Alternative Green Extraction Methods for Natural Products Dissertation
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Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils
Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils V. I. Babushok,a) P. J. Linstrom, and I. G. Zenkevichb) National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA (Received 1 August 2011; accepted 27 September 2011; published online 29 November 2011) Gas chromatographic retention indices were evaluated for 505 frequently reported plant essential oil components using a large retention index database. Retention data are presented for three types of commonly used stationary phases: dimethyl silicone (nonpolar), dimethyl sili- cone with 5% phenyl groups (slightly polar), and polyethylene glycol (polar) stationary phases. The evaluations are based on the treatment of multiple measurements with the number of data records ranging from about 5 to 800 per compound. Data analysis was limited to temperature programmed conditions. The data reported include the average and median values of retention index with standard deviations and confidence intervals. VC 2011 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi:10.1063/1.3653552] Key words: essential oils; gas chromatography; Kova´ts indices; linear indices; retention indices; identification; flavor; olfaction. CONTENTS 1. Introduction The practical applications of plant essential oils are very 1. Introduction................................ 1 diverse. They are used for the production of food, drugs, per- fumes, aromatherapy, and many other applications.1–4 The 2. Retention Indices ........................... 2 need for identification of essential oil components ranges 3. Retention Data Presentation and Discussion . 2 from product quality control to basic research. The identifi- 4. Summary.................................. 45 cation of unknown compounds remains a complex problem, in spite of great progress made in analytical techniques over 5. -
VITAMIN K1 | C31H46O2 - Pubchem
VITAMIN K1 | C31H46O2 - PubChem https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Phylloquinone#secti... NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine National Center for Biotechnology Information OPEN CHEMISTRY Search Compounds ! DATABASE VITAMIN K1 " Cite this Record # $ % & ' ( STRUCTURE VENDORS DRUG INFO PHARMACOLOGY LITERATURE PATENTS BIOACTIVITIES PubChem CID: 5284607 VITAMIN K1; Phytonadione; Phylloquinone; 84-80-0; Phytylmenadione; Chemical Names: Phyllochinon More... Molecular Formula: C31H46O2 Molecular Weight: 450.707 g/mol InChI Key: MBWXNTAXLNYFJB-NKFFZRIASA-N Drug Indication Therapeutic Uses Clinical Trials FDA Orange Book Drug Information: FDA UNII Safety Summary: Laboratory Chemical Safety Summary (LCSS) VITAMIN K1 is a family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity. " from MeSH Vitamin K is a family of fat-soluble compounds with a common chemical structure based on 2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone " Metabolite Description from Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) PUBCHEM ) COMPOUND ) VITAMIN K1 Modify Date: 2018-01-06; Create Date: 2004-09-16 1 di 57 12/01/18, 11:36 VITAMIN K1 | C31H46O2 - PubChem https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Phylloquinone#secti... * Contents 1 2D Structure 2 3D Conformer 3 Names and Identifiers + 4 Chemical and Physical Properties 5 Related Records 6 Chemical Vendors 7 Drug and Medication Information 8 Pharmacology and Biochemistry 9 Use and Manufacturing 10 Identification 11 Safety and Hazards 12 Toxicity 13 Literature 14 Patents 15 Biomolecular Interactions and Pathways 16 Biological Test Results 17 Classification 18 Information Sources 2 di 57 12/01/18, 11:36 VITAMIN K1 | C31H46O2 - PubChem https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Phylloquinone#secti.. -
Redalyc.Degradation of Citronellol, Citronellal and Citronellyl Acetate By
