DOCSLIB.ORG

United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Southern Research Station General Technical Report SRS–161 July 2012 Lafayette, Russell; Brooks, Maureen T.; Potyondy, John P.; Audin, Lisa; Krieger, Suzanne L.; Trettin, Carl C. Eds. 2012. Cumulative watershed effects of fuel management in the Eastern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-161. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 327 p. AbstrAct As a result of effective fire suppression activities over the last 75 years and a reduction in timber harvesting on the national forests, biomass has accumulated increasing the susceptibility of large and more severe wildfires. Reducing accumulated fuels is now a major management objective on the national forests. A combination of traditional silvicultural treatments such as prescribed fire and thinning and new innovations are needed to address the myriad of site conditions. Effective fuels management should improve the health of the watershed ensuring the sustainability of the goods and services that are derived from the landscape. However, since fuels management necessarily interacts with other land management considerations and often requires periodic treatments, assessing the cumulative effects can be daunting. This volume and a companion volume focusing on the Western United States (Elliott and others 2010) were designed to provide land managers with a synthesis of the science to support an assessment of the cumulative effects of fuels treatments on forested watersheds in the conterminous United States. This volume is organized to into three sections, an overview of the biophysiography of the Eastern United States, consideration of ecosystem components and how fuel treatments may affect specific processes or properties, and the third section synthesizes fuels management practices and effects in the major ecosystem types of the region. The findings provide a sound foundation for assessing the ecological effects of fuels management practices. By necessity much of the information is derived from the literature on silvicultural effects on ecosystem functions; however the authors have interpreted that work from the perspective of fuels management prescriptions. Similarly, fuels management prescriptions are evolving; accordingly, the intent is to convey the science in a way that it will be relevant to new approaches. These chapters are derived through a synthesis of well-founded research and experience, providing a much needed reference on the cumulative watershed effects of fuels management practices. Keywords: Biomass, cumulative watershed effects, environmental impact, forest fuels, fuel management, prescribed fire. Disclaimer: The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader informa- tion and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service. July 2012 Southern Research Station 200 W.T. Weaver Blvd. Asheville, NC 28804 www.srs.fs.usda.gov Foreword This volume is the result of a major interdisciplinary effort to synthesize our understanding of the cumulative watershed effects of fuel management in eastern forests. It is intended primarily for national forest field personnel who must develop credible National Environmental Policy Act documents that contain the most current available knowledge of the direct, indirect, and cumulative effects of fuels treatments on a wide variety of resources, including watershed resources. It should also prove useful to land managers in forest industry and other private forest ownerships. Although the literature contains significant information on intense but localized effects of fire (primarily wildfire), vegetation management, and similar treatments, little information exists on less intense but extensive fuels treatment effects. To fill this knowledge gap, the Rocky Mountain Research Station (Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture) hosted a national workshop in April 2005 in Utah to assess the status of knowledge and outline research needs to fill knowledge gaps. All but four of the participants were from the West and little information addressing eastern knowledge and needs was presented. A second workshop to address eastern issues was held in July 2006 in Georgia. The workshop was a collaborative effort of the Stream Systems Technology Center, Rocky Mountain Research Station (John Potyondy), Southern Research Station (Carl Trettin), Eastern Region (Russ LaFayette), Southern Region (Suzanne Krieger), and State and Private Forestry (Maureen Brooks). This volume is a testament to what can be accomplished when National Forest Systems, Research and Development, and State and Private Forestry programs of the Forest Service pool their resources and work collaboratively to achieve a common goal. The resulting volume is the product of more than 25 authors and 62 reviewers including scientists from Forest Service Research Stations and several universities. Over a four-year period, authors drafted chapters that were peer-reviewed and edited. This synthesis is organized somewhat differently from its western counterpart.1 The eastern volume begins by providing background material for context and then discusses fuel management activities grouped by ecological divisions followed by the physical, chemical, and economic consequences of fuel treatments and methods for analyzing cumulative watershed effects. The other editors and I are grateful to all authors and reviewers for their considerable efforts and patience in the development of this volume. Special recognition is owed to Carl