The Republic of Tunisia
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Kamal Ben Younis Auther N
Artical Name : Vision from Within Artical Subject : Where is Tunisia Heading? Publish Date: 21/01/2018 Auther Name: Kamal Ben Younis Subject : Tunisian authorities managed to deal with the protests, which erupted in a number of cities and poor neighborhoods in the capital, after ³government announced an increase in value-added tax and social contributions in the budget.´However, the calm situation may be temporary if the authorities do not succeed in finding radical solutions to the problems, which angered youths. Those youth for seven years now have been threatening of a ³new revolution´that topples the new political elite whom they accuse of failing to achieve the main goals of their revolution which developed in January 2011.So where is Tunisia heading seven years after President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali was toppled? Will the parties which triggered these new confrontations with the security forces succeed in launching what they call ³a second revolution´"Or will the opposite happen? Will the current political regime witness any substantial changes especially that it has been internationally supported for several reasons including that many western countries bet on the success of the ³Tunisian exception in transitioning towards democracy?´Separation from YouthsSome of those who oppose the government, mainly the opposition leaders of leftist, nationalist and Baathist groups that are involved in the Popular Front, which is led by Hamma Hammami and Ziad Lakhdhar, think that the increased protests against the governments, which have governed since January 2011, is proof that they cannot achieve the revolution¶s aims regarding jobs, dignity. That is because the government cannot liberate its measures from the International Monetary Fund¶s directions and from the agendas of financial lobbies that are involved in corruption, trafficking and imposing a capitalist policy. -
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44 Germany’s Security Assistance to Tunisia: A Boost to Tunisia’s Long-Term Stability and Democracy? Anna Stahl, Jana Treffler IEMed. European Institute of the Mediterranean Consortium formed by: Board of Trustees - Business Council: Corporate Sponsors Partner Institutions Papers IE Med. Publication : European Institute of the Mediterranean Editorial Coordinator: Aleksandra Chmielewska Proof-reading: Neil Charlton Layout: Núria Esparza Print ISSN: 2565-2419 Digital ISSN: 2565-2427 Legal deposit: B 27451-2019 November 2019 This series of Papers brings together the result of research projects presented at the EuroMeSCo Annual Conference 2018. On the occasion of the EuroMeSCo Annual Conference “Changing Euro-Mediterranean Lenses”, held in Rabat on 12-13 July 2018, distinguished analysts presented indeed their research proposals related to developments in Europe and their impact on how Southern Mediterranean states perceive the EU and engage in Euro-Mediterranean cooperation mechanisms. More precisely, the papers articulated around three main tracks: how strategies and policies of external actors including the European Union impact on Southern Mediterranean countries, how the EU is perceived by the neighbouring states in the light of new European and Euro-Mediterranean dynamics, and what is the state of play of Euro-Mediterranean relations, how to revitalize Euro-Mediterranean relations and overcome spoilers. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility -
Tunisia 2019 Human Rights Report
TUNISIA 2019 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Tunisia is a constitutional republic with a multiparty, unicameral parliamentary system and a president with powers specified in the constitution. During the year the country held parliamentary and presidential elections in the first transition of power since its first democratic elections in 2014. On October 6, the country held open and competitive parliamentary elections that resulted in the Nahda Party winning a plurality of the votes, granting the party the opportunity to form a new government. President Kais Saied, an independent candidate without a political party, came to office on October 23 after winning the country’s second democratic presidential elections. On July 25, President Caid Essebsi died of natural causes and power transferred to Speaker of Parliament Mohamed Ennaceur as acting president for the three months prior to the election of President Saied on October 13. The Ministry of Interior holds legal authority and responsibility for law enforcement. The ministry oversees the National Police, which has primary responsibility for law enforcement in the major cities, and the National Guard (gendarmerie), which oversees border security and patrols smaller towns and rural areas. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. Significant human rights issues included reports of unlawful or arbitrary killings, primarily by terrorist groups; allegations of torture by government agents, which reportedly decreased during the year; arbitrary arrests and detentions of suspects under antiterrorism or emergency laws; undue restrictions on freedom of expression and the press, including criminalization of libel; corruption, although the government took steps to combat it; societal violence and threats of violence targeting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons; and criminalization of consensual same-sex sexual conduct that resulted in arrests and abuse by security forces. -
Cdl(2015)026*