Electronic Journal of Biotechnology E-ISSN: 0717-3458 [email protected] Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Chile Tozoni, Daniela; Zacaria, Jucimar; Vanderlinde, Regina; Longaray Delamare, Ana Paula; Echeverrigaray, Sergio Degradation of citronellol, citronellal and citronellyl acetate by Pseudomonas mendocina IBPse 105 Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 13, núm. 2, marzo, 2010, pp. 1-7 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=173313806002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Electronic Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 0717-3458 Vol.13 No.2, Issue of March 15, 2010 © 2010 by Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso -- Chile Received April 24, 2009 / Accepted November 6, 2009 DOI: 10.2225/vol13-issue2-fulltext-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Degradation of citronellol, citronellal and citronellyl acetate by Pseudomonas mendocina IBPse 105 Daniela Tozoni Instituto de Biotecnologia Universidade de Caxias do Sul R. Francisco G. Vargas 1130 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil Jucimar Zacaria Instituto de Biotecnologia Universidade de Caxias do Sul R. Francisco G. Vargas 1130 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil Regina Vanderlinde Instituto de Biotecnologia Universidade de Caxias do Sul R. Francisco G. Vargas 1130 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil Ana Paula Longaray Delamare Universidade de Caxias do Sul R. Francisco G. Vargas 1130 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil Sergio Echeverrigaray* Universidade de Caxias do Sul R. Francisco G. Vargas 1130 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Financial support: COREDES/FAPERGS, and D. -
Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting Materials
California Environmental Protection Agency Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Synthetic Turf Study Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019 MEETING MATERIALS THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency Agenda Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019, 9:30 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. 1001 I Street, CalEPA Headquarters Building, Sacramento Byron Sher Auditorium The agenda for this meeting is given below. The order of items on the agenda is provided for general reference only. The order in which items are taken up by the Panel is subject to change. 1. Welcome and Opening Remarks 2. Synthetic Turf and Playground Studies Overview 4. Synthetic Turf Field Exposure Model Exposure Equations Exposure Parameters 3. Non-Targeted Chemical Analysis Volatile Organics on Synthetic Turf Fields Non-Polar Organics Constituents in Crumb Rubber Polar Organic Constituents in Crumb Rubber 5. Public Comments: For members of the public attending in-person: Comments will be limited to three minutes per commenter. For members of the public attending via the internet: Comments may be sent via email to [email protected]. Email comments will be read aloud, up to three minutes each, by staff of OEHHA during the public comment period, as time allows. 6. Further Panel Discussion and Closing Remarks 7. Wrap Up and Adjournment Agenda Synthetic Turf Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency DRAFT for Discussion at May 2019 SAP Meeting. Table of Contents Synthetic Turf and Playground Studies Overview May 2019 Update ..... -
ISOLATION of GERANIOL from RHODINOL by USING PDC REAGENT Nahso3 and Nabh4
The 2nd International Conference on Chemical Sciences Proceeding ISSN NO. 1410-8313 Yogyakarta, October 14-16th, 2010 ISOLATION OF GERANIOL FROM RHODINOL BY USING PDC REAGENT NaHSO3 AND NaBH4 Zaina Mukhia Bintan, Priatmoko1,*), and Hardono Sastrohamidjojo*) 1 Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia * Corresponding author, tel/fax : +62274545188 ABSTRACT Isolation geraniol from the rhodinol have been coducted by using PDC (pyridinium dichromate) reagent, NaHSO3 and NaBH4. The prosses consits of four steps : first step was rhodinol to get the high grade (it are compare between citronella oil from sample A, sample B and sample C, second step was the oxidation of rhodinol by using PDC, third step was separation of citral from citronellol by using sodium bisulfit, and the last step was reduction of citral to geraiol by using NaBH4 in etanol. The higher grade rhodinol was isolated from citronella oil of sample with purity 29.03%. The rhodinol wich used in this research was product of the third fraction redistillation of distillate the second fraction citronella oil, with grade of rhodinol was 90.55%. The oxidation of rhodinol by using PDC, could