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Dpaw 2013-14 LCI MERI Report

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Dpaw 2013-14 LCI MERI Report North-Kimberley Landscape Conservation Initiative 2013–14 Monitoring, Evaluation, Research & Improvement Report ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Department of Parks and Wildlife acknowledges the Traditional Owner groups who have enabled staff access to their country to conduct both operational land management activities and the field monitoring program under the Landscape Conservation Initiative. Parks and Wildlife acknowledges the traditional custodians and Native Title holders of Balanggarra, Dambimangari, Wilinggin and Wunambal Gaambera lands and thank them for their support and direct contributions to this program, as well as the contributions that their own Healthy Country programs have made to conservation outcomes in the North-Kimberley. Parks and Wildlife acknowledge the land management and research programs done by Australian Wildlife Conservancy in the central and north Kimberley. The contributions they have made to fire management, feral animal management and biodiversity conservation are appreciated. The authors thank the large number of Parks and Wildlife staff involved in the development, implementation and analysis of the LCI reporting program and on-ground threat management programs. This includes regional staff: Richard Fairman, Lindsay Baker, John Hayward, Greg Goonack, Richard Tunnicliffe, Paul Hyndes, Allan Thomson, Philip de Bruyn, David Chemello, Tracy Sonneman, Ed Hatherley, Nathan Connor, Jai Latham, Daryl Moncrieff and Luke Bentley; and Perth-based staff: Lesley Gibson, Norm McKenzie, Greg Keighery, Ricky van Dongen, Bart Huntley, Jane Chapman, Graeme Behn, Janine Kinloch and Georgina Pitt. Parks and Wildlife acknowledge the Department of Agriculture and Food for their contribution to large feral herbivore and weed management, and the authors thank Mick Everitt for supplying data from the Judas donkey program. Cover photographs North-Kimberley coastline with rainforest patch, palm forest at Mitchell Plateau and golden-backed tree rat by David Bettini. ©Western Australia, May 2016 Department of Parks and Wildlife, PO Box 942, Kununurra WA 6743 Citation Corey, B., Radford, I., Carnes, K. and Moncrieff, A. (2016) North-Kimberley Landscape Conservation Initiative: 2013– 14 Monitoring, Evaluation, Research & Improvement Report. Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kununurra, WA. 1 SUMMARY Context. Despite its relatively intact landscapes, northern Australia has been experiencing worrying biodiversity declines, with strong evidence that these herald an imminent wave of extinctions; similar to those experienced in southern Australia. Biodiversity values are threatened by altered fire regimes, introduced and domestic herbivores, feral predators and prey, and invasive plants. The North-Kimberley has been far less affected by these declines, and is considered a stronghold for biodiversity. Aims. The Landscape Conservation Initiative (LCI) was established under the Western Australian government’s Kimberley Science and Conservation Strategy and aims to retain and enhance current natural biodiversity and landscape values in the North-Kimberley through partnerships with land owners and managers. Methods. Threats from fire and invasive animals and plants are being managed across > 65,000 km2 by the Department of Parks and Wildlife, Native Title groups, conservation NGOs, pastoralists and other government departments. A monitoring program focused on three biodiversity indictors has been established to measure management effectiveness: (1) rainforest patch extent and condition; (2) small-medium sized mammal diversity and abundance; and (3) vegetation and habitat condition. The premise being that these should remain stable or improve if the aforementioned threats are being managed adequately. Key results. Rainforest patches remained stable from 2012 to 2014, with no evidence of degradation. Overall, small mammal diversity and abundance has been retained, but there are areas of concern; most notably the King Edward, and Laterite regions of the Mitchell Plateau, and the Orchid Creek region in Drysdale River National Park. These areas have very low diversity (≤ 1 species) and abundance (< 5 % trap success) – similar to reference sites on Mount Elizabeth station (an active pastoral station). There is evidence to suggest that vegetation cover is increasing. Increased fire management has made great inroads in terms of arresting the boom and bust fire regimes that dominated the North-Kimberley prior to 2008. Late season fires have been reduced by nearly 50 %, resulting in a 55 % increase in vegetation patchiness (for ≥ 3 year old vegetation). However, the extent of this long unburnt vegetation has not increased. Large feral herbivore control is yet to make a measurable reduction in landscape impacts. Weed management has reduced the extent of grader grass (Themeda quadrivalvis) by > 50 % in the Mitchell River area; however data recording and data management needs to be improved across other areas and for other species so the full extent of management efforts can be captured and evaluated. Conclusion. Monitoring has demonstrated that increased investment in threat management in the North- Kimberley has achieved some measurable environmental outcomes and positive benefits for biodiversity. Equally as important, it has also highlighted areas where management needs to be fine-tuned. Finally, it has helped to shed light on the causal mechanisms of biodiversity declines across northern Australia, in particular small mammals and the role that fire and large introduced herbivores play in the decline and persistence of small mammals. Implications. Monitoring suggests that: (1) the size, frequency and intensity of fires still needs to be reduced – in particular fire frequency; current research indicates this would have the added benefit of reducing the impacts of feral cats, which are more efficient hunters in more open habitats; (2) the impacts of large feral herbivores still need to be reduced; and (3) better monitoring of weed management actions is required so that efforts can be evaluated. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 2. CONTEXT AND APPROACH ............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 3.1 LANDSCAPE OUTCOMES ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Biodiversity indicators – at a glance ................................................................................................................................................................... 6 3.1.1 Rainforest patch extent and condition ................................................................................................................................. 7 3.1.2 Mammal diversity and abundance ......................................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.3 Vegetation and habitat condition ........................................................................................................................................ 12 3.1.4 Rainfall trends ............................................................................................................................................................................... 17 3.2 MANAGEMENT ACTION EFFECTIVENESS ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Management of fire, feral animals and weeds – at a glance ................................................................................................................. 18 3.2.1 Managing inappropriate fire regimes ................................................................................................................................. 19 3.2.2 Managing the impacts of invasive animals ...................................................................................................................... 26 3.2.3 Managing the impacts of invasive plants .......................................................................................................................... 32 3.3 IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................................................................. 36 3.3.1 LANDSCAPE OUTCOMES ........................................................................................................................................................
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