DOCSLIB.ORG

Electronic Circuits: Fundamentals and Applications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Electronic Circuits: Fundamentals and Applications //SYS21/G:/ECF/REVISES (5-11-2001)/0750653949-CH000-PRELIMS.3D ± 1 ± [1±10/10] 10.11.2001 4:28PM Electronic Circuits:Fundamentals and Applications //SYS21/G:/ECF/REVISES (5-11-2001)/0750653949-CH000-PRELIMS.3D ± 2 ± [1±10/10] 10.11.2001 4:28PM //SYS21/G:/ECF/REVISES (5-11-2001)/0750653949-CH000-PRELIMS.3D ± 3 ± [1±10/10] 10.11.2001 4:28PM ElectronicCircuits:Fundamentalsand Applications Second edition Michael Tooley, BA Director of Learning Technology Brooklands College OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI //SYS21/G:/ECF/REVISES (5-11-2001)/0750653949-CH000-PRELIMS.3D ± 4 ± [1±10/10] 10.11.2001 4:28PM Newnes An imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041 A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First published 1995 as Electronic Circuits Student Handbook Reprinted 1999 Second edition 2002 ß Michael Tooley 1995, 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 0LP. Applications for the copyright holder's written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7506 5394 9 Typeset by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd., Pondicherry 605 005, India www.integra-india.com Printed and bound in Great Britain //SYS21/G:/ECF/REVISES (5-11-2001)/0750653949-CH000-PRELIMS.3D ± 5 ± [1±10/10] 10.11.2001 4:28PM Contents Preface vii 11 Microprocesser systems 177 A word about safety ix 12 The 555 timer 192 1 Electrical fundamentals 1 13 Radio 201 2 Passive components 18 14 Test equipment and measurements 216 3 D.C. circuits 46 Appendix 1 Student assignments 246 4 Alternating voltage and current 66 Appendix 2 Revision problems 250 5 Semiconductors 80 Appendix 3 Answers to problems 260 6 Power supplies 105 Appendix 4 Semiconductor pin connections 263 7 Amplifiers 116 Appendix 5 Decibels 265 8 Operational amplifiers 138 Appendix 6 Mathematics for electronics 267 9 Oscillators 151 Appendix 7 Useful web links 292 10 Logic circuits 161 Index 294 //SYS21/G:/ECF/REVISES (5-11-2001)/0750653949-CH000-PRELIMS.3D ± 6 ± [1±10/10] 10.11.2001 4:28PM //SYS21/G:/ECF/REVISES (5-11-2001)/0750653949-CH000-PRELIMS.3D ± 7 ± [1±10/10] 10.11.2001 4:28PM Preface This book has been designed to help you under- satisfy this requirement. However, for those who stand how electronic circuits work. It will provide may need a refresher or have had previous you with the basic underpinning knowledge problems with mathematics, Appendix 6 will necessary to appreciate the operation of a wide provide you with the underpinning mathematical range of electronic circuits including amplifiers, knowledge required. logic circuits, power supplies and oscillators. In the later chapters of the book, a number of The book is ideal for people who are studying representative circuits (with component values) electronics for the first time at any level including a have been included together with sufficient in- wide range of school and college courses. It is formation to allow you to adapt and modify the equally well suited to those who may be returning circuits for your own use. These circuits can be to study or who may be studying independently as used to form the basis of your own practical well as those who may need a quick refresher. investigations or they can be combined together in The book has 14 chapters, each dealing with a more complex circuits. particular topic, and seven appendices. The Finally, you can learn a great deal from approach is topic-based rather than syllabus- building, testing and modifying simple circuits. based and each major topic looks at a particular To do this you will need access to a few basic tools application of electronics. The relevant theory is and some minimal test equipment. Your first introduced on a progressive basis and delivered in purchase should be a simple multi-range meter, manageable chunks. either digital or analogue. This instrument will In order to give you an appreciation of the allow you to measure the voltages