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Vice-President Stevenson and the Politics of Accommodation

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Vice-President Stevenson and the Politics of Accommodation Journal of Political Science Volume 7 Number 1 (Fall) Article 3 November 1979 Vice-President Stevenson and the Politics of Accommodation Leonard Schlup Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Schlup, Leonard (1979) "Vice-President Stevenson and the Politics of Accommodation," Journal of Political Science: Vol. 7 : No. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://digitalcommons.coastal.edu/jops/vol7/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Politics at CCU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Political Science by an authorized editor of CCU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Vice-President Stevens on and the Politics of Accommodatio n LEONARD SCHLUP Texas Women's University Adlai Ewing Steve nson of Bloomington , Illinoi s (1835-1914 ), Vice­ Pr esident of the United States from 1893 to 1897, has been largely ignor ed by politi cal scientists and pra ctically forgotten by the American people. Although he has bee n relegated basically to a footnote in American governm ent , he wa quite promin ent politically in his tim e, including two terms in the nationa l Hous e of Repr ese ntativ es, four years as First Assistant Postmast er General, and an unsuccessful try as a gubernatorial candid ate in 1908. Steve nson most certainly deserves better treatment than that which he has received in the past , especially since his grandson later achieved national recognition as a pr esidential candidate and statesman. 1 In their attempts to concentrate their attention on other personalities of the period , such as Grover Cleveland and William Jennin gs Bryan , politica l scientists have neglected to observe the most outstanding chara cteristi c of Stevenson 's politi cal behavior. This was his ability to serve as a mollifying force within the D emocrati c Party. As a politi cal moderate, he did not an­ tagonize eith er the Cleveland or Bryan factions and was accepted as a com­ promis e candidate. Th e Vice-President was a coalition Democrat who pr eached the politi cs of accommodation to others and followed that pra ctice in his career. He sought harmon y in an era of vitup eration and pro fessional partisanship , offered soothing medicine to heal party wounds , and did not indulg e in perso nal hatr eds or rancorou s partisan behavior. 2 Holding his opponents in respect, Steve nson , a gentleman of the old school of politics , report edly neve r mad e a personal enemy out of a politi cal adversary. Moreove r, his position in Illinois as an independent removed from boss politics further strength ened his national role in working for party pacifica­ tion . Stevenson was a party regular rigidly devoted to Democr atic prin ciples. 1 Adlai E . Stevenson , patriarch of a promin ent family and founder of a political dynasty , was the grandfa ther of Adlai E. Stevenson II (1900-1965), the lat Ambassador to the United ations, and the grea t-grand father of Adlai E. Steve nson III , United States Sena tor from Illin ois. 2 For examples of Stevenson 's attempts to seek harmony and heal par ty wounds, see Adlai E. Stevenson to William Freeman Vilas, May 6, 1892, William Freeman Vilas Papers , Th e State Historical Society of Wisconsin , Madison : Stevenson to Carte r H. Harrison I, July 13, 1892, Carter Henry Harr ison II Papers, The Newberry Library , Chicago; Steve nson to Grover Cleve­ land, September 6, 1892, Grover Cleve land Papers, Division of Manuscripts, Th e Library of Congress; Stevenson to William Jennings Bryan, July 24, 1900, William Jenn ings Bryan Papers, Division of Manuscripts , The Library of Congress; and Stevenson to Henry G. Davis, July 10, 1904, Henry Gassaway Davi Papers, West Virginia Univers ity Library , Morgantown . 30 VICE-PRESIDENT STEVENSON 31 Always a faithful follower of his party rath er than a maverick who charted his own course , he could man euver as the party and tim es demanded . Free from the inflexible positions ofleadership into which Cleveland and Bryan pushed themselves, Stev enson pursu ed a different course that was far more satisfac­ tory to his personal tast es. In this way, the Bloomington politician , emerging on the right side at the right tim e, became the Democratic Talleyrand of the age and a political rarity. Nominated for Vice-Presid ent in 1892 as a "liberal" to run on a ticket headed by a "conservative ," he was renominated in 1900 as a "conserva tive" to balanc e a slate led by a "liberal." Th e Democrats