Strasbourg, 2 June 2015 CDL(2015)026* Engl. only EUROPEAN COMMISSION FOR DEMOCRACY THROUGH LAW (VENICE COMMISSION) PRESIDENT’S ACTIVITIES from 10 March to 12 May 2015 *This document has been classified restricted on the date of issue. Unless the Venice Commission decides otherwise, it will be declassified a year after its issue according to the rules set up in Resolution CM/Res(2001)6 on access to Council of Europe documents. This document will not be distributed at the meeting. Please bring this copy. www.venice.coe.int CDL(2015)026 - 2 - 10 March 2015 – Tunis - Official visit to Tunisia with the new Authorities formed after the 2014 legislative and presidential elections, to discuss co-operation with the Venice Commission for the implementation of new Tunisian Constitution. - Meetings with Mr Beji Caid Essebsi, President of Tunisia, Mr Mohamed Ennaceur, President of the People Representatives Assembly, Mr Mohamed Salah Ben Aissa, Minister of Justice, Mr Kamel Jendoubi, Minister in charge of the relations with the Constitutional Institutions and the Civil Society, Mr Khaled Ayari, President of the Cassation Court and of the Body in charge of Constitutional Review, Mr Chafik Sarsar, Chairman of the High Independent Authority for the elections. - Subjects for future co-operation: establishment of the High Council of the Judiciary and of the Constitutional Court, electoral law and political parties. 12 March 2015 – Lisbon - Exchange of views with the Board of Management of Eurimages on the Venice Commission’s experience as an Enlarged Agreement and co-operation with non-European States. 16 March 2015 – Paris - Working lunch with Ms Kristyna Zelienkova, Rapporteur to the Political Affairs Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly to the Council of Europe, on the political consequences of the crisis in Ukraine. -
Arab Dispatch - a Project by the NATO Defense College Foundation
Arab Dispatch - a project by the NATO Defense College Foundation Issue n. 21 24th - 31st July 2019 North Africa #Tunisia – Tunisia bids farewell to President Essebsi and announces early election On the 27th of July, thousands of people have gathered in the capital Tunis to bid farewell to the country’s first democratically elected President, Beji Caid Essebsi, at a state funeral that was attended by several foreign leaders. Essebsi, who helped guide Tunisia’s democratic transition after the 2011 Jasmine Revolution, died aged 92 last Thursday. Appointed as PM after Ben Ali’s fall, he founded in 2012 the secular Nidaa Tounes party – now part of the governing coalition with the Islamist party Ennahda – and was elected head of state two years later. Caid Essebsi was widely perceived as a unifying figure in Tunisia’s fractured political landscape, but ultimately unable to bring prosperity and stability to a country beset by a persistent economic crisis and hit by sporadic terrorist attacks. Hours after his death, Parliament Speaker, Mohamed Ennaceur, became interim president in line with the current constitution. Meanwhile, the electoral commission announced a presidential election for the 15thof September, two months earlier than scheduled. To know more about this topic: • Al-Monitor, “Tunisian president's death leaves conflicted legacy, unclear future”, 07/25/19, available at: bit.ly/2ZjX2tJ. • Middle East Monitor, “Tunisia bids farewell to president Essebsi at state funeral”, 07/27/19, available at: bit.ly/2YdItLD. • The Arab Weekly, “Tunisian president’s death changes country’s political landscape”, 07/27/19, available at: bit.ly/2YefWWn. -
List of Certain Foreign Institutions Classified As Official for Purposes of Reporting on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms
NOT FOR PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY JANUARY 2001 Revised Aug. 2002, May 2004, May 2005, May/July 2006, June 2007 List of Certain Foreign Institutions classified as Official for Purposes of Reporting on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms The attached list of foreign institutions, which conform to the definition of foreign official institutions on the Treasury International Capital (TIC) Forms, supersedes all previous lists. The definition of foreign official institutions is: "FOREIGN OFFICIAL INSTITUTIONS (FOI) include the following: 1. Treasuries, including ministries of finance, or corresponding departments of national governments; central banks, including all departments thereof; stabilization funds, including official exchange control offices or other government exchange authorities; and diplomatic and consular establishments and other departments and agencies of national governments. 2. International and regional organizations. 3. Banks, corporations, or other agencies (including development banks and other institutions that are majority-owned by central governments) that are fiscal agents of national governments and perform activities similar to those of a treasury, central bank, stabilization fund, or exchange control authority." Although the attached list includes the major foreign official institutions which have come to the attention of the Federal Reserve Banks and the Department of the Treasury, it does not purport to be exhaustive. Whenever a question arises whether or not an institution should, in accordance with the instructions on the TIC forms, be classified as official, the Federal Reserve Bank with which you file reports should be consulted. It should be noted that the list does not in every case include all alternative names applying to the same institution. -
Understanding Social Democracy
