Cnes Operational Feedbacks in Collision Avoidance for Leo Satellites

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Cnes Operational Feedbacks in Collision Avoidance for Leo Satellites CNES OPERATIONAL FEEDBACKS IN COLLISION AVOIDANCE FOR LEO SATELLITES Grégory BEAUMET CNES DCT/OP/MO, 18 av. Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse cede 9, France Phone: %33-5-61-27-43-91 Email: gregory..eaumet0cnes.fr ABSTRACT Because of the ever-increasing number of orbital debris, the possibility of a satellite collision with a space debris or another satellite is becoming more and more likely. This phenomenon particularly concerns the LEO altitude regime, the most fre uently used region in space, where the environment has reached a point in which collisions will become the dominant debris generating mechanism in the future. Therefore CNES performs collision risk monitoring for the 15 LEO satellites it controls. Most of the operational Collision Avoidance activities are gathered at OCC (Orbit Computation Center) in its Operations Sub-directorate. First this paper briefly presents the current CNES Collision Avoidance Process which includes OCC contingency operational procedure for collision risk management, procedure which is divided in five stages, each successive stage representing an escalation in the contingency from collision risk screening to dangerous con,unctions fine analysis and risk mitigation. The different criteria, actors, types of avoidance manoeuvres will be presented with the information flow settled between different actors. The analysis of known collisions will be presented in order to e-periment the efficiency of the process. Then this paper tries to give feedbacks of two years of operational Collision Avoidance assessment for 15 LEO satellites in order to underline the preference actions which should be taken to improve global efficiency of the process. Therefore, key figures for the operational activities are given. number of alerts, number of risks, number of avoidance manoeuvres, etc... The evolution of the operational process within the past two-year e-perience is presented, especially the need for more and more automation. In order to give an idea of the variety of situations which need to be handled in terms of Collision Avoidance, first a real typical case e-ample is introduced. Then the case of a close approach between two controlled satellites is discussed and the differences are illustrated with real cases encountered. Finally the case of a close approach between an operational satellite 0ASON 1 with a non-operational one TOPE1 which was (and still is) on a close orbit for mission purpose is presented with its operational mitigation of close encountered close approaches. 1. INTRODUCTION There are eight recorded collisions and four of which with catalogued space debris. In 2ecember 1331, the Russian satellite COSMOS 1334 and a COSMOS 328 debris collided. Five years later, on 0uly 24 th 1338, the French satellite CERISE was hit by a debris. On 0anuary 17 th 2005 there was a collision between THOR BURNER and a debris from Long March. And recently, on February 10 th 2003, an operational satellite IRI2IUM 33 and a non operational one COSMOS 2251 collided in orbit. One difficulty of the collision risk management is the limited number of tracked ob,ects. only 13,000 out of 100,000 potentially dangerous debris. Another difficulty is the unavailability of the accuracy of the publicly available data needed to properly monitor collision risks. CNES uses different data sources. • Space-Trac3 database. the main Two Lines Elements (TLE) database. 2ue to its breadth and update fre uency, it has been adopted as the primary source for the screening phase. Nevertheless, its accuracy and orbit propagation models are not fully available. Therefore, comple- estimations are re uired to estimate and improve consistency. • 4RA7ES database. the French Air Force Space Surveillance System (built by ONERA). • Specific or.ital data . radar measurements from French 2efence facilities, FGAN radar and CNES Guyana Launch Center. These sources produce very accurate measurements but they are only used to improve the orbit determination of dangerous ob,ects due to their limited availability. 