and currents solution of simple numerical problems related to present in your circuits and compare them with the operation of basic circuits, worked examples predicted values. If you are attending a formal have been liberally included within the text. In course of instruction and have access to an addition, a number of problems can be found at electronics laboratory, do make full use of it! the end of each chapter and solutions are provided at the end of the book. You can use these end-of- chapter problems to check your understanding and also to give you some experience of the `short A note for teachers and lecturers answer' questions used in most in-course assess- ments. For good measure, we have included 70 The book is ideal for students following formal revision problems in Appendix 2. courses (e.g. GCSE, AS, A-level, AVCE, BTEC, At the end of the book we have included 21 City and Guilds, RSA, etc.) in schools, sixth-form sample coursework assignments. These should colleges, and further/higher education colleges. It give you plenty of `food for thought' as well as is equally well suited for use as a text that can offering you some scope for further experimenta- support distance or flexible learning and for those tion. It is not envisaged that you should complete who may need a `refresher' before studying all of these assignments and a carefully chosen electronics at a higher level. selection will normally suffice. If you are following While the book assumes little previous know- a formal course, your teacher or lecturer will ledge students need to be able to manipulate basic explain how these should be tackled and how they formulae and understand some simple trigonom- can contribute to your course assessment. etry to follow the numerical examples. A study of While the book assumes no previous knowledge mathematics to GCSE level (or beyond) will of electronics you need to be able to manipulate normally be adequate to satisfy this requirement. basic formulae and understand some simple However, an appendix has been added specifically trigonometry in order to follow the numerical to support students who may have difficulty with examples. A study of mathematics to GCSE level mathematics. Students will require a scientific (or equivalent) will normally be adequate to calculator in order to tackle the end-of-chapter //SYS21/G:/ECF/REVISES (5-11-2001)/0750653949-CH000-PRELIMS.3D ± 8 ± [1±10/10] 10.11.2001 4:28PM viii PREFACE problems as well as the revision problems that be followed broadly in the order that they appear appear at the end of the book. with the notable exception of Chapter 14. Topics We have also included 21 sample coursework from this chapter should be introduced at an early assignments. These are open-ended and can be stage in order to support formal lab work. modified or extended to suit the requirements of Assuming a notional delivery time of 4.5 hours the particular awarding body. The assignments per week, the material contained in this book have been divided into those that are broadly at (together with supporting laboratory exercises Level 2 and those that are at Level 3. In order to and assignments) will require approximately two give reasonable coverage of the subject, students academic terms (i.e. 24 weeks) to deliver in which should normally be expected to complete between the total of 90 hours of study time should be four and five of these assignments. Teachers can divided equally into theory (supported by prob- differentiate students' work by mixing assignments lem solving) and practical (laboratory and assign- from the two levels. In order to challenge students, ment work). The recommended four or five minimal information should be given to students assignments will require about 25 to 30 hours of at the start of each assignment. The aim should be student work to complete. Finally, when con- that of giving students `food for thought' and structing a teaching programme it is, of course, encouraging them to develop their own solutions essential to check that you fully comply with the and interpretation of the