DOCSLIB.ORG

Party Abbreviations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Party Abbreviations abbrev full party name AFP AMERICAN FREEDOM PARTY AI AMERICAN INDEPENDENT AMC AMERICAN CONCERNED AMCH AMERICAN CHRISTIAN AME AMERICANS ELECT AMERICAN SOLIDARITY PARTY OF AMS CALIFORNIA ANR ANARCHIST ATP AMERICAN THIRD POSITION PARTY BOP B.O.P. (BALANCE OF POWER) CAA CONSCIOUS AMER. AFRICAN CAL CALIFORNIA PARTY CAM CONSTIT/AMERICAN CEN CENTRAL CGP CALIF GREEN PARTY CHP CHRISTIAN HERITAGE PARTY CIT CITIZENS MODERATE PARTY (PKA CALIFORNIA CMP MODERATE PARTY) CNP CALIFORNIA NATIONAL PARTY COM COMMUNIST CON CONSTITUTIONAL CP CHRISTIAN PARTY CPC CONSTITUTION PARTY OF CALIFORNIA CPP CANNABAS PARTY CSP COMMON SENSE PARTY CTP CONSERVATIVE PARTY CWP CALIFORNIA WOMEN'S PARTY DEM DEMOCRATIC DP DHARMA PARTY EGAL EGALITARIAN EJP EQUAL JUSTICE PARTY ENV ENVIRONMENTALIST FED FEDERALIST FRE FREE GFP GREEN FUTURE GGP GOOD GOVERNMENT PARTY GRN GREEN GSP GOLDEN STATE GTL GOD,TRUTH & LOVE HPC THE HUMANE PARTY OF CALIFORNIA HTN HUMANITARIAN HUM HUMANIST HWP THE HOGWASH PARTY ICP INDEPENDENT CALIFORNIA PARTY INP INDEPENDENT PROGRESSIVE IPA ISLAMIC POL PARTY OF AMERICA'S JP JUSTICE PARTY K9 K9 PARTY LBL LIBERAL LIB LIBERTARIAN LRU LA RAZA UNIDA MCL MIDDLE CLASS MCP THE MIDDLE CLASS PARTY MIS MISCELLANEOUS NAL NEW ALLIANCE NAT NATURAL LAW PARTY NAU NATIONAL UNITY NCM NO CORPORATE MONEY NCON NEW ECONOMY NESCI NEUROSCIENCE NEW NEW AMERICA POLITICAL PARTY NONE NO PARTY ENTERED NPAI XOVER NP TO AI NPDEM XOVER NP TO DEM NPLIB XOVER NP TO LIB NPP NO PARTY PREFERENCE NRP NEW REVOLUTION NTL NATIONAL LIBERTY NTP NATIONAL NWP NEW WORLD PARTY ONE ONE PARTY OP OPEN PARTY PARL PARLIAMENT PAT PATRIOTIC PF PEACE AND FREEDOM PFJ THE PEOPLE FOR JUSTICE PIR CALIFORNIA PIRATE PARTY POP POPULIST PARTY POT POT PARTY PP PROGRESSIVE PARTY PPC PEOPLES PARTY OF CALIF PPP POOR PEOPLES PARTY PRG PRAGMATIC PARTY PRO PROHIBITION PROH PROHIBITION PUR PURITAN PARTY RAR ROCK AND ROLL PARTY REAL REAL AMERICAN REF REFORM PARTY OF CALIFORNIA REP REPUBLICAN RWP RALLY WEST PARTY SCIE SCIENTIFIC EVOLVING SNP SUPERHAPPY NEUROSCIENCE PARTY SOC SOCIALIST SOD SOCIAL DEMOCRAT SOL SOCIALIST LABOR SOW SOCIALIST WORKER TAX U.S. TAXPAYERS PARTY TGP THE GOOD PARTY THP TRANSHUMANIST PARTY TVP TWELVE VISIONS PARTY OF CALIFORNIA UCBD UNIT. CONS. BUILD DREAM UCE UCES 3RD MAN UCS UCES' CLOWNS UMP UTOPIA MANIFESTO UN08 UNITY08 UNK UNKNOWN UNLM UNLIMITISM VPA VETERANS' PARTY OF AMERICA VSN VISION WFP WORKING FAMILIES OF CA WP WHIG PARTY WE LIKE WOMEN POLITICAL PARTY (PKA WE WWP LIKE WOMEN PARTY) abbrev full party name AFP AMERICAN FREEDOM PARTY AI AMERICAN INDEPENDENT AMC AMERICAN CONCERNED AMCH AMERICAN CHRISTIAN AME AMERICANS ELECT AMERICAN SOLIDARITY PARTY OF AMS CALIFORNIA ANR ANARCHIST ATP AMERICAN THIRD POSITION PARTY BOP B.O.P. (BALANCE OF POWER) CAA CONSCIOUS AMER. AFRICAN CAL