2. CURRENT CNES COLLISION AVOIDANCE PROCESS 2.1 OCC cont ngency operat onal procedure for coll s on r s) management The CNES Collision Avoidance (CA) process is operational since 0uly 2007 on all LEO satellites controlled by CNES. In order to be capable of handling a collision risk whenever it occurs, on-call teams in each speciality are in place. Two on-call teams of flight dynamics engineers are available 24/7. one in charge of CA analyses (CA team) and one in charge of the station-keeping of the LEO satellites controlled at CNES. Obviously, when an avoidance manoeuvre is considered, the CA procedure also relies on all the other on-call teams (vehicle, payload, ground segment, station network ?). The CNES procedure is divided in 5 stages as presented in Fig. 1, each stage being an escalation in the contingency. Fig. 1. Five stages procedure (PoC D Probability of Collision) The automated screening stage consists of a fully automated process which is performed daily at OCC. Collision risk predictions are made within an horizon of 7 days. The orbits of the CNES satellites are given by ephemeris provided by the dedicated control centers. The secondary ob,ect information comes from the public NORA2 catalogue (Space-Track database) and is eventually completed with data from the GRAAES catalogue. The estimation of the orbital position uncertainty is performed using in-house tools as described in B1C. The manual risk assessment stage consists in the manual analysis of the risks detected by the previous stage. This stage cannot be completely automated since each con,unction characteristic (collision probability, geometry and date, orbit uncertainties, miss distance on each a-is, trending miss distance and ob,ect size) is important and has to be analysed and taken into account to evaluate the risk. The aim of the dangerous con,unctions fine assessment stage is to determine the con,unctions that need to be mitigated. This is also a manual stage and it involves re uesting radar data in order to improve the knowledge of the ob,ect orbit. At this stage, three kinds of risks can lead to con,unction mitigation. - if the secondary ob,ect orbit is confirmed by radar measurements and the operational collision probability e-ceeds 10 -3, - if radar measurements are not available and the operational collision probability e-ceeds 10 -2, - if the risk is confirmed by NASA (when the con,unction concerns one of the CNES satellites involved in the A-Train). 2uring the con,unction mitigation stage Collision Avoidance team keeps on analysing the risk so that any change on the collision risk can be detected. At the same time, possible avoidance manoeuvres are computed in cooperation with the station-keeping team taking into account satellite mission, platform and operational constraints, as well as potentially new high-risk con,unction events in the post manoeuvre tra,ectory. This stage is coordinated by the on-call mission representative through the e-ceptional Operational Coordination Group (OCG) which decides if an avoidance manoeuvre has to be performed. The final stage is the formal end of the con,unction mitigation. At this stage, the CA team tries to analyse the lessons learned in order to improve the process. Post Collision Avoidance reports summarizing the risk management are produced and presentations are performed in annual e-ploitation reviews. 2.2 Actors and nformat on flow settled ,etween d fferent actors The actors mentioned in the previous section are summarized in the Fig. 2 with the information flow settled between each of them. CNES OCC S GRAVES c TLEs r CONTROL e e CONTROLCENTER n M A i Alert CENTER n i s CONTROL CENTER NORAD g t s TLEs i e g s a s t m One team per mission: i e o n Radar n t DV - Mission coordination measurements analysis - Station-keeping - Vehicle NASA - Ground segment Fig. 2. CNES Collision Avoidance information flow 3. REAL CASE E.AMPLES This section describes real cases handled by CNES CA team since the beginning of its operational activities. The ob,ective is to illustrate the variety of situations encountered, firstly describing a typical case and then presenting two special cases for which the involvement of several CNES entities was re uired. 3.1 Typ cal close approach On 0uly 1E th 2007 the automatic screening provided the following information concerning a new collision risk B1C between SPOT5 satellite and a debris of the Chinese FENGFUN satellite. • time of closest approach (TCA). 0uly 22 nd 2007 at 05.43G • collision ma-imum probability e-ceeding 10 -4G • con,unction geometry. o miss distance D 125 mG o in-track separation D 30 mG o radial separation D 50 mG o cross-track separation D 70 m. 1 13 0.8 0.6 8 0.4 0.2 3 0 -0.2 -2 -0.4 I differencesI (km) I differences (km) -0.6 -7 -0.8 -1 -12 24/1 13/2 5/3 25/3 14/4 4/5 24/5 13/6 3/7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 Date Number of extrapolation days 0.2 0.3 0.15 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.05 0 0 -0.1 -0.05 -0.2 -0.1 R differences (km) -0.3 Rdifferences (km) -0.15 -0.4 -0.2 -0.5 24/1 13/2 5/3 25/3 14/4 4/5 24/5 13/6 3/7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 Date Number of extrapolation days 0.2 0.4 0.15 0.2 0.1 0 0.05 -0.2 0 -0.4 -0.05 -0.6 -0.1 -0.15 -0.8 C differences (km) -0.2 -1 Cdifferences (km) -0.25 -1.2 -0.3 -1.4 24/1 13/2 5/3 25/3 14/4 4/5 24/5 13/6 3/7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 Date Number of extrapolation days Fig.