topic. requirements of the awarding body concerning Where this text is to be used to support formal assessment and that the syllabus coverage is teaching it is suggested that the chapters should adequate. //SYS21/G:/ECF/REVISES (5-11-2001)/0750653949-CH000-PRELIMS.3D ± 9 ± [1±10/10] 10.11.2001 4:28PM A word about safety When working on electronic circuits, personal The severity of electric shock depends upon safety (both yours and of those around you) several factors including the magnitude of the should be paramount in everything that you do. current, whether it is alternating or direct current, Hazards can exist within many circuits ± even and its precise path through the body. The those that, on the face of it, may appear to be magnitude of the current depends upon the totally safe. Inadvertent misconnection of a voltage which is applied and the resistance of the supply, incorrect earthing, reverse connection of body.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Transistor Circuit Guidebook Byron Wels TAB BOOKSBLUE RIDGE SUMMIT, PA
    TAB BOOKS No. 470 34.95 By Byron Wels TransistorCircuit GuidebookByronWels TABBLUE RIDGE BOOKS SUMMIT,PA. 17214 Preface beforemeIa supposepioneer (along the my withintransistor firstthe many field.experiencewith wasother Weknown. World were using WarUnlike solid-stateIIsolid-state GIs) today's asdevices somewhat experimen- receivers marks of FIRST EDITION devicester,ownFirst, withsemiconductors! youwith a choice swipedwhichor tank. ofto a sealed,Here'sexperiment, pairThen ofhow encapsulated, you earphones we carefullywe did had it: from totookand construct the veryonenearest exoticof our the THIRDSECONDFIRST PRINTING-SEPTEMBER PRINTING-AUGUST PRINTING-JANUARY 1972 1970 1968 plane,wasyouAnphonesantenna. emptywound strung jeep,apart After toiletfull outand ofclippingas paper wire,unwoundhigh closelyrollandthe servedascatchthe far spaced.wire offas as itfrom a thewouldsafetyThe thecoil remaining-pin,magnetreach-for form, you inside.which stuckwire the Copyright © 1968by TAB BOOKS coatedNext,it into youneeded,a hunkribbons of -ofwooda razor -steel, soblade.the but point Oh,aItblued was noneprojected placedblade of the -quenchat so fancy right the pointplastic-bluedangles.of -, Reproduction or publicationPrinted inof the ofAmerica the United content States in any manner, with- themindfoundphoneground pin you,the was couldserved right not wired contact lacquerspotas toa onground blade, it. theblued.blade'sAconnector, pin,bayonet bluing,and stuck antennaand you hilt thecould coil.-deep other actuallyIfin ear- youthe isoutherein. assumed express
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Circuit Design and Component Selecjon
    Electronic circuit design and component selec2on Nan-Wei Gong MIT Media Lab MAS.S63: Design for DIY Manufacturing Goal for today’s lecture • How to pick up components for your project • Rule of thumb for PCB design • SuggesMons for PCB layout and manufacturing • Soldering and de-soldering basics • Small - medium quanMty electronics project producMon • Homework : Design a PCB for your project with a BOM (bill of materials) and esMmate the cost for making 10 | 50 |100 (PCB manufacturing + assembly + components) Design Process Component Test Circuit Selec2on PCB Design Component PCB Placement Manufacturing Design Process Module Test Circuit Selec2on PCB Design Component PCB Placement Manufacturing Design Process • Test circuit – bread boarding/ buy development tools (breakout boards) / simulaon • Component Selecon– spec / size / availability (inventory! Need 10% more parts for pick and place machine) • PCB Design– power/ground, signal traces, trace width, test points / extra via, pads / mount holes, big before small • PCB Manufacturing – price-Mme trade-off/ • Place Components – first step (check power/ground) -- work flow Test Circuit Construc2on Breadboard + through hole components + Breakout boards Breakout boards, surcoards + hookup wires Surcoard : surface-mount to through hole Dual in-line (DIP) packaging hap://www.beldynsys.com/cc521.htm Source : hap://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Breadboard_counter.jpg Development Boards – good reference for circuit design and component selec2on SomeMmes, it can be cheaper to pair your design with a development