Trettin, Southern Research Station, and Russ LaFayette, Eastern Region, who advocated for an eastern volume and committed time and talent to make it a reality. We wish to also acknowledge Lisa Audin Duarte, with the support of Dr. Bill Elliot, who contributed greatly to this project. Lisa was one of the editors of the western volume and helped us organize the eastern volume for several years. And finally, Maureen Brooks kept the process on track after Lisa’s departure to a new assignment. As with all syntheses, new knowledge and new science will supersede the contents of this volume. Readers are encouraged to seek updated and locally derived information as needed. Readers are also encouraged to obtain a copy of the western volume for additional useful background perspectives on fuel management. My personal thanks go to all the authors, reviewers, my coeditors, and Southern Research Station publishing staff for the considerable effort necessary to develop and publish this synthesis. John P. Potyondy Program Manager Stream Systems Technology Center 1 Elliot, William J.; Miller, Ina Sue; Audin, Lisa. Eds. 2010. Cumulative watershed effects of fuel management in the Western United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-231. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 299 p. i Acknowledgments This volume represents the collective effort of many persons and organizations. In addition to those previously mentioned in the Foreword to this book, we would like to thank the Southern Research Station’s Science Delivery Group as led by Assistant Director Jennifer Plyler, and in particular the Group’s Technical Publications staff, with Gary Kuhlmann (Team Leader), Maureen Merriman, Donna Burnett, and Louise Wilde, for supporting the production and publication of this volume. We also appreciate Lee Moreland’s help in conducting the first round of technical editing, and Joyce VanDeWater for the cover design. ii contents Foreword i chApter1. Introduction to Synthesis of Current Science 1 Douglas F. Ryan, Russell LaFayette chApter2. Silviculture of Forests in the Eastern United States 7 Daniel C. Dey, John C. Brissette, Callie J. Schweitzer, James M. Guldin chApter3. Geographic Considerations for Fire Management 41 in the Eastern United States: Geomorphology and Topography, Soils, and Climate Barton D. Clinton, James M. Vose, Erika C. Cohen chApter4. The Human Context: Land Ownership, 68 Resource Uses, and Social Dynamics David N. Wear chApter5. The Hot Continental Division: Oak Forests, 82 Fire, and Ecosystem Management Frame Fuels Management Questions Susan L. Stout, Matthew B. Dickinson, Gregory J. Nowacki chApter6. Fuels Management in the Southern Appalachian 101 Mountains, Hot Continental Division Matthew J. Reilly, Thomas A. Waldrop, Joseph J. O’Brien chApter7. Fuel Management in the Subtropical 117 and Savanna Divisions Kenneth W. Outcalt chApter8. Fuels Management in the Subtropical 150 Mountains Division James M. Guldin chApter9. Ecology and Management of the Prairie Division 175 Roger C. Anderson chApter10. Cumulative Effects of Fuel Management 202 on the Soils of Eastern U.S. Watersheds Mac A. Callaham, Jr., D. Andrew Scott, Joseph J. O’Brien, John A. Stanturf iii chApter11. Water Yield and Hydrology 229 Pamela J. Edwards, Charles A. Troendle chApter12. Effects of Fire and Fuels Management 282 on Water Quality in Eastern North America R.K. Kolka chApter13. Economic Analysis of Fuel Treatments 294 D. Evan Mercer, Jeffrey P. Prestemon chApter14. Methods Used for Analyzing the Cumulative 308 Watershed Effects of Fuel Management on Sediment in the Eastern United States Daniel A. Marion, J. Alan Clingenpeel Appendix. Author Information 327 iv Chapter 1. Introduction to Synthesis of Current Science Douglas F. Ryan, Russell LaFayette Preparation of this report was commissioned to a group of scientists and land man- agers by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, for
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Briefs for the Files
    IES O E IES HARRY E. LeGRAND JR. (All dates 1984) COMMON LOON: At Lake Keowee, S.C., Douglas McNair counted 23 on 10 April, with a late bird there on 26 May. PIED-BILLED GREBE: An excellent inland count was 85, noted by Douglas McNair at Lake Keowee on 13 March. NORTHERN FULMAR: Apparently regular in early spring off the North Carolina coast, single birds (or the same individual) were noted 40 miles SSE of Beaufort Inlet on 7 April by Ricky Davis and party and on 12 April by Lloyd Davidson. BLACK-CAPPED PETREL: Ten were observed by Wayne Irvin, Dave Lee, and others on 3 March in the Gulf Stream off Cape Lookout, N.C. Very rare for South Carolina were four noted by Chris Haney on 11 May approximately 88 miles SE of Charleston. GREATER SHEARWATER: Rather early was one seen by Dennis Forsythe off Charleston on 7 May. MANX SHEARWATER: A good find was one, and possibly a second, off Cape Lookout on 3 March, as seen by Dave Lee, Harry LeGrand, and party. AUDUBON'S SHEARWATER: Chris Haney had an excellent total of 169 on 11 May off Charleston. WILSON'S STORM-PETREL: Dennis Forsythe observed one rather early on 7 May off Charleston. AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN: One was seen in the Morehead City, N.C., area on 15 March and for a week thereafter by Allyn Powell and others. Another was noted by Charlie Walters and Perry Nugent in Charleston harbor on 27 April. DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANT: Migrants inland continue to increase, and counts in triple digits are not unusual on some lakes.