changed leaders but kept Stev enson . Unfortunately for the Vice-President , his survival ratio was not high enough to capture the pr esidential nomination. By attempt­ ing to please eve ryon e and remaining too vague on certain controversial issues, he appeared to be a straddler and ended up in 1896 satisfying nobody at the national convention. Helpl essly caught in the mire betwe en party loyalty and personal survival , Stevenson became an unwilling victim of his own political practic e. 3 Stevenson's pursuit of the politics of accommodation characterized his four years in office as Vice-President. His role as presiding officer of the United States Senate afforded him an opportunity to broad en his base of support in the party for the futur e. Having includ ed in his rul es for politics a det ermina­ tion to exercise pati ence and a desire to be courteous and conciliatory, he procee ded to exercise his official duti es in this same spirit. The Vice-President end eared himself to the senators with his pleasant personality, impartiality , and und erstanding manner. He was never intoler- ant of th e views of others , and this fairness gained him the resp ect of all factions in the upp er chamber. Senator Shelby M. Cullom , a Republican from ,--­ Illinois , once commented: "Adlai E. Steve nson became much belov ed by the Senate. H e also fell in love with the body. Hence he left us with ben edic­ tions. "4 Mor eove r, because senators rar ely like to submit to intimidation or any vigorous exercise of power on the part of the pr esiding officer, they found in Stevenson's handling of Senat e busin ess an acceptab le mode of behavior . In discussing the conduct of Vice-Pr esidents Levi P. Morton and Steve nson , Senator George F . Hoar of Massachusetts , a Republican , contended that these two leaders asserted their authority "with as littl e show of force as if they were pr esiding over a company of guests at their own tabl e. But th e order and dignity of the body have bee n pres erved. "5 3 See Stevenson to John W. Daniel, August 3, 1896, John Warwick Daniel Papers , Duk e University Librruy , Durh am, North Cru·olina. 4 Quoted in Lou is Clint on Hatch and Earl L. Shoup, A Histor y of the Vice-Presidency of the United States (2d ed.; New York: Th e American Historical Society , Inc., 1934), p. 79. Also, Shelby M. Cullom , Fifty Yea,·s of Public Sen;ice (2d eel.; Chicago : A. C. McClurg and Company , 1911), p. 261. 5 George F. Hoar, Autobiograpny of Seventy Years (2 vols. ; New York: Charl es Scribner's Sons, 1903), II , pp. 67-68. 32 JOURNAL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE Anoth er reason why Steve nson became a popular Pr esident of the Senat e was that he cherished a deep respect for the rul es of that body and harbor ed no desir e to see them changed. To him , the Senat e was enduring , well­ organized , and "the continuing body of our national legislatur e. "6 H e vigor­ ously oppos ed all movements dir ected toward clotur e. In this resp ect, those senators who advocated unlimited discussion and the unr esh·icted right of amendment found in Stev enson a worthy ally. Stevenson's popularity with the senators was furth er enhanc ed by his sense of humor that prevailed so often at the many formal and informal gatherings. Here Stevenson employed, to a highly successful degree, a political h·ait that could be called the pow er of the anecdote. His humorous remarks on these occasions gained for him a reputation in Washington society and helped to bridge gaps betwe en political oppon ents , at least for the duration of the dinner. This characteristic of Stevenson 's social life did not go unnotic ed by other politicians. William L. Wilson , the Postmast er General during the latt er period of Cleve land's second administration, record ed in his diary on January 14, 1896 that at a particular gathering "when smoking began the Vice­ Presid ent entertained us with several very amusing anecdotes. "7 A year later Wilson again mention ed Stevenson 's humor when he wrote: "Some good stories wer e told over the cigars , especially by Stev enson , who seems to have an exhaustless repertoire and is an excellent raconteur. "8 Wilson 's view was shared by other s. Andrew Dickson Whit e, a diplomat , politician , and professor, first met the Illinois D emocrat at a social eve nt in New York and next saw him at a dinn er given by the Secretary of War , Daniel S. Lamont . White found the Vice-Pr esident to be "one of the most admirable raconteurs" he had ever met. 9 Champ Clark , the Democratic wheel hors e from Missouri , recognized these same qualities in Stevenson.
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