Konstanty Laszczka – Rzeźbiarz I Ceramik

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Konstanty Laszczka – Rzeźbiarz I Ceramik N A U K A Konstanty Laszczka – rzeźbiarz i ceramik MGR KAROLINA WOLSKA UNIWERSYTET KARDYNA áA STEFANA WYSZY ļSKIEGO Konstanty Laszczka znany najbardziej jako rze Ŭbiarz, doceniony jako wybitny Karolina Wolska nauczyciel pokolenia polskich rze Ŭbiarzy, a jednocze Œnie ceramik z zami âowania Doktorantka na Wydziale Nauk i autor podr Ęczników dla artystów ceramików. Jego rze Ŭby s ĉ uduchowione, Historycznych i Spo âecznych a ceramik charakteryzuj fantazyjne formy nierzadko zaczerpni te ze wiata Uniwersytetu Kardyna âa Ste- Ę ĉ Ę Œ fana Wyszy Ľskiego w Warsza- zwierz ĉt i ba Œni. Artysta pozostawi â po sobie du Ůy dorobek artystyczny. wie, pracuje nad monogra Þ cz- Lubi â eksperymentowa ý z form ĉ i materia âem. Podejmowa â wyzwania nĉ rozpraw ĉ doktorsk ĉ po- Œwi Ęcon ĉ twórczo Œci Karola i z zainteresowaniem zg âĘ bia â nowe dziedziny. Tichego; cz âonek Stowarzy- szenia Historyków Sztuki. [email protected] Ceramik Ę i rze ŬbĘ âĉ czy materia â – glina, a w twórczo Œci Konstantego Pracownia Laszczki p âynnie wspó âgraj ĉ ze sob ĉ te dwie sztuki. Warto zauwa Ůyý, STRESZCZENIE Ůe artysta zajmowa â si Ę równie Ů malarstwem, gra Þ k ĉ, a nawet poezj ĉ. artystyczno- Konstanty Laszczka zas âyn ĉâ jako rze Ŭbiarz, -ceramiczna to ale uznanie zyska â dzi Ęki ceramice. W dzie- Dzieci Ľstwo i edukacja ci Ľstwie lubi â rze Ŭbi ý, a jego rze Ŭby spodo- rodzaj Œwi ĉtyni, Historia Ůycia artysty jest zaskakuj ĉca, a wr Ęcz Þ lmowa. Urodzi â si Ę ba ây si Ę Ůonie miejscowego dziedzica Jana Ostrowskiego, dzi ki czemu artysta trafi w której powstawa ý 3 wrze Œnia 1865 r. w wielodzietnej, rolniczej rodzinie w Makowcu Ę â do Warszawy, gdzie rozpocz ĉâ nauk Ę rze Ŭby. mog ĉ wielkie Du Ůym na Mazowszu. Ucz Ęszcza â do oddalonej o kilka kilome- Nast Ępnie wyjecha â na stypendium do Pary Ůa. trów szko ây elementarnej w miejscowo Œci Dobre. Po szkole poma- W 1899 r. na zaproszenie Juliana Fa âata osiad â i trwa âe dzie âa ga â rodzicom na roli, a w wolnych chwilach lubi â rze Ŭbi ý w drewnie w Krakowie, gdzie zosta â profesorem Akademii Konstanty Laszczka Sztuk Pi Ęknych. Rze Ŭbi â g âównie postaci znane Þ gurki zwierz ĉt lub mieszka Ľców wioski. Lepi â te Ů z gliny, z której mu z Ůycia codziennego, ale te Ů mitologiczne tworzy â podobizny oraz karykatury nauczycieli i kolegów ze szko ây. i religijne, popiersia i karykatury. Ukazywa â W takich okoliczno Œciach âatwiej zosta ý artyst ĉ ludowym ni Ů zna- cz âowieka podczas pracy na roli, zabawy wiej- nym rze Ŭbiarzem. Konstanty mia â jednak wyj ĉtkowe szcz ĘŒ cie, gdy Ů skich dzieci, wiejskie sceny rodzajowe oraz fan- tworzone przez niego rze by spodoba y si onie miejscowego dzie- tastyczne zwierz Ęta. Zmar â w 1956 r. W miej- Ŭ â Ę Ů scowo Œci Dobre jest szko âa imienia artysty oraz dzica – Jana Ostrowskiego. W âaŒciciel wsi zainteresowa â si Ę zdol- muzeum prezentuj ĉce jego twórczo Œý . no Œciami m âodego artysty i zabra â go do warszawskiego rze Ŭbiarza Jana Kry Ľskiego, który zosta â pierwszym nauczycielem Konstantego SUMMARY Laszczki, w roku 1885. Konstanty Laszczka – sculptor and ceramist Kry Ľski odby â klasyczne, artystyczne studia w Petersburgu Konstanty Laszczka was most famous as i Rzymie. W Warszawie prowadzi â warsztat rze Ŭbiarski i odlewniczy. a sculptor, but he was also concerned, but Tworzy â g âównie w nurcie klasycystycznym: rze Ŭby konne, portrety Þ rst of all ceramics, which made him famous. As a child he liked to carve. His works were i nagrobki. Co ciekawe, Jan Kry Ľski przyczyni â si Ę do wprowadze- appreciated by wife of Jan Ostrowski, local tel- nia sztuki do przemys âu przez dostarczanie odlewów na potrzeby lurian. She helped young Konstanty to make Zak âadów Norblina. W pracowni Kry Ľskiego, Konstanty Laszczka zaj- a move to Warsaw, where he began sculpture mowa â si Ę g âównie kopiowaniem antycznych rze Ŭb, co nie pozwala âo studies. In 1899 at the invitation of painter Julian Fa at, Laszczka settled in Kraków where SáOWA KLUCZOWE â na rozwój jego talentu. Po Œmierci nauczyciela w 1890 r. Konstanty he became the professor at the Academy of rze Ŭba, ceramika, manufaktura w Skawinie, kontynuowa â nauk Ę u Ludwika Pyrowicza, który by â uczniem Klasy Fine Arts. Most of his works were inspired mosty by personalities observed In his every- fabryka w D Ębnikach, Rysunkowej Wojciecha Gersona (Puciata-Paw âowska, 1980). Muzeum Konstantego day life, but also by mythological and religious Laszczki w Dobrem busts and caricatures. In ceramic works of Twórczo Œý – rze Ŭba artist there are noticeable topics referring to Pierwsze rze Ŭby Laszczki to realistycznie przedstawione postaci spo- his childhood showing a man while working in KEYWORDS tykane w Ůyciu codziennym. Artysta potra Þ â ukaza ý charakter przed- the Þ elds, children playing rural, rural scenes and fantastic animals. He died in 1956. In sculpture, ceramics, stawionych osób. W tym okresie tworzy â te Ů p âaskorze Ŭbione por- workshop in Skawina, small town Dobre the school was named by trety bohaterów narodowych, a nied âugo pó Ŭniej zdoby â pierwsz ĉ the name of Konstanty Laszczka and the mu- factory in D Ębniki, Museum of Konstanty nagrod Ę w konkursie og âoszonym przez warszawskie Towarzystwo seum of his works was founded there. Laszczka in Dobre Zach Ęty Sztuk Pi Ęknych i dzi Ęki uzyskanemu stypendium wyjecha â 16 Szk âo i Ceramika ISSN 0039-8144 N A U K A Fot. 1. Waza z amorkami i widoczn ĉ sygnatur ĉ artysty, Fot. 2. Waza z wodnikiem i nimf ĉ tul ĉcĉ dziecko, Fot. 3. Diabe â, ceramika, 1928, ceramika, Muzeum w Dobrem Muzeum w Dobrem Muzeum w Dobrem na studia do Pary Ůa. W artystycznej stolicy Europy kszta âci â si Ę w pry- indywidualnego stylu. Wykszta âci â wielu znakomitych polskich rze Ŭ- watnej szkole: Academia Julian, u prof. Antoniego Mercie. Tu ze- biarzy, takich jak np. Jan Rembowski, Henryk Hochman, Henryk tkn ĉâ si Ę po raz pierwszy z prac ĉ z Ůywymi modelami, co by âo wów- Kuna, W âadys âaw Pelczarski, Jan Szczepkowski, Xawery Dunikowski, czas jeszcze rzadko Œci ĉ. Nadal kszta âcenie artystyczne opiera âo Marian Konieczny, Boles âaw Biegas itp. SSP kszta âtowa âa si Ę wów- si Ę g âównie na studiowaniu i kopiowaniu odlewów. Op âata za stu- czas na fali ogólnoeuropejskich przemian w dziedzinie pojmowa- dia