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Sustainable Wastewater Infrastructure SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTURE (111–5) HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT OF THE COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION FEBRUARY 4, 2009 Printed for the use of the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure ( U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 47–258 PDF WASHINGTON : 2009 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE JAMES L. OBERSTAR, Minnesota, Chairman NICK J. RAHALL, II, West Virginia, Vice JOHN L. MICA, Florida Chair DON YOUNG, Alaska PETER A. DEFAZIO, Oregon THOMAS E. PETRI, Wisconsin JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois HOWARD COBLE, North Carolina ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee Columbia VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan JERROLD NADLER, New York FRANK A. LOBIONDO, New Jersey CORRINE BROWN, Florida JERRY MORAN, Kansas BOB FILNER, California GARY G. MILLER, California EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas HENRY E. BROWN, JR., South Carolina GENE TAYLOR, Mississippi TIMOTHY V. JOHNSON, Illinois ELIJAH E. CUMMINGS, Maryland TODD RUSSELL PLATTS, Pennsylvania ELLEN O. TAUSCHER, California SAM GRAVES, Missouri LEONARD L. BOSWELL, Iowa BILL SHUSTER, Pennsylvania TIM HOLDEN, Pennsylvania JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas BRIAN BAIRD, Washington SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia RICK LARSEN, Washington JIM GERLACH, Pennsylvania MICHAEL E. CAPUANO, Massachusetts MARIO DIAZ-BALART, Florida TIMOTHY H. BISHOP, New York CHARLES W. DENT, Pennsylvania MICHAEL H. MICHAUD, Maine CONNIE MACK, Florida RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri LYNN A WESTMORELAND, Georgia GRACE F. NAPOLITANO, California JEAN SCHMIDT, Ohio DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan MAZIE K. HIRONO, Hawaii MARY FALLIN, Oklahoma JASON ALTMIRE, Pennsylvania VERN BUCHANAN, Florida TIMOTHY J. WALZ, Minnesota ROBERT E. LATTA, Ohio HEATH SHULER, North Carolina BRETT GUTHRIE, Kentucky MICHAEL A. ARCURI, New York ANH ‘‘JOSEPH’’ CAO, Louisiana HARRY E. MITCHELL, Arizona AARON SCHOCK, Illinois CHRISTOPHER P. CARNEY, Pennsylvania PETE OLSON, Texas JOHN J. HALL, New York STEVE KAGEN, Wisconsin STEVE COHEN, Tennessee LAURA A. RICHARDSON, California ALBIO SIRES, New Jersey DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland SOLOMON P. ORTIZ, Texas PHIL HARE, Illinois JOHN A. BOCCIERI, Ohio MARK H. SCHAUER, Michigan BETSY MARKEY, Colorado PARKER GRIFFITH, Alabama MICHAEL E. MCMAHON, New York THOMAS S. P. PERRIELLO, Virginia DINA TITUS, Nevada HARRY TEAGUE, New Mexico (II) VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON SUBCOMMITTEE ON WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas, Chairwoman THOMAS S. P. PERRIELLO, Virginia JOHN BOOZMAN, Arkansas JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois DON YOUNG, Alaska GENE TAYLOR, Mississippi JOHN J. DUNCAN, JR., Tennessee ELLEN O. TAUSCHER, California VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan BRIAN BAIRD, Washington FRANK A. LOBIONDO, New Jersey TIMOTHY H. BISHOP, New York GARY G. MILLER, California RUSS CARNAHAN, Missouri HENRY E. BROWN, JR., South Carolina STEVE KAGEN, Wisconsin TODD RUSSELL PLATTS, Pennsylvania DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland BILL SHUSTER, Pennsylvania SOLOMON P. ORTIZ, Texas MARIO DIAZ-BALART, Florida PHIL HARE, Illinois CONNIE MACK, Florida DINA TITUS, Nevada LYNN A WESTMORELAND, Georgia HARRY TEAGUE, New Mexico CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of ROBERT E. LATTA, Ohio Columbia ANH ‘‘JOSEPH’’ CAO, Louisiana MICHAEL E. CAPUANO, Massachusetts PETE OLSON, Texas GRACE F. NAPOLITANO, California MAZIE K. HIRONO, Hawaii HARRY E. MITCHELL, Arizaon JOHN J. HALL, New York PARKER GRIFFITH, Alabama BOB FILNER, California CORRINE BROWN, Florida JAMES L. OBERSTAR, Minnesota (Ex Officio) (III) VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON CONTENTS Page Summary of Subject Matter .................................................................................... vi TESTIMONY Brown, Jeanette A., P.E., BCEE, D.WRE, Executive Director, Stamford Water Pollution Control Authority ................................................................................. 8 Brown, Rich, Environmental Scientist, Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ........................................... 8 Fahlund, Andrew, Vice President for Conservation, American Rivers ............... 