CALIFORNIA PARTY CAM CONSTIT/AMERICAN CEN CENTRAL CGP CALIF GREEN PARTY CHP CHRISTIAN HERITAGE PARTY CIT CITIZENS MODERATE PARTY (PKA CALIFORNIA CMP MODERATE PARTY) CNP CALIFORNIA NATIONAL PARTY COM COMMUNIST CON CONSTITUTIONAL CP CHRISTIAN PARTY CPC CONSTITUTION PARTY OF CALIFORNIA CPP CANNABAS PARTY CSP COMMON SENSE PARTY CTP CONSERVATIVE PARTY CWP CALIFORNIA WOMEN'S PARTY DEM DEMOCRATIC DP DHARMA PARTY EGAL EGALITARIAN EJP EQUAL JUSTICE PARTY ENV ENVIRONMENTALIST FED FEDERALIST FRE FREE GFP GREEN FUTURE GGP GOOD GOVERNMENT PARTY GRN GREEN GSP GOLDEN STATE GTL GOD,TRUTH & LOVE HPC THE HUMANE PARTY OF CALIFORNIA HTN HUMANITARIAN HUM HUMANIST HWP THE HOGWASH PARTY ICP INDEPENDENT CALIFORNIA PARTY INP INDEPENDENT PROGRESSIVE IPA ISLAMIC POL PARTY OF AMERICA'S JP JUSTICE PARTY K9 K9 PARTY LBL LIBERAL LIB LIBERTARIAN LRU LA RAZA UNIDA MCL MIDDLE CLASS MCP THE MIDDLE CLASS PARTY MIS MISCELLANEOUS NAL NEW ALLIANCE NAT NATURAL LAW PARTY NAU NATIONAL UNITY NCM NO CORPORATE MONEY NCON NEW ECONOMY NESCI NEUROSCIENCE NEW NEW AMERICA POLITICAL PARTY NONE NO PARTY ENTERED NPAI XOVER NP TO AI NPDEM XOVER NP TO DEM NPLIB XOVER NP TO LIB NPP NO PARTY PREFERENCE NRP NEW REVOLUTION NTL NATIONAL LIBERTY NTP NATIONAL NWP NEW WORLD PARTY ONE ONE PARTY OP OPEN PARTY PARL PARLIAMENT PAT PATRIOTIC PF PEACE AND FREEDOM PFJ THE PEOPLE FOR JUSTICE PIR CALIFORNIA PIRATE PARTY POP POPULIST PARTY POT POT PARTY PP PROGRESSIVE PARTY PPC PEOPLES PARTY OF CALIF PPP POOR PEOPLES PARTY PRG PRAGMATIC PARTY PRO PROHIBITION PROH PROHIBITION PUR PURITAN PARTY RAR ROCK AND ROLL PARTY REAL REAL AMERICAN REF REFORM PARTY OF CALIFORNIA REP REPUBLICAN RWP RALLY WEST PARTY SCIE SCIENTIFIC EVOLVING SNP SUPERHAPPY NEUROSCIENCE PARTY SOC SOCIALIST SOD SOCIAL DEMOCRAT SOL SOCIALIST LABOR SOW SOCIALIST WORKER TAX U.S. TAXPAYERS PARTY TGP THE GOOD PARTY THP TRANSHUMANIST PARTY TVP TWELVE VISIONS PARTY OF CALIFORNIA UCBD UNIT. CONS. BUILD DREAM UCE UCES 3RD MAN UCS UCES' CLOWNS UMP UTOPIA MANIFESTO UN08 UNITY08 UNK UNKNOWN UNLM UNLIMITISM VPA VETERANS' PARTY OF AMERICA VSN VISION WFP WORKING FAMILIES OF CA WP WHIG PARTY WE LIKE WOMEN POLITICAL PARTY (PKA WE WWP LIKE WOMEN PARTY) abbrev full party name AFP AMERICAN FREEDOM PARTY AI AMERICAN INDEPENDENT AMC AMERICAN CONCERNED AMCH AMERICAN CHRISTIAN AME AMERICANS ELECT AMERICAN SOLIDARITY PARTY OF AMS CALIFORNIA ANR ANARCHIST ATP AMERICAN THIRD POSITION PARTY BOP B.O.P. (BALANCE OF POWER) CAA CONSCIOUS AMER. AFRICAN CAL CALIFORNIA PARTY CAM CONSTIT/AMERICAN CEN CENTRAL CGP CALIF GREEN PARTY CHP CHRISTIAN HERITAGE PARTY CIT CITIZENS MODERATE PARTY (PKA CALIFORNIA CMP MODERATE PARTY) CNP CALIFORNIA NATIONAL PARTY COM COMMUNIST CON CONSTITUTIONAL CP CHRISTIAN PARTY CPC CONSTITUTION PARTY OF CALIFORNIA CPP CANNABAS PARTY CSP COMMON SENSE PARTY CTP CONSERVATIVE PARTY CWP CALIFORNIA WOMEN'S PARTY DEM DEMOCRATIC DP DHARMA