Recommended publications
  • January 1972
    1- -/- r-FI - M . , 2 1. I ./ r..1 1 ..1 .91"r«Fr 11 'L ' 4 *L :,1 1 1 15'i'&11& ..-t *4-**4,- '+ , 1 ,#146*1\ :1,#F'i- ihlf,1,r. 'flijh/f»--,1~.Ati ·, 4 <A/ 1,11 -. , . NNU -A . * IA- 1 IIi,_ %4'1 r'll,I, , . ...... ........ ..~..1.... - 9, , .t 1, 14., '.,r'. - 4-- . 3 8 . il- . 191 01, t . Ad v - » r'* _ , , I I r V '- 4 \ '111 11 4 1, 14, , 4 7S* . GOLD CARD PRESENTATIONS signifying Honorary Membership in Ope- 4/36, Reg, 231681; C. J. Mahan, Init. 7/27, Reg. 179387: Don E. Malhiot, rating Engineers Local Union No. 3 were made by Business Manager Al Init. 12/32, Reg. 202738; Meryl D. Mayes, Init. 12/36, Reg. 238116; John Clen- a- the Semi-Annual Meeting to Brothers E. J. Blood, Int. 7/17, Reg. F. Regallo, Init. 5/36, Reg. 232718; C. A. Schroff, Init. 4/30, Reg. 195110: 87915· C. C. Clark, Init. 3/30, Reg. 194797; Earl Dooley, Init. 9/35, Reg. Hobart Simpson, Init. 9/32, Reg. 202429; C. W. Stevens, Init. 9/28, Reg. 227545 George Ernst, Init. 4/36, Reg. 230898; Barney Felix, Init. 4/36, 187508: George W. Stevens, Init, 2/31, Reg, 198375 and Earl Stiles, Init. Reg. 23 1675; Ralph L, Foy, Init. 5/36, Reg. 23652; Robert Hall, Init. 9/35, 12/36, Reg. 239392. A standing ovation followed the presentations. Reg. 226889; F, M. Lauritzen, 9/35, Reg. 227,552; Philip Perrin, Init. "Serving the men who move tbe earth.'" ~~ ENGINEERS Cr »~ iNH :W 48 <tlESN>- PUBLISHED TO PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE OF ALL ENGINEERS AND THEIR FAMILIES 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Florida Future, Vol. 12 No. 14, November 30, 1979
    University of Central Florida STARS Central Florida Future University Archives 11-30-1979 Central Florida Future, Vol. 12 No. 14, November 30, 1979 Part of the Mass Communication Commons, Organizational Communication Commons, Publishing Commons, and the Social Influence and oliticalP Communication Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/centralfloridafuture University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Newsletter is brought to you for free and open access by the University Archives at STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Central Florida Future by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation "Central Florida Future, Vol. 12 No. 14, November 30, 1979" (1979). Central Florida Future. 380. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/centralfloridafuture/380 .U C F LIBRARY ARCHIVES University of .·central Florida) Fr~day, November 30, 1979 N~. l_ ~ . -; ~ _ ill __ Energy. costs exceed university's budget by Barbara °Cowell aaaoclate editor UCF's energy consumption has rise.n and is no longer within the budget .project­ for : this yea_r, according to Richard V. Neuhaus, assistant director of thP Physical Plant. The proposed budget for the year underestimated the rising cost of energy. Ac·· cording to Neuhaus, the cost per energy unit has riseq over 35 percent and show5 no sign of abating. "At this time," he said, "the cost of the kilowatt hour has risen from three to five cents." "They tell me that at other universities they're having problems. '.with . budgets," said N~uhaus. "Especially campuses like USF and UF, where medical centers are situated and consume a great amount of energy." According to Neuhaus, UCF has implemented a Delta 1000 and 2000 Horeywell system for energy management.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mississippi Delta Beyond 2000 Author: N/A Pub