selectively oxidize geraniol become citral, whereas nothing change with citronellol. The product of oxidation was mixture of citral and citronellol, yellow liquid with fragnance odor, weight : 0.8 g. The geraniol can be obtained from reduction geraniol by using NaBH4 in ethanol. Product of reduction was colourless liquid, with fragnance odor, weight : 0.4 g. The product was analyzed by using GC and infrared spectrometer. Keywords: geraniol, citral, pyridinium dichromate INTRODUCTION Schmidts (1979 have also made the reagent to oxidase alcohol (primary, secondary and so he essential oil is a natural product that on) become the carbonyl compound. -
Vapor Pressures and Vaporization Enthalpies of the N-Alkanes from C31 to C38 at T ) 298.15 K by Correlation Gas Chromatography
BATCH: je3a29 USER: ckt69 DIV: @xyv04/data1/CLS_pj/GRP_je/JOB_i03/DIV_je030236t DATE: March 15, 2004 1 Vapor Pressures and Vaporization Enthalpies of the n-Alkanes from 2 C31 to C38 at T ) 298.15 K by Correlation Gas Chromatography 3 James S. Chickos* and William Hanshaw 4 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of MissourisSt. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA 5 6 The temperature dependence of gas-chromatographic retention times for henitriacontane to octatriacontane 7 is reported. These data are used in combination with other literature values to evaluate the vaporization 8 enthalpies and vapor pressures of these n-alkanes from T ) 298.15 to 575 K. The vapor pressure and 9 vaporization enthalpy results obtained are compared with existing literature data where possible and 10 found to be internally consistent. The vaporization enthalpies and vapor pressures obtained for the 11 n-alkanes are also tested directly and through the use of thermochemical cycles using literature values 12 for several polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Sublimation enthalpies are also calculated for hentriacontane to 13 octatriacontane by combining vaporization enthalpies with temperature adjusted fusion enthalpies. 14 15 Introduction vaporization enthalpies of C21 to C30 to include C31 to C38. 54 The vapor pressures and vaporization enthalpies of these 55 16 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important larger n-alkanes have been evaluated using the technique 56 17 environmental contaminants, many of which exhibit very of correlation gas chromatography. This technique relies 57 18 low vapor pressures. In the gas phase, they exist mainly entirely on the use of standards in assessment. Standards 58 19 sorbed to aerosol particles. -
Measurements of Higher Alkanes Using NO Chemical Ionization in PTR-Tof-MS
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 14123–14138, 2020 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-14123-2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Measurements of higher alkanes using NOC chemical ionization in PTR-ToF-MS: important contributions of higher alkanes to secondary organic aerosols in China Chaomin Wang1,2, Bin Yuan1,2, Caihong Wu1,2, Sihang Wang1,2, Jipeng Qi1,2, Baolin Wang3, Zelong Wang1,2, Weiwei Hu4, Wei Chen4, Chenshuo Ye5, Wenjie Wang5, Yele Sun6, Chen Wang3, Shan Huang1,2, Wei Song4, Xinming Wang4, Suxia Yang1,2, Shenyang Zhang1,2, Wanyun Xu7, Nan Ma1,2, Zhanyi Zhang1,2, Bin Jiang1,2, Hang Su8, Yafang Cheng8, Xuemei Wang1,2, and Min Shao1,2 1Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, 511443 Guangzhou, China 2Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, 511443 Guangzhou, China 3School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 250353 Jinan, China 4State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China 5State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China 6State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese -
Supporting Information for Modeling the Formation and Composition Of