PARTY EGAL EGALITARIAN EJP EQUAL JUSTICE PARTY ENV ENVIRONMENTALIST FED FEDERALIST FRE FREE GFP GREEN FUTURE GGP GOOD GOVERNMENT PARTY GRN GREEN GSP GOLDEN STATE GTL GOD,TRUTH & LOVE HPC THE HUMANE PARTY OF CALIFORNIA HTN HUMANITARIAN HUM HUMANIST HWP THE HOGWASH PARTY ICP INDEPENDENT CALIFORNIA PARTY INP INDEPENDENT PROGRESSIVE IPA ISLAMIC POL PARTY OF AMERICA'S JP JUSTICE PARTY K9 K9 PARTY LBL LIBERAL LIB LIBERTARIAN LRU LA RAZA UNIDA MCL MIDDLE CLASS MCP THE MIDDLE CLASS PARTY MIS MISCELLANEOUS NAL NEW ALLIANCE NAT NATURAL LAW PARTY NAU NATIONAL UNITY NCM NO CORPORATE MONEY NCON NEW ECONOMY NESCI NEUROSCIENCE NEW NEW AMERICA POLITICAL PARTY NONE NO PARTY ENTERED NPAI XOVER NP TO AI NPDEM XOVER NP TO DEM NPLIB XOVER NP TO LIB NPP NO PARTY PREFERENCE NRP NEW REVOLUTION NTL NATIONAL LIBERTY NTP NATIONAL NWP NEW WORLD PARTY ONE ONE PARTY OP OPEN PARTY PARL PARLIAMENT PAT PATRIOTIC PF PEACE AND FREEDOM PFJ THE PEOPLE FOR JUSTICE PIR CALIFORNIA PIRATE PARTY POP POPULIST PARTY POT POT PARTY PP PROGRESSIVE PARTY PPC PEOPLES PARTY OF CALIF PPP POOR PEOPLES PARTY PRG PRAGMATIC PARTY PRO PROHIBITION PROH PROHIBITION PUR PURITAN PARTY RAR ROCK AND ROLL PARTY REAL REAL AMERICAN REF REFORM PARTY OF CALIFORNIA REP REPUBLICAN RWP RALLY WEST PARTY SCIE SCIENTIFIC EVOLVING SNP SUPERHAPPY NEUROSCIENCE PARTY SOC SOCIALIST SOD SOCIAL DEMOCRAT SOL SOCIALIST LABOR SOW SOCIALIST WORKER TAX U.S. TAXPAYERS PARTY TGP THE GOOD PARTY THP TRANSHUMANIST PARTY TVP TWELVE VISIONS PARTY OF CALIFORNIA UCBD UNIT. CONS. BUILD DREAM UCE UCES 3RD MAN UCS UCES' CLOWNS UMP UTOPIA MANIFESTO UN08 UNITY08 UNK UNKNOWN UNLM UNLIMITISM VPA VETERANS' PARTY OF AMERICA VSN VISION WFP WORKING FAMILIES OF CA WP WHIG PARTY WE LIKE WOMEN POLITICAL PARTY (PKA WE WWP LIKE WOMEN PARTY) .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Your Enrollment As a Voter
    YOUR ENROLLMENT AS A VOTER When you register to vote, you may choose to enroll in a political party or political designation or may choose to remain “unenrolled,” which is commonly referred to as independent. Choosing to Enroll in a Political Party: There are two political parties in Massachusetts: Democratic Party (D), (617) 776-2676 Republican Party (R), (617) 523-5005 If you enroll in either of these two parties you may vote only in that party’s primary. Enrollment in a political party does not affect your right to vote in the general election. In the general election, all voters receive the same ballot and vote for the candidate of their choice, regardless of party enrollment. Choosing No Enrollment in a Political Party: If you do not wish to enroll in a party, check the box next to “No Party (unenrolled)” on the voter registration form. If you do not enroll in a party, you may still vote in state and presidential primaries by choosing a party ballot and will remain unenrolled, which is commonly