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Health Care Practices Among the Oraons of Bamangola Block in Malda District: a Study of Continuity and Change

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Health Care Practices Among the Oraons of Bamangola Block in Malda District: a Study of Continuity and Change HEALTH CARE PRACTICES AMONG THE ORAONS OF BAMANGOLA BLOCK IN MALDA DISTRICT: A STUDY OF CONTINUITY AND CHANGE A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE IN DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ARTS Submitted by- JOHN BREAKMAS TIRKEY Under the Supervision of Prof. Ranjit Kumar Bhadra Department of Sociology University of North Bengal Raja Rammohunpur Dist. Darjeeling. 2009 1lL 30b· L161 095414 I S97~ 1JOi~ll 'I UNIVERSITY OF NORTH BENGAL DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY P.O,,NORTH BENGAL UNIVERSITY, DIST. DARJEEUNG, WEST BENGAL, INDIA, PIN -734430. · , PHON~: (91-0353) 2582 115. FAX: {91-0353) 2581 546. =========~=~==-~~ "[No............................................. Dated................ ................... :!Uf:. Date: 12,11.2009 TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN This is to certify that Sri John Breakmas Tirkey has completed wr'iting of his. thesis on "Health Care .Practices among the Oraons of Bamangola Blod;~''Ma.fd~ District: A study .C::continuity and Change". This is based on an intensive field work among the tribes of Maida. As a researcher, he is found to be fully cbmmitied i:o a·chieve hi:S goal. The thesis may be placed before the examiners for adjudication. ~f~_r,tJJ----. (Professor R.K. Bhadra) Supervisc•r 0 ' C])ecficatea to my Late CBe(ovea parents Poficarp el :Monica rrirR.§y ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This is the outcome for research, for my Doctoral Degree, on the health care practices on the Oraon tribal community, inhabiting in Bamangola Block, in the District Maida, West Bengal. At the very outset, I express my sincere and deep gratitude to my guide, Prof. Ranjit Kumar Bhadra, Department of Sociology, University of North Bengal, for his scholarly and inspiring guidance all through my research work. Despite of his very busy schedule, he not only de{<oted 'time for my work, but also given constant encouragement, valuable advice and inspiration at various stages of this research. I am also thankful to all my teachers and the ~_members, namely Prof. RajatS. Mukhapadhya, Dr. Sanjay Roy, Reader, Dr. (Mrs.) i Saswati~Biswas, Reader, Dr. (Mrs) Mita Bhadra, Reader, of the Department of Sociology, University of North Bengal for their encouragement. I am specially grateful to Dr. (Mrs.) Mita Bhadra, Reader, for her constant inspirations and encouragement for completion of my research. I also render my sincere thanks and gratitude to my Principal, Dr. Atin Bhattacharya, Pakuahat Degree College, Maida, for his support and encouragement and allowing me to do my research work. I am also very thankful to all my colleagues, of different disciplines, Pakuahat Degree College, for their support. I am specially thankful to the President, Sri Jibendra Nath Bagchi., Governing Body Pakuahat Degree College. My specially thanks to Sri Sailen Sarkar, former President, Governing Body, Pakuahat Degree College, for allowing me to carry out this research. I am also thankful to all the members of the Governing Body, Pakuahat Degree College. I extent my gratitude to the Director, Anthropological Survey of India, Kolkata for giving me permission to use ASI library. My sincere thanks to all the library staff of the ASI, Kolkata, who provided me with valuable study material for my work. I am thankful to to the staff of the central library University of North Bengal for their co-operation and help in making available study materials for my research work. My whole hearted thanks to my ex-student and assistant, Sri Paritosh Bhowmik for helping me all through the field work. I also extend thanks to Dipak Ekka, Telesphore Toppo and Pujanjali Sarkar for rendering help in various ways in connection with this research. I also render thanks to Sri Gouranga Mandai, Clerk, Pakuahat Degree Coilege, for doing the' entire compilation of the thesis in the computer. I extend my thanks to the B.M.H.O., Bamangola Block, for proving information regarding infrastructure facilities in the hospital and other information regarding health issues of the area. I am also thankful to ail the Panchayat Members of the viiiages for their co-operation and help during my field work. My thanks and gratitude to ail the members of the Orion community. I always remember them with gratitude, their hospitality and co-operation extended to me during my field work, with out which it would have been impossible to complete my research. I am very indebted to them ail. I am also speciaily thankful to my friend Mr. Livinus Kujur and Mrs. Margaret Kujur, Bidhanpaily, Shibmandir, for providing comfortable accommodation when ever, I went to the University ofNorth Bengal for my research work. I am also reaily thankful to ail my family members, speciaily my wife Dipali and my daughter Micheile for their whole hearted help, co-operation and support who made a lot of sacrifices ail through the.tesearch work. flj __ /)~ 11:-lou (s;ir;~~n Breakmas Tirkey;-"'-7 Sr. Lecturer in Sociology, Pakuahat Degree Coilege CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Page CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION 1-27 - Statement of problems 2-3 - Relevant of study 3-4 - Review of literature 4-21 - Objectives 21-24 - Methodology 24-27 CHAPTER-2 LAND AND THE PEOPLE 28-33 - The Region 28 - Physical Features 29 - Locale of study . 