8 Mclean, Brian, Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, accompanied by Caterina Hatcher, National Manager, Energy Star, Public Sector, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ........................................... 8 Mehan, III, G. Tracy, Principal, the Cadmus Group, Inc. .................................... 8 Zelenka, Alan, Consultant, Kennedy/Jenks Consultants ..................................... 8 PREPARED STATEMENT SUBMITTED BY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS Carnahan, Hon. Russ, of Missouri ......................................................................... 45 Costello, Hon. Jerry F., of Illinois .......................................................................... 46 Mitchell, Hon. Harry E., of Arizona ....................................................................... 48 PREPARED STATEMENTS SUBMITTED BY WITNESSES Brown, Jeanette A. .................................................................................................. 49 Brown, Rich .............................................................................................................. 63 Fahlund, Andrew ..................................................................................................... 72 Mclean, Brian ........................................................................................................... 88 Mehan, III, G. Tracy ................................................................................................ 93 Zelenka, Alan ........................................................................................................... 97 ADDITIONS TO THE RECORD Water Environment Research Foundation, Glenn Reinhardt, Executive Direc- tor, written statement .......................................................................................... 107 (V) VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON vi VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6602 Sfmt 6602 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON Insert offset folio 1 here 47258.001 vii VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 6602 Sfmt 6602 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON Insert offset folio 2 here 47258.002 viii VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 6602 Sfmt 6602 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON Insert offset folio 3 here 47258.003 ix VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 6602 Sfmt 6602 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON Insert offset folio 4 here 47258.004 x VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 6602 Sfmt 6602 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON Insert offset folio 5 here 47258.005 xi VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 6602 Sfmt 6602 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON Insert offset folio 6 here 47258.006 xii VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 6602 Sfmt 6602 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON Insert offset folio 7 here 47258.007 xiii VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 6602 Sfmt 6602 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON Insert offset folio 8 here 47258.008 VerDate Aug 31 2005 10:45 Aug 11, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 6602 Sfmt 6602 P:\DOCS\47258 JASON HEARING ON SUSTAINABLE WASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTURE Wednesday, February 4, 2009 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT, Washington, DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 10:00 a.m., in Room 2167, Rayburn House Office Building, the Honorable Eddie Bernice Johnson [Chairwoman of the Subcommittee] presiding. Ms. JOHNSON. I call the Subcommittee to order and welcome ev- eryone to the first meeting of the Subcommittee on Water Re- sources and Environment for the 111th Congress. Today, the Subcommittee meets to explore water-efficient and en- ergy-efficient technologies that can be incorporated into the Na- tion’s system of wastewater infrastructure to improve the overall cost-effectiveness of modern wastewater treatment as well as pro- mote sustainability. However, as this is the first meeting of the Subcommittee this Congress, I believe this is a good opportunity to outline our near- term agenda as well as our efforts to address many of the water resource challenges of the Country. First, let me say how pleased I am to return as the Chairwoman of the Subcommittee on Water Resources and Environment, and I look forward to serving on this Subcommittee with each and every colleague—and before the meeting is over most of them will prob- ably be here—learning of their individual water resource needs and working together to address many of their concerns. I am also very
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