referred to as “independent.” Choosing to Enroll in a Political Designation: In addition to the two “political parties” listed above, there are certain legal political designations in which you can enroll. Currently these are: Conservative Party (A) Prohibition Party (P) Natural Law Party (B) American Independent Party (Q) New World Council (C) Socialist (S) Reform Party (E) Interdependent 3rd Party (T) Rainbow Coalition (F) America First Party (V) Green Party USA (G) Veterans Party America (W) We the People (H) Pirate (X) Constitution Party (K) World Citizens Party (Y) Green-Rainbow (J) Working Families (Z) Libertarian Party (L) Pizza Party (AA) Timesizing Not Downsizing (M) American Term Limits (BB) New Alliance Party (N) United Independent Party (CC) Massachusetts Independent Party (O) If you enroll in any political designation you may not vote in any state or presidential primary.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations
    Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations Updated November 9, 2020 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov R41368 SUMMARY R41368 Turkey: Background and U.S. Relations November 9, 2020 U.S.-Turkey tensions have raised questions about the future of bilateral relations and have led to congressional action against Turkey, including informal holds on major new Jim Zanotti arms sales (such as upgrades to F-16 aircraft) and efforts to impose sanctions. Specialist in Middle Nevertheless, both countries’ officials emphasize the importance of continued U.S.- Eastern Affairs Turkey cooperation and Turkey’s membership in NATO. Observers voice concerns about the largely authoritarian rule of Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan. Clayton Thomas Turkey’s polarized electorate could affect Erdogan’s future leadership. His biggest Analyst in Middle Eastern challenge may be structural weaknesses in Turkey’s economy—including a sharp Affairs decline in Turkey’s currency—that have worsened since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic began. The following are key factors in the U.S.-Turkey relationship. Turkey’s strategic orientation and U.S./NATO basing. Traditionally, Turkey has relied closely on the United States and NATO for defense cooperation, European countries for trade and investment, and Russia and Iran for energy imports. A number of complicated situations in Turkey’s surrounding region—including those involving Syria, Libya, Nagorno-Karabakh (a region disputed by Armenia and Azerbaijan), and Eastern Mediterranean energy exploration—affect its relationships with the United States and other key actors, as Turkey seeks a more independent role. President Erdogan’s concerns about maintaining his parliamentary coalition with Turkish nationalists may partly explain his actions in some of the situations mentioned above.