    USDA United States Department of Agriculture Research, Education, and Economics Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library PROJECT TITLE: Rural Information Project DOCUMENT INFORMATION Title: Delta Vision, Delta Voices: The Mississippi Delta Beyond 2000 Author: N/A Pub. Date: 2000 Volume No.: 0006 Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Call No.: PAGE INVENTORY Pages Not Numbered: Color Plates: 58 Grayscale Halftone Plates: 19 Plate Captions: Total Pages: 144 DIRECTORY INFORMATION Root Directory: ric/group2 Second Level Directory: 0006 IMAGE SPECIFICATIONS Bitonal Resolution: 600 dpi, 1 bit Grayscale Resolution: 300 dpi, 8 bit Color Resolution: 400 dpi, 24 bit Delta VISION yüe ta VOICE i ITelta TWI§5Íi^?:ík5f -^^yond 2001) V,-/ ^»!:¿SS:r^ -^, AV^.i^^ COVER: MS River near Tallulah, LA (Courtesy NASA/UL) • Natchez Bridge: Courtesy Mayor Larry "Butch" Brown • Tomatoes: Courtesy United States Department of Agriculture • House-builders: Courtesy Mayor's Build, New Orleans Area Habitat for Humanity, Lauren Keith • FWS Employee: Courtesy U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Delta VISION, Delta VOICES: The Mississippi Delta Beyond 2000 Table of Contents Statement by President William Jefferson Clinton ¡i Statement by Vice President Al Gore ¡¡i Foreword from Secretary of Transportation Rodney E. Slater îv Executive Summary x Excerpts from President Clinton's 2000 State of the Union Address (related to the Delta Region) . xii Summary of the Clinton-Gore Administration's Budget Proposals for the Delta Region xiii Essay: John M. Barry, Author of Rising Tide 1 The Future of the Delta Region: Federal Actions, Goals and Recommendations Preface 2 I. Improving the Quality of Life 7 Diversity Housing Education Infrastructure Health Care Hunger, Nutrition and Food Security AmeriCorps and Volunteerism Disaster Assistance Community Law Enforcement II.
    [Show full text]
  • DELTA-2000 10-Kv Automated Insulation Test Set Catalog No
    AVTM 672001 Rev. B October 2001 Instruction Manual for DELTA-2000 10-kV Automated Insulation Test Set Catalog No. 672001 High-Voltage Equipment Read the entire manual before operating. Aparato de Alto Voltaje Antes de operar este producto lea este manual enteramente. AVO International PO Box 9007 Valley Forge, PA 19485-1007 U.S.A 610-676-8500 Shipping Address: Valley Forge Corporate Center 2621 Van Buren Avenue Norristown, PA 19403 U.S.A DELTA-2000 10-kV Automated Insulation Test Set Instruction Manual Copyright© February 1997 by AVO International All rights reserved. Reproduction without written permission is prohibited. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Table of Contents Section Page 1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 1 Receiving Instructions....................................................................................... 1 General Information.......................................................................................... 1 2 Safety .......................................................................................................................... 3 Precautions ....................................................................................................... 3 Warning and Caution Notices........................................................................... 5 3 Specifications................................................................................................................. 6 Electrical..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Condensors / Contact Points(3NC 4NC NPS)
    DISTRIBUTOR CONTACT POINTS New-Era No. Ref.No. Application NPS-106 04191-40010 DAIHATSU COMPAGNO F30 HILINE F100, 175, 200 NEW LAIN L50, S50 029641-0110 ND NPS-107C 04191-41010 DAIHATSU 19145-38011 DELTA 750 H-KD10, H-A10, H-KB10, KD10 ~75 19145-41010 CONSORTE 1000 A-EP30, 40, 45, B-EP50, 51 75~ 33140-74010 CHARMANT 1200 B-A10 76~ 99329-35902 SUZUKI FRONTE T-S, C-SSU (AB10) 77~79 E-SS40 (F5A) 79~ 800 SS80F, SS80AF 83~ CARRY 800 ST80, 80K, 80V 80~ CERVO SC80 80~ JIMMY H-SJ20 77~ 8 H-SJ20 (V), (F8A) 77~ SJ410V 83~ TOYOTA CROWN MS50,51,52,56,60,62,65, 75~ 66,70,75,A-MS80,82,90 C-MS100,A-RS80 CORONA RT41,53,54,60,61,62,67, 75~ 70,71,72,76,77,82,84,88 94,102,C-RT122,A-RT100 A-TT10,A-TT110 B(C-)TT120 MARKⅡ RT104,108,112,114 RX10,11,12,16,17,20,21, 22,26,27,28,MX10,20,27 