przewy Ůsza âa jednak stypendium m âodego rze Ŭbiarza, co wp ây- nia sztuki zapocz ĉtkowanych przez rewolucj Ę przemys âow ĉ w Anglii nĘâ o na decyzj Ę o zmianie uczelni. W pa Ľstwowej szkole zwanej w po âowie XIX w. Idee Johna Ruskina i Williama Morrisa na gruncie École Nationalite et Spéciale des Beaux Arts Konstanty Laszczka polskim rozs âawi â poemat Cypriana Kamila Norwida Promethidion . doskonali â swój warsztat w pracowni prof. Alexandra Faguiere’a Napisany w roku pierwszej Œwiatowej wystawy (1851 r.) poemat pro- (Puciata-Paw âowska, 1980). W tym czasie Juliusz Czechowicz, cz âo- paguje my Œl o równo Œci wszystkich sztuk. W epilogu Norwid podkre- nek Towarzystwa Zach Ęty Sztuk Pi Ęknych czuwa â nad losem stypen- Œla potrzeb Ę obcowania z pi Ęknem na co dzie Ľ, tak Ůe za pomoc ĉ dysty. Zachowa ây si Ę jego listy z poradami oraz s âowami wsparcia. przedmiotów codziennego u Ůytku: Rozdzielenie ekspozycji publicz- Tak Ůe Czechowicz zajmowa â si Ę sprzeda Ůĉ rze Ŭb Laszczki na tere- nych na ekspozycje, czyli wystawy, sztuk pi Ęknych i rzemios â albo nie Polski. Cz Ęsto nawet pokrywa â koszty transportu dzie â z Francji. przemys âu jest najdoskonalszym dowodem, o ile sztuka dzi Œ swej Wspomniane listy pochodz ĉ z pocz ĉtku lat 90. XIX w. i ju Ů mo Ůna powinno Œci nie wype ânia. Wystawa powinna by ý, przeciwnie, tak odnale Ŭý w nich liczne wzmianki o sukcesach artysty na rodzimej urz ĉdzona, a Ůeby od statuy pi Ęknej do urny grobowej, do talerza, ziemi. Czechowicz przesy âaâ Laszczce pozytywne recenzje z czaso- do szklanki pi Ęknej, do kosza uplecionego pi Ęknie, ca âa cyrkula- pism oraz propozycje udzia âu w konkursach artystycznych. Opiekun cja idei pi Ękna w czasie danym uwidomion ĉ by âa. ŭeby od gobe- stara â si Ę o kolejne stypendia umo Ůliwiaj ĉce kontynuowanie studiów. linu, przedstawiaj ĉcego Rafaelowski p Ęzel jedwabn ĉ tkanin ĉ, do Po uzyskaniu pozytywnej opinii od prof. Falguiere’a Konstanty po- najprostszego p âócienka, ca âa gama idei pi Ęknego rozlewaj ĉca si Ę dejmuje w Komitecie Zach Ęty starania o kontynuacj Ę stypendium. w pracy uwidomion ĉ by âa – wtedy wystawy b Ędĉ u Ůytecznie i spra- W sierpniu 1895 r. dostaje list od swojego opiekuna z wa Ůnĉ infor- wiedliwie na uszanowanie i ocenienie pracy wp âywa ý. Dzi Œ jest to macj ĉ: Stypendium przyznane w dawniejszych rozmiarach 1. rozdzia â duszy z cia âem, czyli Œmier ý!... 3 Laszczka powróci â do Warszawy w 1896 r. jako artysta ukszta â- Konstanty Laszczka piastowa â stanowisko kierownika Katedry towany i uznany. Otrzyma â posad Ę nauczyciela rysunku na pensji Rze Ŭby przez 35 lat, wytyczaj ĉc nowe kierunki polskiej rze Ŭby. Anieli Hoene-Wro Ľskiej i w szkole Edwarda Aleksandra Ronthalera. Popiera â rozwój sztuki u Ůytkowej, zwanej te Ů stosowan ĉ. Na W 1897 r. wspólnie z innymi artystami powo âaâ Towarzystwo Akademii Sztuk Pi Ęknych w Krakowie stworzy â kurs ceramiki, dzi Ęki Artystów Polskich Sztuka, co umo Ůliwi âo udzia â w kolejnych mi Ę- któremu studenci mogli zarabia ý, sprzedaj ĉc wykonywan ĉ na za- dzynarodowych wystawach w takich miejscach jak: Wiede Ľ, Pary Ů, mówienie ceramik Ę u Ůytkow ĉ.
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