    [Show full text]
  • Immigration Policymaking in the Newest Era of Nativist Populism
    IN SEARCH OF A NEW EQUILIBRIUM: IMMIGRATION POLICYMAKING IN THE NEWEST ERA OF NATIVisT POPULisM By Demetrios G. Papademetriou, Kate Hooper, and Meghan Benton TRANSATLANTIC COUNCIL ON MIGRATION IN SEARCH OF A NEW EQUILIBRIUM Immigration Policymaking in the Newest Era of Nativist Populism By Demetrios G. Papademetriou, Kate Hooper, and Meghan Benton November 2018 Acknowledgments This research was commissioned for the eighteenth plenary meeting of the Transatlantic Council on Migration, an initiative of the Migration Policy Institute (MPI), held in Stockholm in November 2017. The meeting’s theme was “The Future of Migration Policy in a Volatile Political Landscape,” and this report was one of several that informed the Council’s discussions. The authors are grateful for Lauren Shaw’s helpful edits and for research assistance from Brian Salant, Gonzaga Mbalungu, Jeffrey Hallock, and Jae June Lee. The Council is a unique deliberative body that examines vital policy issues and informs migration policymaking processes in North America and Europe. The Council’s work is generously supported by the following foundations and governments: the Open Society Foundations, Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Barrow Cadbury Trust, the Luso- American Development Foundation, the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, and the governments of Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and Sweden. For more on the Transatlantic Council on Migration, please visit: www.migrationpolicy.org/ transatlantic. © 2018 Migration Policy Institute. All Rights Reserved. Cover Design: April Siruno, MPI Layout: Sara Staedicke, MPI No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Migration Policy Institute.
    [Show full text]
  • Candidates Prepare for Final Showdown
    Matawan holds onto lead in Register Top Ten, 1B MONMOUTH COUNTY'S HOMETOWN NEWSPAPER SINCE 1878 ister )AY. NOV 8. 1988 VOL. 111 NO. .13 25 i Lawyer: Hunt Meet Candidates prepare not legal for final showdown By VIRGINIA KEMTDORRI8 bid to topple incumbent U.S. Sen. Frank Lautenberg. THE REGISTER BySEAMUSMcORAW The latest Eagleton poll, however, gives Lautenberg a THE REGISTER solid 12-point lead over the one-time Heisman Tro- phy winner and Rhodes scholar. MIDDLETOWN — The state On the congressional level, the race to fill How- Attorney General's Office will Politicians and campaign workers spent much of ard's seat — in which Libertarian Laura Stewart it look into whether the annual Hunt yesterday in a last-minute push before today's general also a candidate — has drawn national attention, in Race Meet operates legally be- election. pan because it is one of the few seats nationwide with cause of inquiries made by local "We've been out all weekend," said Wendy Do- no incumbent. attorney Larry S. Loigman. nath, a spokesman for 3rd Congressional District The picture is further complicated by the fact that Loigman, who has vowed to hopeful Joseph Azzolina. with Howard's death and the resignation of Demo- "make sure that this year's hunt is Azzolina is hoping to top Democratic state Sen. cratic Rep. Peter Rodino of Newark, the state's pres- the last one," last month contacted Frank Pallone in the race to fill the seat left vacant by tige level in Congress is reported to be on the decline.
    [Show full text]
  • Revalidating Participation: Power and Pre - Figurative Politics Within Contemporary Leftwing Movements
    Bart Cammaerts Revalidating participation: power and pre - figurative politics within contemporary leftwing movements Book section Original citation: Cammaerts, Bart (2019) Revalidating participation: power and pre -figurative politics within contemporary leftwing movements. In: Carpentier, Nico, (ed.) Respublika!: Experiments in the performance of participation and democracy. NeMe, Limassol, Cyprus, pp. 126-137. ISBN 9789963969586 © 2019 The Author This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/91502 Available in LSE Research Online: January 2019 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors a nd/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL ( http://eprints.lse.ac.uk ) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s submitted version of the book section. There may be differences between this ve rsion and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Revalidating Participation: Power and Pre-Figurative Politics within Contemporary Leftwing Movements 1 Bart Cammaerts London School of Economics and Political Science Introduction ‘Practice what you preach’ is a popular idiom not only within progressive politics, but also beyond, and this idea is also encapsulated in the famous Mahatma Gandhi quote: ‘If you want to change the world, start with yourself’.
