The United States Government Manual 2011 Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration GOVMAN.indb i 7/26/2011 12:55:15 PM Revised March 14, 2011 Raymond A. Mosley, Director of the Federal Register. David S. Ferriero, Archivist of the United States. On the cover: This edition of The United States Government Manual marks the 75th anniversary of the Federal Register and celebrates its role as the official journal of the rules and regulations, notices, and Presidential documents of the Federal government of the United States of America. The cover features the majestic stone eagle from the National Archives Building in Washington, DC, designed by noted architect John Russell Pope. Symbolic of protection, the eagle serves as a reminder of the National Archives and Records Administration’s role as guardian of this Nation’s records, and thus served as the inspiration for NARA’s new agency logo. On the back, the design incorporates text from the very first document published in the Federal Register. Before the advent of the Federal Register, American citizens had no single, authoritative source of information about their legal rights and responsibilities under Federal agency programs. Since, March 14, 1936, the Federal Register has been published, every Federal business day, to provide public notice of the regulatory activities and official documents of the Federal executive branch agencies and the President. Final rules published in the Federal Register are ultimately codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, a related publication of the Office of the Federal Register, which is part of the National Archives. With the aid of rapidly changing technology, on its 75th anniversary, the Federal Register has transformed itself from a print-only publication to include the online publication known as Federal Register 2.0 (FR 2.0). On July 26, 2010, the National Archives Office of the Federal Register and the Government Printing Office launched FR 2.0 on FederalRegister.gov. The FR 2.0 web site is similar to a daily web newspaper. The site displays individual news sections for the topics of money, environment, world, science and technology, business and industry, and health and public welfare. FR 2.0 takes advantage of social media and integrates seamlessly with Regulations.gov and the Unified Agenda to make it easy for users to submit comments directly into the official e-Rulemaking docket and view the history of rulemaking activity through a regulatory timeline. The next phase in its evolution is the development of a mobile application for displaying the Federal Register on smartphones and tablet devices. We extend special thanks to the Creative and Digital Media Services at the Government Printing Office for its artistic contributions in designing the cover. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 ISBN 978–0–16–087470–3 ii GOVMAN.indb ii 7/26/2011 12:56:16 PM Preface As the official handbook of the Federal Government, The United States Government Manual provides comprehensive information on the agencies of the legislative, judicial, and executive branches. The Manual also includes information on quasi- official agencies; international organizations in which the United States participates; and boards, commissions, and committees. A typical agency description includes a list of principal officials, a summary statement of the agency’s purpose and role in the Federal Government, a brief history of the agency, including its legislative or executive authority, a description of its programs and activities, and a “Sources of Information” section. This last section provides information on consumer activities, contracts and grants, employment, publications, and many other areas of public interest. The Manual is also currently available and periodically updated on its own website. The U.S. Government Manual website (usgovernmentmanual.gov) is jointly administered by the Office of the Federal Register (OFR)/Government Printing Office (GPO) partnership. The website offers three ways to find information about Government agencies and organizations by entering a term in the keyword search box, browsing categories, or using “The Government of the United States” site map for an overview of the Government. The 2011 Manual was prepared by the Presidential and Legislative Publications Unit, Office of the Federal Register. Alfred W. Jones was Managing Editor; Matthew R. Regan was Chief Editor, assisted by Heather McDaniel, Lois Davis, Joseph Frankovic, Martin Franks, Joshua Liberatore, and Joseph Vetter. THE FEDERAL REGISTER AND ITS SPECIAL EDITIONS The Manual is published as a special edition of the Federal Register (see 1 CFR 9.1). Its focus is on programs and activities. Persons interested in detailed organizational structure, the regulatory documents of an agency, or Presidential documents should refer to the Federal Register or one of its other special editions, described below. Issued each Federal working day, the Federal Register provides a uniform system for publishing Presidential documents, regulatory documents with general applicability and legal effect, proposed rules, notices, and documents required to be published by statute. The Code of Federal Regulations is an annual codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register. The Code is divided into 50 titles that represent broad areas subject to Federal regulation. The Code is kept up to date by the individual issues of the Federal Register. The Compilation of Presidential Documents serves as a timely, up-to-date reference source for the public policies and activities of the President. It contains remarks, news conferences, messages, statements, and other Presidential material of a public nature issued by the White House. The Compilation of Presidential Documents collection is composed of the Daily Compilation of Presidential Documents and its predecessor, the Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents. A companion publication to the Compilation of Presidential Documents is the Public Papers of the Presidents, which contains public Presidential documents and speeches in convenient book form. Volumes of the Public Papers have been published iii GOVMAN.indb iii 7/26/2011 12:56:16 PM iv U.S. GOVERNMENT MANUAL for every President since Herbert Hoover, with the exception of Franklin D. Roosevelt, whose papers were published privately. OTHER OFFICE OF THE FEDERAL REGISTER PUBLICATIONS The Office of the Federal Register publishes slip laws, which are pamphlet prints of each public and private law enacted by Congress. Slip laws are compiled annually as the United States Statutes at Large. The Statutes volumes contain all public and private laws and concurrent resolutions enacted during a session of Congress; recommendations for executive, legislative, and judicial salaries; reorganization plans; proposed and ratified amendments to the Constitution; and Presidential proclamations. Included with many of these documents are sidenotes, U.S. Code and statutes citations, and a summary of their legislative histories. ELECTRONIC SERVICES The Office of the Federal Register maintains an Internet site for public law numbers, the Federal Register’s public inspection list, and information on the Office and its activities at www.archives.gov/federal-register. This site also contains links to the texts of The United States Government Manual, public laws, the Compilation of Presidential Documents, the Federal Register, and the Code of Federal Regulations (both as officially published on a quarterly basis and a new unofficial, daily updated version, the e-CFR) in electronic format through the GPO’s Federal Digital System (FDsys) at www.fdsys.gov. For more information, contact the GPO Customer Contact Center, U.S. Government Printing Office. Phone, 202–512–1800, or 866–512–1800 (toll-free). Email, [email protected]. INQUIRIES For inquiries concerning The United States Government Manual and other publications of the Office of the Federal Register, call 202–741–6000, write to the Director, Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408, or email [email protected]. SALES The publications of the Office of the Federal Register are available for sale by writing to the Superintendent of Documents, P.O. Box 371954, Pittsburgh, PA 15250–7954. Publications are also available for sale through the GPO’s online bookstore at http:// bookstore.gpo.gov, the GPO bookstore located in Washington, DC, and the retail sales outlet in Laurel, MD. Telephone inquiries should be directed to 202–512–1800, 866–512–1800 (toll-free), or 202–512–2104 (fax). GOVMAN.indb iv 7/26/2011 12:56:16 PM Contents DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE .........................................................................1 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES ................................................................5 CHART: The Government of the United States .........................................................22 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH Congress....................................................................................................................25 The Senate .........................................................................................................27 The House of Representatives.............................................................................32 Architect