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Circuits
    CHAPTER67 Learning Objectives ➣ What is an Integrated Circuit ? ➣ Advantages of ICs INTEGRATED ➣ Drawbacks of ICs ➣ Scale of Integration CIRCUITS ➣ Classification of ICs by Structure ➣ Comparison between Different ICs ➣ Classification of ICs by Function ➣ Linear Integrated Circuits (LICs) ➣ Manufacturer’s Designation of LICs ➣ Digital Integrated Circuits ➣ IC Terminology ➣ Semiconductors Used in Fabrication of ICs and Devices ➣ How ICs are Made? ➣ Material Preparation ➣ Crystal Growing and Wafer Preparation ➣ Wafer Fabrication ➣ Oxidation ➣ Etching ➣ Diffusion ➣ Ion Implantation ➣ Photomask Generation ➣ Photolithography ➣ Epitaxy Jack Kilby would justly be considered one of ➣ Metallization and Intercon- the greatest electrical engineers of all time nections for one invention; the monolithic integrated ➣ Testing, Bonding and circuit, or microchip. He went on to develop Packaging the first industrial, commercial and military ➣ Semiconductor Devices and applications for this integrated circuits- Integrated Circuit Formation including the first pocket calculator ➣ Popular Applications of ICs (pocketronic) and computer that used them 2472 Electrical Technology 67.1. Introduction Electronic circuitry has undergone tremendous changes since the invention of a triode by Lee De Forest in 1907. In those days, the active components (like triode) and passive components (like resistors, inductors and capacitors etc.) of the circuits were separate and distinct units connected by soldered leads. With the invention of the transistor in 1948 by W.H. Brattain and I. Bardeen, the electronic circuits became considerably reduced in size. It was due to the fact that a transistor was not only cheaper, more reliable and less power consuming but was also much smaller in size than an electron tube. To take advantage of small transistor size, the passive components too were greatly reduced in size thereby making the entire circuit very small.
    [Show full text]
  • 35402 Electronic Circuit R TG
    Electricity and Electronics Electronic Circuit Repair Introduction The purpose of this video is to help you quickly learn the most common methods used to trou- bleshoot electronic circuits. Electronic troubleshooting skills are needed to diagnose and repair several types of devices. These devices include stereos, cameras, VCRs, and much more. As mentioned, the program will explain how to diagnose and repair different types of electronic com- ponents and circuits. Viewers will also learn how to use the specialized tools and instruments needed to test these particular types of circuits and components. If students plan to enter any type of electronics field, viewing this program will prove to be beneficial. The program is organized into major sections or topics. Each section covers one major segment of the subject. Graphic breaks are given between each section so that you can stop the video for class discussion, demonstrations, to answer questions, or to ask questions. This allows you to watch only a portion of the program each day, or to present it in its entirety. This program is part of the ten-part series Electricity and Electronics, which includes the following titles: • Electrical Principles • Electrical Circuits: Ohm's Law • Electrical Components Part I: Resistors/Batteries/Switches • Electrical Components Part II: Capacitors/Fuses/Flashers/Coils • Electrical Components Part III: Transformers/Relays/Motors • Electronic Components Part I: Semiconductors/Transistors/Diodes • Electronic Components Part II: Operation—Transistors/Diodes • Electronic Components Part III: Thyristors/Piezo Crystals/Solar Cells/Fiber Optics • Electrical Troubleshooting • Electronic Circuit Repair To order additional titles please see Additional Resources at www.filmsmediagroup.com at the end of this guide.