A-MX10,20,27,C-RX15 75~ COROLLA KE10,11,15,16,17,18,20, 25,26,30,35,37,40,47,50, 60,TE20,25,27,30,31,35, 36,37,40,41,45,47 CHASER C-TX30-D,C-RX30-D 77~ TA12,15,17,20 CELICA C-RA35 76~ A-TA14,18,23,27,B-TA35 75~ DISTRIBUTOR ~ CONTACT POINTS CONTACT MARKⅡ1800 C-TX30(3T-U) 77 79 2000 C-MX30,35(M-U) 76~79 CARINA RA11,15,21,25 75~ STARLET B-KP50,51 76~ 029350-0200 ND 029350-0220 ND 029350-0690 ND 029641-1221 ND NPS-107RC 19145-26060 DAIHATSU 19145-36060 CHARMANT 1200 H-A10V (3K-HJ) 75~79 19145-41020 1300 J-A30V(4K-J) 79~81 19145-45060 1400 A20, H-A20V(T-J) 74~79 19145-87701 1600 J-A40V (12T-J) 79~81 33140-60010 CHARADE E-G10 (CB10, 11, 31, 32) 77~ E-G11 (CB12, 32, 33) 83~ MAX CUORE C-L40 (AB10), E-L45 (AB40), 77~80 H-L40V (AB30) CUORE (COLD) E-L55 (AB40) 80~ DELTA WIDE H-KB11V (4K-J) 78~79 J-KB12V (4K-J) 79~82 H-TB10V (2T-J) 78~81 029350-0690 ND J-TB11V (2T-J) 79~82 029350-0200 ND DELTA 1500, 2000 V3# (5R) 77~83 029350-0270 ND HI-JET J-S65 (AB20), J-S65Y (AB20) 81~82 029350-0330 ND 550 H-S40 (AB) 76~81 CONTINUED 029350-0650 ND J-S40 (AB20) 79~81 257 DISTRIBUTOR CONTACT POINTS New-Era No.
    [Show full text]
  • Modernization of the Czech Air Force
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2001-06 Modernization of the Czech Air Force. Vlcek, Vaclav. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10888 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS MODERNIZATION OF THE CZECH AIR FORCE by Vaclav Vlcek June 2001 Thesis Advisor: Raymond Franck Associate Advisor: Gregory Hildebrandt Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 20010807 033 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMBNo. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED June 2001 Master's Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE : MODERNIZATION OF THE CZECH AIR FORCE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Vaclav VIcek 8. PERFORMING 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) ORGANIZATION REPORT Naval Postgraduate School NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING / MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Distributed $(\Delta+1)$-Coloring Via Ultrafast Graph Shattering | SIAM
    SIAM J. COMPUT. \bigcircc 2020 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 497{539 DISTRIBUTED (\Delta + 1)-COLORING VIA ULTRAFAST GRAPH SHATTERING\ast y z x YI-JUN CHANG , WENZHENG LI , AND SETH PETTIE Abstract. Vertex coloring is one of the classic symmetry breaking problems studied in distrib- uted computing. In this paper, we present a new algorithm for (\Delta +1)-list coloring in the randomized 0 LOCAL model running in O(Detd(poly log n)) = O(poly(log log n)) time, where Detd(n ) is the de- 0 terministic complexity of (deg +1)-list coloring on n -vertex graphs. (In this problem, each v has a palette of size deg(v)+1.) This improves upon a previousp randomized algorithm of Harris, Schneider,p and Su [J. ACM, 65 (2018), 19] with complexity O( log \Delta +log log n+Detd(poly log n)) = O( log n). Unless \Delta is small, it is also faster than the best known deterministic algorithm of Fraigniaud,Hein- rich, and Kosowski [Proceedings of the 57th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Com- puter Science (FOCS), 2016] and Barenboim, Elkin, and Goldenberg [Proceedings of the 38th An- nualp ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC), 2018], with complexity O( \Delta log \Deltalog\ast \Delta +log\ast n). Our algorithm's running time is syntactically very similar to the \Omega (Det(poly log n)) lower bound of Chang, Kopelowitz, and Pettie [SIAM J. Comput., 48 (2019), pp. 122{143], where Det(n0) is the deterministic complexity of (\Delta + 1)-list coloring on n0-vertex graphs.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Consumption
    COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY RESOURCES ENERGY MANAGEMENT BASICS FOR MUNICIPAL PLANNERS AND MANAGERS Deval L. Patrick Richard K. Sullivan, Jr. Governor Secretary, Executive Office of Energy and Environmental Affairs Mark Sylvia Commissioner, Department of Energy Resources Acknowledgements This guide was prepared under the direction of Eileen McHugh. Readers may obtain specific information from the Department at (617) 626-7300 DOER would like to thank John Snell at the Peregrine Energy Group for his contribution to the development of this guide. i TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 How to Use the Guide 2 Defining Energy Management 2 Benefits of Energy Management 3 Cost-Effectiveness 3 Incentives Can Win Support for the Program 3 Communication and Training are Crucial 3 A Program That Will Get Results 4 Summary 4 I: Decide the Next Step 5 Define Energy Management Project Scope 5 Identify Energy Management Stakeholders and Project Leader 5 Identify State and Federal Technical and Financial Support Resources 7 Establish Management Policies, Responsibilities, and Priorities 7 Define an Action Plan 7 Identify and Quantify Energy Consumption 8 Monitor and Improve Building Operating Efficiency and Performance 8 II: Identify and Quantify Energy Consumption 9 Understanding How Buildings Use Energy 9 Energy Consumption Data 9 The Energy Budget: How well is the Building Doing? 11 Energy Consumption: Costs and the Annual Efficiency Index 11 MassEnergyInsight 12 III: Estimate Energy
    [Show full text]
  • Access to Space
    databk7_collected.book Page 989 Monday, September 14, 2009 2:53 PM INDEX A (Office of Space Science), 585 Advanced Transportation Technology, 101 Academic programs, 10, 14 Advanced X-ray Astronomical Facility (AXAF) Accelerometer, 959 approval of, 576 "Access to Space" study, 22, 80, 172 AXAF-I, 653 ACE-Able Engineering, Inc, 857 AXAF-S, 653 Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor budgets and funding for, 653–54, 779 (ACRIM), 421, 480 Chandra (AXAF), 576, 579, 652, 655–57, Acuña, Mario H., 940, 945, 953, 956 838–41 Adamson, James C. characteristics, instruments, and experiments, STS-28, 360, 380 654–57, 838–41; Advanced Charged Couple STS-43, 363, 409 Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS), 656, 657, Adrastea, 711 839, 840; High Energy Transmission Grating Advanced Carrier Customer Equipment Support (HETG) spectrometer, 657, 839–40, 841; System, 223 High Resolution Camera (HRC), 656, 657, Advanced Charged Couple Imaging Spectrometer 839, 840; High Resolution Mirror Assembly, (ACIS), 656, 657, 839, 840 654, 656–57; Low Energy Transmission Advanced Communications Technology Satellite Grating (LETG) spectrometer, 657, 839–40; (ACTS), 161, 252, 254, 366, 454 Science Instrument Module (SIM), 657 Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), 140, deployment of, 579 579, 604–5, 606, 607, 772, 781, 806–9 development of, 652, 653 Advanced Concepts and Technology, Office of objective of, 589, 652–53 (Code C) Advisory Committee on the Future of the U.S. budgets and funding for, 13, 33, 35, 89, 91, 94, Space Program, 204–5, 287, 564 100 Aero Corporation, 894, 897
    [Show full text]
  • BNA0875127 1 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No
    I This report is PRIVILEGED INFORMATIO e N of th U .S . Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha Distric t FINAL REPORT SANTA SUSANA FIELD LABORATORY (SSFL) 1 AIR FORCE PLANT NO . S7 SITE OPERATIONS / OWNERSHIP HISTORY I I Prepared fo r I U .S . Army Corps of Engineers Omaha Distric t Omaha , Nebraska I I Contract No . DACA45 - 89-D-0512 Delivery Order No . 1 I I Prepared by I TechLaw, Inc 14500 Avion Parkway Suite 300 I Chantilly , Virginia 22021-1101 (703) 818-100 0 I October 4, 199 0 I I CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875127 1 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666278 FINAL REPORT SANTA SUSANA FIELD LABORATORY SITE OPERATIONS/ OWNERSHIP HISTORY 1 Table o>< content s 1 Section Paae I . INTRODUCTION . 1 A . Project Background . 