    [Show full text]
  • North Carolina State Library Raleigh APPENDICIES to the SURVEY
    North Carolina State Library N.C. Raleigh OOCl. APPENDICIES TO THE SURVEY AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE CATAWBA RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES, NORTH CAROLINA Darrell E. Louder Fishery Biologist Ao Summary of the Biological, Chemical, and Physical Conditions at Individual Sampling Stations B. Annotated Checklist of Fishes Final Report Federal Aid in Fish Restoration Job I-H, Project F-14-R North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission Raleigh, No C. -- 1964 -- A concise summary of biological, chemical, and physical conditions present at each sample station is presented in Appendix A. In addition to the basic findings of the survey, the Sanitation Classifi­ cation for each station is noted. This system is the one used by the North Carolina State Board of Health, Division of Water Pollution Control for assigning minimum standards of water quality based on the best ~~age of~ given stream. A resume of this classification system is as follows:Y A-I - Drinking Water, approved disinfection A-II - Drinking Water, approved complete treatment B Bathing and Recreation C - Fish and Wildlife Propagation D - Agricultural Usage, must sustain fish life E - Navigation and Sewage Disposal Tidal Salt Waters SA - Shellfishing for Market Purposes SB - Bathing and Recreation SC - Fish and Wildlife Propagation SD - Navigation and Sewage Disposal Swp . - Swamp Waters ~aken in part from "Rules and Regulations and Classifications and Water Quality Standards Appliable to Surface Waters of North Carolina," North Carolina State Board of Health (SSSC#2), ✓ A-1 C25-l Anthony Creek, August 1, 1963 Ecol. Class. Rainbow trout Length of sample area 100 ft. Sanitation Class. C 2 miles northwest of Globe Caldwell County Anthony Creek is a designated public mountain trout stream.
    [Show full text]
  • Doc 22 Exhibit 15 Part 1 of 3 Inland Game Fish.Pdf
    8:09-cv-02665-RBH Date Filed 10/14/09 Entry Number 22-34 Page 1 of 21 Colburn 15 8:09-cv-02665-RBH Date Filed 10/14/09 Entry Number 22-34 Page 2 of 21 General Information Inland, Joint and Coastal Fishing How to Measure Inland Game Fish The harvest of Waters. Both the Wildlife Resources Commission and the Div- several game fishes is regulated by length limits. Fish length is ision of Marine Fisheries have licensing, management and determined by measuring along a straight line (in other words, regulatory authority in certain waters along the coast of not along the curvature of the body) the distance from the tip of North Carolina. These waters are designated as inland, joint the closed mouth to the tip of the compressed caudal (tail) fin. and coastal waters. The Wildlife Resources Commission has jurisdiction in inland waters, and the Division of Marine Fisheries has jurisdiction (except that pertaining to inland game fishes) in coastal waters. Both agencies have licensing and regulatory authority in joint waters. The boundaries between inland, joint and coastal fishing waters are prominently marked with metal signs posted adjacent to the affected waters. Lists of these waters, with their boundaries indicated, are available from the Wildlife Resources Commis- sion, 1721 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-1721 (www.ncwildlife.org; see Fishing–Publications–Coastal, Joint and Inland Fishing Waters Designations in N.C.), or from the Division of Marine Fisheries, P.O.Box 769, Morehead City, NC 28557 (wwW.ncdmf.net; see Quick Links–Maps to Download).