    [Show full text]
  • Capacitors and Inductors
    DC Principles Study Unit Capacitors and Inductors By Robert Cecci In this text, you’ll learn about how capacitors and inductors operate in DC circuits. As an industrial electrician or elec- tronics technician, you’ll be likely to encounter capacitors and inductors in your everyday work. Capacitors and induc- tors are used in many types of industrial power supplies, Preview Preview motor drive systems, and on most industrial electronics printed circuit boards. When you complete this study unit, you’ll be able to • Explain how a capacitor holds a charge • Describe common types of capacitors • Identify capacitor ratings • Calculate the total capacitance of a circuit containing capacitors connected in series or in parallel • Calculate the time constant of a resistance-capacitance (RC) circuit • Explain how inductors are constructed and describe their rating system • Describe how an inductor can regulate the flow of cur- rent in a DC circuit • Calculate the total inductance of a circuit containing inductors connected in series or parallel • Calculate the time constant of a resistance-inductance (RL) circuit Electronics Workbench is a registered trademark, property of Interactive Image Technologies Ltd. and used with permission. You’ll see the symbol shown above at several locations throughout this study unit. This symbol is the logo of Electronics Workbench, a computer-simulated electronics laboratory. The appearance of this symbol in the text mar- gin signals that there’s an Electronics Workbench lab experiment associated with that section of the text. If your program includes Elec tronics Workbench as a part of your iii learning experience, you’ll receive an experiment lab book that describes your Electronics Workbench assignments.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of a Vertical Axis Tidal Current Turbine
    The development of a vertical axis tidal current turbine Daniel Brinck Nicklas Jeremejeff Master of Science Thesis KTH School of Industrial Engineering and Management Energy Technology EGI-2013-090 Division of Energy Technology SE-100 44 STOCKHOLM Master of Science Thesis EGI 2013:090 The development of a vertical axis tidal current turbine Daniel Brinck Nicklas Jeremejeff Approved Examiner Supervisor Joachim Claesson Peter Kjaerboe Commissioner Contact person Subsea Technology Scandinavia AB Peter Lindberg Abstract Globally the amount of electricity produced each year is increasing significantly. Between 1980 and 2010 the average increase was 407 billion kWh per year. To be able to meet this increasing electricity demand, without burdening the environment in a too large extent, the research and development of renewable energy production techniques is of great importance. In the light of this we wanted to dedicate our master thesis to help Subsea Technology Scandinavia AB with the development of a vertical axis tidal current turbine. The project set out to do the initial design proposal of a 2 x 4 meter H-shaped Darrieus turbine by applying the Double Multiple Streamtube model. The optimization process was performed with the aid of MATLAB for four different foils. The study included two symmetrical foils; NACA 0012 and S-1046 together with two asymmetrical foils; S-1210 and E216. The parameters studied were the number of blades, chord length, tip speed ratio, fixed pitch and the operational range. In the project, effects such as blade to wake interaction, torque fluctuations etc. were also considered. From the simulations the two bladed turbine fitted with the S-1046 hydrofoil showed the highest performance but was struggling with an unfavorable oscillating torque.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11
    United States Patent (19) 11. Patent Number: 4,503,479 Otsuka et al. 45 Date of Patent: Mar. 5, 1985 54 ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT FOR VEHICLES, 4,244,050 1/1981 Weber et al. .............. 364/431.11 X HAVING A FAIL SAFE FUNCTION FOR 4,245,150 1/1981 Driscoll et al. ................... 361/92 X ABNORMALITY IN SUPPLY VOLTAGE 4,306,270 12/1981 Miller et al. ...... ... 361/90 X 4,327,397 4/1982 McCleery ............................. 361/90 75) Inventors: Kazuo Otsuka, Higashikurume; Shin 4,348,727 9/1982 Kobayashi et al.............. 123/480 X Narasaka, Yono; Shumpei Hasegawa, Niiza, all of Japan OTHER PUBLICATIONS 73 Assignee: Honda Motor Co., Ltd., Tokyo, #18414, Res. Disclosure, Great Britain, No. 184, Aug. Japan 1979. Electronic Design; "Simple Circuit Checks Power-S- 21 Appl. No.: 528,236 upply Faults'; Lindberg, pp. 57-63, Aug. 2, 1980. (22 Filed: Aug. 31, 1983 Primary Examiner-Reinhard J. Eisenzopf Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Arthur L. Lessler Related U.S. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT 63 Continuation of Ser. No. 297,998, Aug. 31, 1981, aban doned. An electronic circuit for use in a vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine. The electronic circuit (30) Foreign Application Priority Data comprises a constant-voltage regulated power-supply Sep. 4, 1980 (JP) Japan ................................ 55.122594 circuit, a control circuit having a central processing unit 51) Int. Cl. ......................... H02H 3/20; HO2H 3/24 for controlling electrical apparatus installed in the vehi 52 U.S. Cl. ...................................... 361/90; 123/480; cle, and a detecting circuit for detecting variations in 340/661; 364/431.11 supply voltage supplied from the power-supply circuit.