1 3 . Report Organization . 3 II . SITE OPERATIONS HISTORY . 4 A . Introduction . 4 B . Large Engine Testing at SSFL . 4 C . Engine Testing and TCE Flushing . 7 0 . Rocketdyne Programs . 9 1 . Navaho . 9 2 . Atlas . .11 3 . Jupiter and Thor . .14 I 4 . E-1 . .16 5 . H-1 . .17 6 . F-1 . .18 1 7 . RS-27 Delta . .1 9 E . TCE and Retention Ponds . .20 F . Other TCE and Solvent Releases . .25 G . RCRA Impoundments . .2 9 1 . Advanced Propulsion Test Facility . 2 9 2 . Alfa Bravo Skim Pond . 3 0 3 . Storable Propellants Area . .31 4 . Delta and Propellant Load Facility . 32 5 . Systems Test Laboratory-IV . 3 3 H . Other Operations at SSFL . .34 1 .
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeography of the Manybar Goatfish, Parupeneus Multifasciatus, Reveals Isolation of the Hawaiian Archipelago and a Cryptic Species in the Marquesas Islands
    Bull Mar Sci. 90(1):493–512. 2014 research paper http://dx.doi.org/10.5343/bms.2013.1032 Phylogeography of the manybar goatfish, Parupeneus multifasciatus, reveals isolation of the Hawaiian Archipelago and a cryptic species in the Marquesas Islands 1 Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Zoltán Szabó 1 * Biology, University of Hawai‘i, 2 Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744. Brent Snelgrove Matthew T Craig 3 2 Department of Biology, 4 University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Luiz A Rocha Hawaii 96822. Brian W Bowen 1 3 Department of Marine Science and Environmental Studies, University of San Diego, San Diego, California 92110. ABSTRACT.—To assess genetic connectivity in a common and abundant goatfish (family Mullidae), we surveyed 4 Section of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, 637 specimens of Parupeneus multifasciatus (Quoy and 55 Music Concourse Dr, San Gaimard, 1825) from 15 locations in the Hawaiian Islands Francisco, California 94118. plus Johnston Atoll, two locations in the Line Islands, two locations in French Polynesia, and two locations in the * Corresponding author email: <[email protected]>. northwestern Pacific. Based on mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences, we found no evidence of population structure across Hawaii and the North Pacific; however, we observed genetic structuring between northern and southern Pacific locations with the equator-straddling Line Islands affiliated with the southern population. The Marquesas Islands sample in the South Pacific was highly divergent d( = 4.12% average sequence divergence from individuals from all other locations) indicating a cryptic species. These findings demonstrate that this goatfish is capable of extensive dispersal consistent with early life history traits in Mullidae, Date Submitted: 4 April, 2013.
    [Show full text]
  • Improving the Air Force Medical Service's
    Dissertation Improving the Air Force Medical Service’s Expeditionary Medical Support System: A Simulation Approach Analysis of Mass-Casualty Combat and Disaster Relief Scenarios John A. Hamm This document was submitted as a dissertation in September 2018 in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the doctoral degree in public policy analysis at the Pardee RAND Graduate School. The faculty committee that supervised and approved the dissertation consisted of Brent Thomas (Chair), Bart Bennett, and Jose Sorto. PARDEE RAND GRADUATE SCHOOL For more information on this publication, visit http://www.rand.org/pubs/rgs_dissertations/RGSDA343-1.html Published 2020 by the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif. R® is a registered trademark Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. Support RAND Make a tax-deductible charitable contribution at www.rand.org/giving/contribute www.rand.org Abstract Research finds minor changes to the Air Force’s Expeditionary Medical Support System (EMEDS) that produce significant impacts on patient outcomes in mass-casualty events.
    [Show full text]