    [Show full text]
  • Codebook Indiveu – Party Preferences
    Codebook InDivEU – party preferences European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies December 2020 Introduction The “InDivEU – party preferences” dataset provides data on the positions of more than 400 parties from 28 countries1 on questions of (differentiated) European integration. The dataset comprises a selection of party positions taken from two existing datasets: (1) The EU Profiler/euandi Trend File The EU Profiler/euandi Trend File contains party positions for three rounds of European Parliament elections (2009, 2014, and 2019). Party positions were determined in an iterative process of party self-placement and expert judgement. For more information: https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/65944 (2) The Chapel Hill Expert Survey The Chapel Hill Expert Survey contains party positions for the national elections most closely corresponding the European Parliament elections of 2009, 2014, 2019. Party positions were determined by expert judgement. For more information: https://www.chesdata.eu/ Three additional party positions, related to DI-specific questions, are included in the dataset. These positions were determined by experts involved in the 2019 edition of euandi after the elections took place. The inclusion of party positions in the “InDivEU – party preferences” is limited to the following issues: - General questions about the EU - Questions about EU policy - Questions about differentiated integration - Questions about party ideology 1 This includes all 27 member states of the European Union in 2020, plus the United Kingdom. How to Cite When using the ‘InDivEU – Party Preferences’ dataset, please cite all of the following three articles: 1. Reiljan, Andres, Frederico Ferreira da Silva, Lorenzo Cicchi, Diego Garzia, Alexander H.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkey 2020 Human Rights Report
    TURKEY 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Turkey is a constitutional republic with an executive presidential system and a unicameral 600-seat parliament (the Grand National Assembly). In presidential and parliamentary elections in 2018, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe observers expressed concern regarding restrictions on media reporting and the campaign environment, including the jailing of a presidential candidate that restricted the ability of opposition candidates to compete on an equal basis and campaign freely. The National Police and Jandarma, under the control of the Ministry of Interior, are responsible for security in urban areas and rural and border areas, respectively. The military has overall responsibility for border control and external security. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over law enforcement officials, but mechanisms to investigate and punish abuse and corruption remained inadequate. Members of the security forces committed some abuses. Under broad antiterror legislation passed in 2018 the government continued to restrict fundamental freedoms and compromised the rule of law. Since the 2016 coup attempt, authorities have dismissed or suspended more than 60,000 police and military personnel and approximately 125,000 civil servants, dismissed one-third of the judiciary, arrested or imprisoned more than 90,000 citizens, and closed more than 1,500 nongovernmental organizations on terrorism-related grounds, primarily for alleged ties to the movement of cleric Fethullah Gulen, whom the government accused of masterminding the coup attempt and designated as the leader of the “Fethullah Terrorist Organization.” Significant human rights issues included: reports of arbitrary killings; suspicious deaths of persons in custody; forced disappearances; torture; arbitrary arrest and continued detention of tens of thousands of persons, including opposition politicians and former members of parliament, lawyers, journalists, human rights activists, and employees of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution
    Cultural Diplomacy and Conflict Resolution Introduction In his poem, The Second Coming (1919), William Butler Yeats captured the moment we are now experiencing: Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world, The blood-dimmed tide is loosed, and everywhere The ceremony of innocence is drowned; The best lack all conviction, while the worst Are full of passionate intensity. As we see the deterioration of the institutions created and fostered after the Second World War to create a climate in which peace and prosperity could flourish in Europe and beyond, it is important to understand the role played by diplomacy in securing the stability and strengthening the shared values of freedom and democracy that have marked this era for the nations of the world. It is most instructive to read the Inaugural Address of President John F. Kennedy, in which he encouraged Americans not only to do good things for their own country, but to do good things in the world. The creation of the Peace Corps is an example of the kind of spirit that put young American volunteers into some of the poorest nations in an effort to improve the standard of living for people around the globe. We knew we were leaders; we knew that we had many political and economic and social advantages. There was an impetus to share this wealth. Generosity, not greed, was the motivation of that generation. Of course, this did not begin with Kennedy. It was preceded by the Marshall Plan, one of the only times in history that the conqueror decided to rebuild the country of the vanquished foe.