    [Show full text]
  • Elp -Discography
    ELP Discography ELP -DISCOGRAPHY- (1970 - 2002) NOTE: THIS DISCOGRAPHY and SONG LIST is BASED ON MY OWN COLLECTION, plus LATEST INFO FROM WEBSITES (inc. DISCOGRAPHY ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED by ELP DIGEST) and “THE SHOW THAT NEVER ENDS…” A MUSICAL BIOGRAPHY (by FORRESTER, HANSON & ASKEW) DICOGRAPHY covers ALL KNOWN ALBUMS, SINGLES and VIDEOS by EMERSON, LAKE and PALMER (either TOGETHER or INDIVIDUALLY), ordered CHRONOLOGICALLY between the Years 1970 to 2002 Clive ffitch (a fan!) Logo/Link to Official ELP Global Web Site SUMMARY: ALL ALBUMS / CDs (inc. ELPowell and Three) ALL SINGLES + ALBUMS - KEITH EMERSON + ALBUMS - GREG LAKE + ALBUMS - CARL PALMER + ALL ELP VIDEOS + THE BOOK! Page 1 ELP Discography ELP - THE COLLECTION TITLES: ELP ALBUMS / CDs (inc. ELPowell and Three): ELP SINGLES (inc. Individuals): Vinyl CD Vinyl CD (excluding other Promo’s) [ ] [ ] 1. Emerson Lake and Palmer [ ] 1. Lucky Man / Knife Edge [ ] [ ] 2. Tarkus [ ] 2. Take a Pebble / Lucky Man [ ] [ ] 3. Pictures at an Exhibition [ ] 3. Stones of Years / A Time... [ ] [ ] 4. Trilogy [ ] 4. Nutrocker / Great Gates... [ ] [ ] 5. Brain Salad Surgery [ ] 5. From the Beginning / Living... [ ] [ ] 6. Welcome Back My Friends [ ] 6. Brain Salad (NME Floppie) [ ] [ ] 7. Works Vol.I [ ] 7. Jerusalem / Apple Blossom... [ ] [ ] 8. Works Vol.II [ ] 8. Still... You Turn Me On / Brain [ ] [ ] 9. Love Beach [ ] [ ] 9. I Believe in Father Xmas (L) [ ]. 10. In Concert (re-issued as Works Live) [ ] 10. Honky Tonk Train Blues (E) [ ] [ ] 11. The Best of ELP (1980) [ ] [ ] 11. Fanfare for Common Man [ ] [ ] 12. Emerson Lake and Powell (ELPo) [ ] 12. C’est La Vie (L) [ ] [ ] 13. To the Power of Three (Three) [ ] 13. All I Want is You / Tiger..
    [Show full text]
  • Forms of Intertextuality: Keith Emerson’S Development As a “Crossover” Musician
    FORMS OF INTERTEXTUALITY: KEITH EMERSON’S DEVELOPMENT AS A “CROSSOVER” MUSICIAN Akitsugu Kawamoto A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Musicology in the Department of Music. Chapel Hill 2006 Approved by Advisor: John Covach Reader: John Nádas Reader: Severine Neff Reader: Allen Anderson Reader: David Garcia © 2006 Akitsugu Kawamoto ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT AKITSUGU KAWAMOTO: Forms of Intertextuality: Keith Emerson’s Development as a “Crossover” Musician (Under the direction of John Covach) Despite the broad range of attempts to mix “rock” and “classical” music by “progressive (“prog”) rock” musicians from the late 1960s, many writers on prog rock have interpreted the music in a relatively monolithic manner; they often have interpreted the resulting intertextuality simplistically as an elitist experiment that opposes rock’s populist origin. This could certainly be one interpretation of prog, but it is only one of many; there are additional kinds of possible narratives, according to the specific ways in which the materials are combined and fused. Yet the variety of intertextual approaches has rarely been recognized explicitly, and little analytical or musicological attention has been paid to the distinctly different intertextual styles. Generalized approaches to intertextuality have been common not only within popular music studies, however, but also within many humanistic fields. Since Julia Kristeva’s coinage of the term intertextuality in the late 1960s, theorists of the arts (literature, music, painting, architecture, etc.), sociology, politics, economics, and many other fields, have almost always treated intertextuality in a singular manner, presuming that all intertextual practices are more or less of the same kind.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital and System Design