30 - Climate 30-31 - Economy 31-32 - Infrastructural Facilities 32-33 - THEORAONS 34-50 - Demographic Profile 34-50 - ETHNIC PROFILE 50-53 - Physical Features 53 - Linguistic affinity 53 - Occupation 53-54 - Religious Life of Oraons 54 - Marriage 55 - Disposal of the dead 55 - Festivals of Oraons 55-56 - Social Organization 56-57 - Bili;chelor Dormitory 57 - RELIGION AND FESTIVALS 58-71 - Religion 58-63 - Evil Spirit 63-64 - Festivals 64-71 - THE VILLAGE PROFILE 72-76 - DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF THE VILLAGE 77-90 CHAPTER-3 CONCEPT OF DISEASE AND METHODS OF TREATMENT 91-102 - Health and Hygiene 91-100 - Nutrition and Dietary Habits 100-102 - CONCEPT OF DISEASE I ILLNESS 102-115 - Natural causes of disease 104-106 - Super natural causes of Disease 106-108 - Concept of Evil Sprit 108-109 - Evil Eyes and Disease causation 110-112 - Witchcraft and Sorcery 112- 115 - METHOD OF TREATMENT 115-130 CHAPTER-4 HEALTH CARE PRACTICES 131-178 - Rural Health Facilities at Bamangola Rural Hospital 137-144 - Awareness of Health Services I Facilities in Rural Hospital 144-145 - Doctor-Patient Relationship 145-146 - Perception of Modern Diagnosis and Medicine 146-149 - Coexistence of Traditional and Modern Medicine 150-152 - Mother - Child Health Care 152-166 - Health Care Practices Continuity and Change 167-178 CHAPTER-S CONCLUSION 179-190 - References 191-200 - Appendix 201-206 CORRIGENDUM 1· Corrigendum (Typing error/ omission) 207 2. Corrigendum (Reference) 3. Corrigendum (Appendix) 208-209 4. Supplementary Photographs 210-215 2 16-220 LIST OF TABLES i I. Distribution of Oraon population in different states oflndia. P-34 2. District wise rural- urban distribution ofumOn population in West Bengal. P- 37 & 38 3. Total Oraon population having '0raon Klur_u!ch as main language in west Bengal. P-39 4. Total Oraon population speaking oraon I Kllriilili. in West Bengal. P-40 5. Distribution of Scheduled Tribe population in Maida district (PS wise). P- 42 6. Major Scheduled Tribe population and decadal growth. P-43 7. Literacy status ofOraon population ofMalda district, Census 1971( PS wise). P- 44 8. Educational standards of all Scheduled Tribe and Oraon population in Maida district. P- 45 ~ 9. Distribution of Sis and Oraon population inMal~a district by occupation (Sex wise). P-47 10. Distribution ofOraon population in two categories ofvillages. P-77 11. Distribution of total population in two categories of villages by age group and sex. P-78 12. Literacy stranis of the population in two sets of villages by age group and sex. P-79 13DJstribution of Educational Level of Population m two sets ofvillag~ by Age group and Sex P:8: 14. Distribution of households by the pattern of land holdings in two sets of villages. P-83 15. Occupations of the population in two sets ofvillages by sex. P-84 16. Distributions of households by annual family income (mRs.). P-86 17. Distribution Family structure. P-87 18. Distribution of family size. P-88 19. Distribution of marital status of the population by age group and sex. P-89 20. Distribution ofhouseholds by religion. P-90 21. Distribution ofhousehold by composition of rooms, windows, provision for sanitary latrine, source of drinking water and location of .Kitchen. P-92 22. Distribution of population by habits of smoking, , consumption of alcohol and chewing tobacco. P- 99 23. Distribution of respondents by frequency of consumption of diet-meat, fish and mille P- 101 24. Respondent's belief in causes /perception of disease/illness held in two sets of Villages. P-105 25. Respondents' beliefs in causes of diseases I illness by evil spirits. P-109 26. Distribution of respondents belief in causes of diseases I illness by evil eyes and method of treatment. P-110 27. Belief of respondents in witchcraft causing illness I Disease. P-113 28. Belief of respondents in causes of illness/disease by evil spirit and adoption of of method of treatment. P-121 29. Method of treatments used/ preferred by respondents of two sets of villages for broken I fractured bones. P-123 30. Faith I preference of the respondents on the methods of treatments in two groups of villages for snake bite. P-125 ~ 31. Faith I preference of the respondents in methods of treatments for dog bite in two groups ofvillages, P-126 32. Treatment us~ 'I preferred by respondents for cut and wounds. P-128 33. Responses of the respondents regarding adoption of first contact for treatment of disease I illness. P-133 34. Methods of treatment used at first appearance I symptoms of disease/ illness believed to be caused by natural causes.
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