Supporting Information for Modeling the Formation and Composition of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Diesel Exhaust Using Parameterized and Semi-explicit Chemistry and Thermodynamic Models Sailaja Eluri1, Christopher D. Cappa2, Beth Friedman3, Delphine K. Farmer3, and Shantanu H. Jathar1 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 80523 2 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA, 95616 3 Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA, 80523 Correspondence to: Shantanu H. Jathar ([email protected]) Table S1: Mass speciation and kOH for VOC emissions profile #3161 3 -1 - Species Name kOH (cm molecules s Mass Percent (%) 1) (1-methylpropyl) benzene 8.50×10'() 0.023 (2-methylpropyl) benzene 8.71×10'() 0.060 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene 3.27×10'(( 0.056 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 3.25×10'(( 0.246 1,2-diethylbenzene 8.11×10'() 0.042 1,2-propadiene 9.82×10'() 0.218 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene 5.67×10'(( 0.088 1,3-butadiene 6.66×10'(( 0.088 1-butene 3.14×10'(( 0.311 1-methyl-2-ethylbenzene 7.44×10'() 0.065 1-methyl-3-ethylbenzene 1.39×10'(( 0.116 1-pentene 3.14×10'(( 0.148 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 3.34×10'() 0.139 2,2-dimethylbutane 2.23×10'() 0.028 2,3,4-trimethylpentane 6.60×10'() 0.009 2,3-dimethyl-1-butene 5.38×10'(( 0.014 2,3-dimethylhexane 8.55×10'() 0.005 2,3-dimethylpentane 7.14×10'() 0.032 2,4-dimethylhexane 8.55×10'() 0.019 2,4-dimethylpentane 4.77×10'() 0.009 2-methylheptane 8.28×10'() 0.028 2-methylhexane 6.86×10'() -
Vapor Pressures and Vaporization Enthalpies of the N-Alkanes from 2 C21 to C30 at T ) 298.15 K by Correlation Gas Chromatography
BATCH: je1a04 USER: jeh69 DIV: @xyv04/data1/CLS_pj/GRP_je/JOB_i01/DIV_je0301747 DATE: October 17, 2003 1 Vapor Pressures and Vaporization Enthalpies of the n-Alkanes from 2 C21 to C30 at T ) 298.15 K by Correlation Gas Chromatography 3 James S. Chickos* and William Hanshaw 4 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of MissourisSt. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121 5 6 The temperature dependence of gas chromatographic retention times for n-heptadecane to n-triacontane 7 is reported. These data are used to evaluate the vaporization enthalpies of these compounds at T ) 298.15 8 K, and a protocol is described that provides vapor pressures of these n-alkanes from T ) 298.15 to 575 9 K. The vapor pressure and vaporization enthalpy results obtained are compared with existing literature 10 data where possible and found to be internally consistent. Sublimation enthalpies for n-C17 to n-C30 are 11 calculated by combining vaporization enthalpies with fusion enthalpies and are compared when possible 12 to direct measurements. 13 14 Introduction 15 The n-alkanes serve as excellent standards for the 16 measurement of vaporization enthalpies of hydrocarbons.1,2 17 Recently, the vaporization enthalpies of the n-alkanes 18 reported in the literature were examined and experimental 19 values were selected on the basis of how well their 20 vaporization enthalpies correlated with their enthalpies of 21 transfer from solution to the gas phase as measured by gas 22 chromatography.3 A plot of the vaporization enthalpies of 23 the n-alkanes as a function of the number of carbon atoms 24 is given in Figure 1. -
GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 761, Esterified Propoxylated Glycerol
GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 761 https://www.fda.gov/food/generally-recognized-safe-gras/gras-notice-inventory February 20, 2018 Office ofFood Additive Safety HFS-200 Center for foodSafetyand Applied Nutrition food and Drug Administratioo 5001 Campus Drive College Park, MD, 20740 Dear Sir or Madam: Accompanying this letterisa notice pursuantto regulationsofthe Food and Orug Administration found at 21 CFR Part 170 settingforth the basis forthe conclusion reached by the submitter, Choco Finesse, LLC, that esterified propoxylated glycerol (EPG) is generally recognized as safe underthe intended conditions ofuse described in the notice. The notice is contained in a binder. In addition, we include a CD that contains a complete copyofthe notice. I hereby certify thatthe electronicfilescontained onthe flash drivewere scanned forviruses priorto submission, and thuscertified as beingvirus-free using Symantec Endpoint Protection. Sine I,/ .. (b) (6) '---'--------..... David Rowe President Phone: 317-694-3601 Email: drowe@chocofi nesse .com Ft -1 2 2 2018 z., ,..,.. ,. ; FOOD ADDITivE SAFETY GRAS NOTICE FOR ESTERIFIED PROPOXYLATED GLVCEROL {EPG) FOR USE IN SELECT COMMERCIAL FRYING APPLICATIONS Prepared for: Office of Food Additive Safety (HFS-200} Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug Administration 5001 Campus Drive College Park, MD 20740 Prepared by: Choco Finesse, LLC 5019 N. Meridian Street Indianapolis, Indiana 46208 February 20, 2018 rR1~~~~~~[Q) FEB 2 2 2018 OFFICE OF FOOD ADDmVE SAFETY GRAS Notice for Esterified Propoxylated Glycerol (EPG) for Use in Select Commercial Frying Applications TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1. §170.225 Signed Statements and Certification ..................................................................................... 