    Digital System Design — Use of Microcontroller RIVER PUBLISHERS SERIES IN SIGNAL, IMAGE & SPEECH PROCESSING Volume 2 Consulting Series Editors Prof. Shinsuke Hara Osaka City University Japan The Field of Interest are the theory and application of filtering, coding, trans- mitting, estimating, detecting, analyzing, recognizing, synthesizing, record- ing, and reproducing signals by digital or analog devices or techniques. The term “signal” includes audio, video, speech, image, communication, geophys- ical, sonar, radar, medical, musical, and other signals. • Signal Processing • Image Processing • Speech Processing For a list of other books in this series, see final page. Digital System Design — Use of Microcontroller Dawoud Shenouda Dawoud R. Peplow University of Kwa-Zulu Natal Aalborg Published, sold and distributed by: River Publishers PO box 1657 Algade 42 9000 Aalborg Denmark Tel.: +4536953197 EISBN: 978-87-93102-29-3 ISBN:978-87-92329-40-0 © 2010 River Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publishers. Dedication To Nadia, Dalia, Dina and Peter D.S.D To Eleanor and Caitlin R.P. v This page intentionally left blank Preface Electronic circuit design is not a new activity; there have always been good designers who create good electronic circuits. For a long time, designers used discrete components to build first analogue and then digital systems. The main components for many years were: resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors and so on. The primary concern of the designer was functionality however, once functionality has been met, the designer’s goal is then to enhance per- formance.
    [Show full text]
  • Parasitic Oscillation (Power MOSFET Paralleling)
    MOSFET Parallening (Parasitic Oscillation between Parallel Power MOSFETs) Description This document explains structures and characteristics of power MOSFETs. © 2017 - 2018 1 2018-07-26 Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Corporation Table of Contents Description ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................. 2 1. Parallel operation of MOSFETs ........................................................................................................... 3 2. Current imbalance caused by a mismatch in device characteristics (parallel operation) ..................... 3 2.1. Current imbalance in steady-state operation ......................................................................................... 3 2.2. Current imbalance during switching transitions ............................................................................. 3 3. Parasitic oscillation (parallel operation) ............................................................................................... 4 3.1. Gate voltage oscillation caused by drain-source voltage oscillation ........................................... 4 3.2. Parasitic oscillation of parallel MOSFETs .......................................................................................... 5 3.2.1. Preventing parasitic oscillation of parallel MOSFETs ..............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Whole Numbers
    Unit 1: Whole Numbers 1.1.1 Place Value and Names for Whole Numbers Learning Objective(s) 1 Find the place value of a digit in a whole number. 2 Write a whole number in words and in standard form. 3 Write a whole number in expanded form. Introduction Mathematics involves solving problems that involve numbers. We will work with whole numbers, which are any of the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on. We first need to have a thorough understanding of the number system we use. Suppose the scientists preparing a lunar command module know it has to travel 382,564 kilometers to get to the moon. How well would they do if they didn’t understand this number? Would it make more of a difference if the 8 was off by 1 or if the 4 was off by 1? In this section, you will take a look at digits and place value. You will also learn how to write whole numbers in words, standard form, and expanded form based on the place values of their digits. The Number System Objective 1 A digit is one of the symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9. All numbers are made up of one or more digits. Numbers such as 2 have one digit, whereas numbers such as 89 have two digits. To understand what a number really means, you need to understand what the digits represent in a given number. The position of each digit in a number tells its value, or place value.
    [Show full text]