central “river” bordered with a lot of nested gyres. Here, we show that structures visible on satellite images of SST (Sea Surface Temperature), chlorophyll and SPIM (Suspended Particulate Inorganic Matter) can be explained by steady state distributions of tracers having various half-life durations, which can be computed using a simple technique of regularly distributed micro-injection in the permanent flow field.
  • Performing Jurisdictional Politics in the Bailiwick of Guernsey: a Study

    Performing Jurisdictional Politics in the Bailiwick of Guernsey: a Study

    Transformations issue 35 (2021) Performing Jurisdictional Politics in the www.transformationsjournal.org Bailiwick of Guernsey: A Study of Anthems and ISSN 1444-3775 Stamps AUTHOR BIO Henry Johnson Born in Jersey in the Channel Islands, Henry Johnson is now ABSTRACT Professor of Music at the University of Otago, New ZealanD. His research interests The Bailiwick of Guernsey is a British jurisdiction in the Channel Islands are in Island StuDies and Asian comprising several islands and forming a binary with the neighbouring Studies. He has undertaken Bailiwick of Jersey. The Bailiwick is an archipelago of administrative similitude fieldwork on many island and island-based jurisdictional difference. It is a dependency of the British locations in Europe, Asia, Crown with a sense of independence and with identity and jurisdiction Australasia and the Pacific. His constructed within, between and across several island spheres. This is a setting recent publications incluDe Global of anomalous/autonomous territories, with the Bailiwick having a distinct Glam and Popular Music geography of overlapping political jurisdictions that exhibit an administrative (Routledge, 2016), Migration, dialectics of place with islandness and archipelago-ness at the core of identity Education and Translation making. This article asks: How do the islands within the Bailiwick of Guernsey (Routledge, 2020), and Nenes’ perform jurisdictional politics as territorial units? As well as discussing the Koza Dabasa (Bloomsbury, 2021). He is Associate Director of the islands’ top-down administrative structures, distinct emblems of politicised Centre for Global Migrations at island identity in the form of anthems and postage stamps are considered the University of Otago. regarding the ways they contribute to island performativity and identity construction within their territorial setting.
  • The Minquiers and Écréhous in Spatial Context: Contemporary Issues and Cross Perspectives on Border Islands, Reefs and Rocks

    The Minquiers and Écréhous in Spatial Context: Contemporary Issues and Cross Perspectives on Border Islands, Reefs and Rocks

    Island Studies Journal , Vol. 10, No. 2, 2015, pp. 163-180 The Minquiers and Écréhous in spatial context: Contemporary issues and cross perspectives on border islands, reefs and rocks Christian Fleury ESO (Espaces et Sociétés) Caen, Université de Caen-Normandie, France [email protected] and Henry Johnson University of Otago, New Zealand [email protected] ABSTRACT: The Minquiers and Écréhous reefs are located in different parts of the Gulf of St Malo between the British island of Jersey and the French mainland. As a part of the Bailiwick of Jersey, they are geographically very close to the international sea border between Jersey and France, and have had a history of disputed sovereignty. Due to their respective geographical locations and histories, the Minquiers and Écréhous are important sites for the field of Island Studies because of their existence as “border islands”. This article offers a study of these reefs in their spatial context of land and sea, discussing contemporary issues, including fishing, environmentalism and tourism, and offering cross perspectives in terms of their political, economic and cultural connections with Jersey and France. They exist in a context of immense spatial change with substantial tidal ebbs and flows, and between mainlands and historically contested maritime terrains. Such a study helps show how the Minquiers and Écréhous occupy an inbetween space (land, sea and nations), which resulted in international agreements in 2000 that confirmed both the maritime boundary separating France and Jersey, and the areas agreed on as common waters for fishing purposes within Jersey’s jurisdiction. In this setting, this paper offers a critical discussion on the nature of “islands inbetween” (including all the Channel Islands), where land and sea are interconnected as a result of nature, politics, historical fishing rights and leisure activities.
  • Centipedes & Millipedes

    Centipedes & Millipedes

    MYRIAPODA (CENTIPEDES & MILLIPEDES) FROM THE CHANNEL ISLANDS MYRIAPODA (CENTIPEDES & MILLIPEDES) FROM THE CHANNEL ISLANDS A.D.Barber Rathgar, Exeter Road, Ivybridge, Devon, PL21 0BD Politically British, although geographically French, the Channel Islands are of myriapodological interest because of their much longer connection with the European mainland than that of England. Johnston (1981) describes some of the sequence of changes following the end of the last glaciation and the consequential rise in sea levels. By about 7,500 BC England and France had finally separated. Guernsey, Herm and Sark seem to have been part of a penin- sula still connected to France by a narrow isthmus with Alderney and Jersey part of the mainland. By about 7,000 BC Alderney, Guernsey/Herm and Sark were separate islands with Jersey a broad peninsula of the mainland. At this time the vegetation seems to have been thick deciduous forests with oak predominating. By 4,000 BC all islands were separate. Present day species on the islands may date back to the more favourable post-glacial period (or be survivors from refugia), may have arrived by accidental transport (e.g. by rafting; most likely with littoral species) or accidentally, being imported as a result of human activity. There has been a history of human occupation of the islands going back a long way, possibly as long as 600,000 years, and trade between Britain, France and the Islands in recent years (including the closer links with France during the Occupation) may be responsible for the occurrence of certain species. Land use in the main islands of Guernsey & Jersey is often intensive but “wild areas” occur especially around the coast, in reserves & in conserved areas, golf courses, etc.
  • The Wilted Lily Representations of the Greater Capetian Dynasty Within the Vernacular Tradition of Saint-Denis, 1274-1464

    The Wilted Lily Representations of the Greater Capetian Dynasty Within the Vernacular Tradition of Saint-Denis, 1274-1464

    THE WILTED LILY REPRESENTATIONS OF THE GREATER CAPETIAN DYNASTY WITHIN THE VERNACULAR TRADITION OF SAINT-DENIS, 1274-1464 by Derek R. Whaley A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History at the University of Canterbury, 2017. ABSTRACT Much has been written about representations of kingship and regnal au- thority in the French vernacular chronicles popularly known as Les grandes chroniques de France, first composed at the Benedictine abbey of Saint-Denis in 1274 by the monk Primat. However, historians have ignored the fact that Primat intended his work to be a miroir for the princes—a didactic guidebook from which cadets of the Capetian royal family of France could learn good governance and morality. This study intends to correct this oversight by analysing the ways in which the chroniclers Guillaume de Nangis, Richard Lescot, Pierre d’Orgemont, Jean Juvénal des Ursins, and Jean Chartier constructed moral character arcs for many of the members of the Capetian family in their continua- tions to Primat’s text. This thesis is organised into case studies that fol- low the storylines of various cadets from their introduction in the narrative to their departure. Each cadet is analysed in isolation to deter- mine how the continuators portrayed them and what moral themes their depictions supported, if any. Together, these cases prove that the chron- iclers carefully crafted their narratives to serve as miroirs, but also that their overarching goals shifted in response to the growing political cri- ses caused by the Hundred Years War (1337-1453) and the Armagnac- Burgundian civil war (1405-1435).