4 1.1 Name and Address of Notifier .................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Common Name of Notified Substance .................................................................................... -
Citronellol Cas No
SUMMARY OF DATA FOR CHEMICAL SELECTION -CITRONELLOL CAS NO. 106-22-9 BASIS OF NOMINATION TO THE CSWG The nomination of citronellol to the CSWG is based on high production volume, widespread human exposure, and an unknown potential for adverse health effects from long-term administration. Citronellol came to the attention of the CSPG because of information supplied by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from a review of “GRAS” substances used as spices and food additives. According to the FDA data, citronellol is found in 17 different spices. It is also a common flavoring in beverages and foods and is one of the most widely used fragrance materials, having the sweet aroma of rose. Occupational exposure to citronellol in the United States is significant, estimated to be over 160,000 workers in 62 industries. Citronellol is present in high concentrations in citronella, geranium, and rose oils, accounting for additional human exposure. It is also closely related to citronellal and seven esters also having “GRAS” status. SELECTION STATUS ACTION BY CSWG : 7/16/97 Studies requested : - Metabolism studies - Mechanistic studies to include examination of the role of α 2u -globulin in transport - Carcinogenicity - In vitro cytogenetic analysis - In vivo micronucleus assay Priority : Moderate Rationale/Remarks : - High production levels - Widespread exposure as an ingredient in natural products - Lack of chronic toxicity data - Test in parallel with linalool INPUT FROM GOVERNMENT AGENCIES/INDUSTRY Dr. Dan Benz, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Dr. Ed Matthews (formerly with CFSAN) provided information on citronellol from FDA’s Priority-Based Assessment of Food Additives (PAFA) database. -
Peroxisomal Trans-2-Enoyl-Coa Reductase Is Involved in Phytol Degradation
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector FEBS Letters 580 (2006) 2092–2096 Peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase is involved in phytol degradation J. Gloerich, J.P.N. Ruiter, D.M. van den Brink, R. Ofman, S. Ferdinandusse, R.J.A. Wanders* Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases (F0-224), Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Emma’s Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands Received 15 February 2006; accepted 4 March 2006 Available online 10 March 2006 Edited by Sandro Sonnino the peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidases anymore. For further Abstract Phytol is a naturally occurring precursor of phytanic acid. The last step in the conversion of phytol to phytanoyl-CoA breakdown, the chain-shortened product is transported to is the reduction of phytenoyl-CoA mediated by an, as yet, the mitochondrion [3], where it is totally degraded to acetyl- unidentified enzyme. A candidate for this reaction is a previously CoA and propionyl-CoA units [4]. Besides breakdown of described peroxisomal trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase (TER). To pristanic acid, peroxisomal b-oxidation is also involved in investigate this, human TER was expressed in E. coli as an the degradation of very long-chain fatty acids, long-chain MBP-fusion protein. The purified recombinant protein was dicarboxylic acids and bile acid intermediates [4]. shown to have high reductase activity towards trans-phytenoyl- Another metabolic process that recently has been shown to CoA, but not towards the peroxisomal b-oxidation intermediates occur, at least partly, in the peroxisome is the degradation of C24:1-CoA and pristenoyl-CoA.