    [Show full text]
  • INTERSPECIES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: Intersectional Empathetic Approaches to Food and Climate Justice
    1 INTERSPECIES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: intersectional empathetic approaches to food and climate justice A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Policy and Governance at the University of Canterbury Éilis Rose Espiner i “He aroha whakatō, he aroha puta mai” (where kindness is sown, kindness will be received) ii Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................................. iv Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................. v Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 0 What is Sustainable Development? .................................................................................................... 1 Literature Review ................................................................................................................................ 2 Theory ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Chapter one: environmental impacts of current food system ............................................................. 11 Inefficient consumption patterns ..................................................................................................... 11 Resource-intensive ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • House of Representatives By-Elections 1901–2014
    RESEARCH PAPER SERIES, 2017–18 5 MARCH 2018 House of Representatives by-elections: 1901–2017 Stephen Barber Statistics and Mapping Section Executive summary This paper provides details of House of Representatives by-elections, from that held for Darling Downs on 14 September 1901 to the most recent held on 16 December 2017 for Bennelong. The following observations can be made about those by-elections: • there have been 151 by-elections, an average of 3.4 per parliament • the average number of nominations has grown over the years from 2.2 per by-election to 12.0 per by- election • in only four cases was a by-election contested by just a single candidate • an increasing tendency has been for governments to avoid contesting by-elections in their opponents’ safe seats • in only ten cases have the opposition party failed to contest a by-election • seventy-six of the by-elections followed the resignation of the member, 68 members died in office, there have been six voided elections, and one MP was expelled from the House • since 1949 resignations account for almost two-thirds of by-elections and over half the resignations have occurred in safe seats • on 35 occasions the party complexion of a seat has altered at a by-election • five of the losses have been by the opposition of the day • the average two-party preferred swing against the government of the day has been 3.8 per cent • since 1949 the largest two-party swing against a government occurred against Labor in Canberra in 1995. The largest swing to a government occurred to the Coalition in McPherson in 1981.
    [Show full text]
  • Protecting Cultural Heritage As a Common Good of Humanity: a Challenge for Criminal Justice
    International Scientific and Professional Advisory Council of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme PROTECTING CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A COMMON GOOD OF HUMANITY: A CHALLENGE FOR CRIMINAL JUSTICE Edited by Stefano Manacorda Arianna Visconti Selected papers and contributions from the international Conference on «Protecting Cultural Heritage as a Common Good of Humanity: A Challenge for Criminal Justice» Courmayeur Mont Blanc, Italy 13-15 December 2013 STEFANO MANACORDA Professor of Criminal Law, University of Naples II, Italy; Visiting Professor, Queen Mary University of London, UK; ISPAC Deputy Chair and Director ARIANNA VISCONTI Researcher in Criminal Law, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy ISBN 978-88-96410-03-5 © ISPAC, 2014 Via Palestro 12, 20121 Milano, Italy; phone: +39-02-86460714; E-mail: [email protected] ; Web Site: http://ispac.cnpds.org/ The views and opinions expressed in this volume are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the United Nations or the organizations with which the authors are affiliated. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by print, photocopy, microfilm or any other means without prior written permission from CNPDS/ISPAC. Acknowledgements ISPAC wishes to thank the “Fondazione Centro Internazionale su Diritto, Società e Economia” and its President, Dr. Lodovico Passerin d’Entrèves, for their generous contribution towards the publication of this book. CONTENTS Preface STEFANO MANACORDA p. 9 Keynote Address JOHN SANDAGE p. 17 Part I – Illegal Traffic in Cultural Property: The Need for Reform Patrimonio culturale e beni comuni: un nuovo compito per la comunità internazionale UGO MATTEI p.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenger Party List
    Appendix List of Challenger Parties Operationalization of Challenger Parties A party is considered a challenger party if in any given year it has not been a member of a central government after 1930. A party is considered a dominant party if in any given year it has been part of a central government after 1930. Only parties with ministers in cabinet are considered to be members of a central government. A party ceases to be a challenger party once it enters central government (in the election immediately preceding entry into office, it is classified as a challenger party). Participation in a national war/crisis cabinets and national unity governments (e.g., Communists in France’s provisional government) does not in itself qualify a party as a dominant party. A dominant party will continue to be considered a dominant party after merging with a challenger party, but a party will be considered a challenger party if it splits from a dominant party. Using this definition, the following parties were challenger parties in Western Europe in the period under investigation (1950–2017). The parties that became dominant parties during the period are indicated with an asterisk. Last election in dataset Country Party Party name (as abbreviation challenger party) Austria ALÖ Alternative List Austria 1983 DU The Independents—Lugner’s List 1999 FPÖ Freedom Party of Austria 1983 * Fritz The Citizens’ Forum Austria 2008 Grüne The Greens—The Green Alternative 2017 LiF Liberal Forum 2008 Martin Hans-Peter Martin’s List 2006 Nein No—Citizens’ Initiative against
    [Show full text]