1 Understanding Social Democracy By Sheri Berman Associate Professor of Political Science Barnard College Columbia University 3009 Broadway New York, NY 10027-6598 (212) 854-2158 2 For the first half of the twentieth century, Europe was the most turbulent region on earth, convulsed by war, economic crisis, and social and political conflict. For the second half of the century, it was among the most placid, a study in harmony and prosperity. What changed? Two narratives commonly emerge in answer to this question. The first focuses on the struggle between democracy and its alternatives, pitting liberalism against fascism, National Socialism, and Marxist-Leninism. The second focuses on competition between capitalism and its alternatives, pitting liberals against socialists and communists. Democratic capitalism is simply the best, indeed the “natural” form of societal organization, these stories assert, and once Western Europe fully embraced it, all was well. This account obviously contains some truth: the century did witness a struggle between democracy and its enemies and the market and its alternatives. But it is only a partial truth, because it overlooks a crucial point: democracy and capitalism were historically at odds. An indispensable element of their joint victory, therefore, was the discovery of some way for them to coexist. In practice, that turned out to mean a willingness to use political power to protect citizens from the ravages of untrammeled markets. The ideology that triumphed was not liberalism, as the “End of History” folks would have it, it was social democracy. If this sounds surprising or overblown it is because social democracy rarely gets either the respect or in-depth ideological analysis it deserves. -
Central Bank Independence in North Africa
POLICY BRIEF NO. 36 MARCH 2014 CENTRAL BANK INDEPENDENCE IN NORTH AFRICA BESSMA MOMANI AND SAMANTHA ST. AMAND KEY POINTS • Over the past 30 years, North African states have made positive strides toward central bank independence (CBI) that are correlated with overall structural transformations toward economic liberalization. • The Arab uprisings appeared to provide a positive political nudge for advancing statutory amendments toward CBI. • Compared to other emerging market economies and developing regions, there is further room for improvement on achieving the goals of CBI in North Africa. • CBI in North Africa can be strengthened by promoting a learning culture and technocratic BESSMA MOMANI values within the central banks. Bessma Momani is associate professor in the Department of Political Science at the University INTRODUCTION of Waterloo and the BSIA. She is also a senior fellow with the Centre for International Governance Securing CBI has become best practice in global governance. Both the political Innovation (CIGI). and economic literatures suggest that CBI facilitates price stability, promotes transparency to citizens and provides accountability toward the public good. CBI is also credited with protecting the economic and financial system from the trappings of regulatory capture. In addition, a number of scholars have argued that CBI is correlated with positive policy outcomes, including balanced long- term economic growth, stable financial markets and a reduced likelihood of publicly funded financial institution bailouts. Moreover, some have suggested that CBI is important for fostering a healthy liberal democracy. As global markets SAMANTHA ST. AMAND have become increasingly integrated and interdependent, securing CBI is also Samantha St. Amand is a research associate in the Global Economy considered a domestic, regional and global public good. -
Tax Relief Country: Italy Security: Intesa Sanpaolo S.P.A
Important Notice The Depository Trust Company B #: 15497-21 Date: August 24, 2021 To: All Participants Category: Tax Relief, Distributions From: International Services Attention: Operations, Reorg & Dividend Managers, Partners & Cashiers Tax Relief Country: Italy Security: Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A. CUSIPs: 46115HAU1 Subject: Record Date: 9/2/2021 Payable Date: 9/17/2021 CA Web Instruction Deadline: 9/16/2021 8:00 PM (E.T.) Participants can use DTC’s Corporate Actions Web (CA Web) service to certify all or a portion of their position entitled to the applicable withholding tax rate. Participants are urged to consult TaxInfo before certifying their instructions over CA Web. Important: Prior to certifying tax withholding instructions, participants are urged to read, understand and comply with the information in the Legal Conditions category found on TaxInfo over the CA Web. ***Please read this Important Notice fully to ensure that the self-certification document is sent to the agent by the indicated deadline*** Questions regarding this Important Notice may be directed to Acupay at +1 212-422-1222. Important Legal Information: The Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) does not represent or warrant the accuracy, adequacy, timeliness, completeness or fitness for any particular purpose of the information contained in this communication, which is based in part on information obtained from third parties and not independently verified by DTC and which is provided as is. The information contained in this communication is not intended to be a substitute for obtaining tax advice from an appropriate professional advisor. In providing this communication, DTC shall not be liable for (1) any loss resulting directly or indirectly from mistakes, errors, omissions, interruptions, delays or defects in such communication, unless caused directly by gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of DTC, and (2) any special, consequential, exemplary, incidental or punitive damages. -
Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Kirkpatrick, David D. "Moderate Islamist Party Heads Toward Victory in Tunisia."
Annotated Bibliography Primary Sources Kirkpatrick, David D. "Moderate Islamist Party Heads toward Victory in Tunisia." NY Times, New York Times, 24 Oct. 2011, www.nytimes.com/2011/10/25/world/africa/ennahda-moderate-islamic-party-makes-stro ng-showing-in-tunisia-vote.html. Accessed 8 Jan. 2020. This article was especially helpful for information about the results of Tunisia's election. It mentioned how the modern Islamic group is very proud that they managed to win control of a country using fair elections. This article is trustworthy because it was published by the New York Times, which is a mainstream source that has minimal bias. "Report: 338 Killed during Tunisia Revolution." AP News, 12 May 2012, apnews.com/f91b86df98c34fb3abedc3d2e8accbcf. Accessed 14 Feb. 2020. I used this source to find more specific numbers for the deaths and injuries that happened due to the Tunisian Arab Spring. This article was issued by AP News which is considered to have accurate news and minimal bias. Ritfai, Ryan. "Timeline: Tunisia's Uprising." Al-jazeera, 23 Jan. 2011, www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/tunisia/2011/01/201114142223827361.html. Accessed 14 Feb. 2020. I used this source to affirm descriptive details such as the exact dates for important events. Al-Jazeera published this article and is considered accurate, liable, and unbiased. Ryan, Yasmine. "The Tragic Life of a Street Vendor." Al-jazeera, www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2011/01/201111684242518839.html. Accessed 6 Ahmad 1 Feb. 2020. I used this source to find out if Ben Ali visited Bouazizi in the hospital. This article was published by Al-Jazeera which is a fact reporting and unbiased source. -
After the New Social Democracy Offers a Distinctive Contribution to Political Ideas
fitzpatrick cvr 8/8/03 11:10 AM Page 1 Social democracy has made a political comeback in recent years, After thenewsocialdemocracy especially under the influence of the Third Way. However, not everyone is convinced that this ‘new social democracy’ is the best means of reviving the Left’s social project. This book explains why and offers an alternative approach. Bringing together a range of social and political theories After the After the new new social democracy engages with some of the most important contemporary debates regarding the present direction and future of the Left. Drawing upon egalitarian, feminist and environmental social democracy ideas it proposes that the social democratic tradition can be renewed but only if the dominance of conservative ideas is challenged more effectively. It explores a number of issues with this aim in mind, including justice, the state, democracy, welfare reform, new technologies, future generations and the new genetics. Employing a lively and authoritative style After the new social democracy offers a distinctive contribution to political ideas. It will appeal to all of those interested in politics, philosophy, social policy and social studies. Social welfare for the Tony Fitzpatrick is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Sociology and Social twenty-first century Policy, University of Nottingham. FITZPATRICK TONY FITZPATRICK TZPPR 4/25/2005 4:45 PM Page i After the new social democracy TZPPR 4/25/2005 4:45 PM Page ii For my parents TZPPR 4/25/2005 4:45 PM Page iii After the new social democracy Social welfare for the twenty-first century TONY FITZPATRICK Manchester University Press Manchester and New York distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave TZPPR 4/25/2005 4:45 PM Page iv Copyright © Tony Fitzpatrick 2003 The right of Tony Fitzpatrick to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. -
Political Transition in Tunisia
Political Transition in Tunisia Alexis Arieff Analyst in African Affairs April 15, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21666 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Political Transition in Tunisia Summary On January 14, 2011, President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali fled the country for Saudi Arabia following weeks of mounting anti-government protests. Tunisia’s mass popular uprising, dubbed the “Jasmine Revolution,” appears to have added momentum to anti-government and pro-reform sentiment in other countries across the region, and some policy makers view Tunisia as an important “test case” for democratic transitions elsewhere in the Middle East. Ben Ali’s departure was greeted by widespread euphoria within Tunisia. However, political instability, economic crisis, and insecurity are continuing challenges. On February 27, amid a resurgence in anti-government demonstrations, Prime Minister Mohamed Ghannouchi (a holdover from Ben Ali’s administration) stepped down and was replaced by Béji Caïd Essebsi, an elder statesman from the administration of the late founding President Habib Bourguiba. On March 3, the interim government announced a new transition “road map” that would entail the election on July 24 of a “National Constituent Assembly.” The Assembly would, in turn, be charged with promulgating a new constitution ahead of expected presidential and parliamentary elections, which have not been scheduled. The protest movement has greeted the road map as a victory, but many questions remain concerning its implementation. Until January, Ben Ali and his Constitutional Democratic Rally (RCD) party exerted near-total control over parliament, state and local governments, and most political activity.