    [Show full text]
  • Summer 2010, Unless Otherwise Noted)
    BRIEFS FOR THE FILES Josh Southern 4100-A Reavis Rd Raleigh, NC 27606 [email protected] (All dates Summer 2010, unless otherwise noted) Briefs for the Files is a seasonal collection of uncommon-to-rare or unusual North and South Carolina bird sightings and events which do not necessarily require a more detailed Field Note or article. Reports of your sightings are due the 20th of the month after the end of the previous season. Winter December 1–February 28 due March 20 Spring March1–May31 dueJune20 Summer June 1–July 31 due August 20 Fall August 1–November 30 due December 20 Reports can be submitted in any format, but I prefer that you type them and list the sightings according to the birds in checklist order (not according to dates or locations). If you submit your report to me through e-mail, please type your report directly into the message or copy it from a word processing program directly into the message. You may also attach your file to the e- mail, but if you do, please let me know the program used and also send a second version saved as a text (.txt) file. Suitable reports for the Briefs include any sightings you feel are unusual, rare, noteworthy, or just plain interesting to you in any way! It is my responsibility to decide which reports merit inclusion in the Briefs. Please be sure to include details of any rare or hard-to-identify birds. I rely in part on sightings reported in Carolinabirds. Please don’t, however, rely on me to pick up your sightings from Carolinabirds.
    [Show full text]
  • North Carolina Inland Fishing, Hunting & Trapping REGULATIONS DIGEST
    North Carolina Inland Fishing, Hunting & Trapping REGULATIONS DIGEST 2021–2022 Effective Aug. 1, 2021 to July 31, 2022 Online at ncwildlife.org Hunt with the Big Dogs On the Currituck Outer Banks, NC The Land of the Wild Goose Currituck is an Algonquin Indian word that means “the land of the wild goose,” and many outdoorsmen have discovered it’s not a fairy tale but rather the stuff of legend. Miles of unspoiled natural habitat, waters, marshes, and woods Corolla • Carova • The Mainland await you where the big dogs hunt, Currituck, NC. Call 877.287.7488 for information or your visitor’s guide Find your guide at VisitCurrituck.com North Carolina Inland Fishing, Hunting & Trapping Contents REGULATIONS DIGEST What’s New This Season �����������������������6 Trapping Regulations and Information ..................................... 52 2021–2022 License Information ................................8 General Information ........................... 8 Hunting Regulations License Requirements and Information .....................................54 State of North Carolina and Exceptions ..................................... 8 Manner of Taking �������������������������������54 Governor Roy Cooper, License Type Descriptions ��������������12 Hunting on Federal Lands ���������������58 Big Game Harvest Reporting ���������59 North Carolina Wildlife License Type Charts ��������������������������20 Bear Seasons and Maps �������������������60 Resources Commission Disabled Sportsman Deer Seasons and Maps ������������������62 Program Information ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Revision of the Empis Subgenus Enoplempis Bigot, East of the Rocky Mountains (Diptera: Empididae)
    Zootaxa 3736 (5): 401–456 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3736.5.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2A05A2A2-CF49-4585-A75D-7086B9DDD7B3 Revision of the Empis subgenus Enoplempis Bigot, east of the Rocky Mountains (Diptera: Empididae) BRADLEY J. SINCLAIR1, SCOTT E. BROOKS2 & JEFFREY M. CUMMING2 1Canadian National Collection of Insects and Ottawa Plant Laboratory - Entomology, CFIA, K.W. Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6. E-mail: [email protected] 2Invertebrate Biodiversity, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Table of contents Abstract . 401 Introduction . 402 Material and methods . 402 Empis (Enoplempis Bigot) . 403 Taxonomy . 404 Empis (Enoplempis) amytis Walker . 404 Empis (Enoplempis) appalachicola Sinclair sp. nov. 410 Empis (Enoplempis) arthritica Melander . 412 Empis (Enoplempis) ctenocnema Melander . 415 Empis (Enoplempis) enodis Melander . 416 Empis (Enoplempis) gladiator Melander . 418 Empis (Enoplempis) gulosa Coquillett . 421 Empis (Enoplempis) loripedis Coquillett . 424 Empis (Enoplempis) montywoodi Brooks sp. nov. 425 Empis (Enoplempis) nodipoplitea Steykal . 428 Empis (Enoplempis) nuda Loew . 431 Empis (Enoplempis) pectinata Sinclair sp. nov. 433 Empis (Enoplempis) penicillata Brooks sp. nov. 435 Empis (Enoplempis) prodigiosa Cumming sp. nov. 438 Empis (Enoplempis) snoddyi Steyskal . 439 Empis (Enoplempis) stenoptera Loew . 443 Empis (Enoplempis) tridentata Coquillett. 444 Empis (Enoplempis) vockerothi Cumming sp. nov. 448 Empis (Enoplempis) volsella Sinclair sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Central Carolinas Biodiversity Trail Logo
    DiscoDiscoNatural Treasuresverver of the Charlotte Region About the Trail Welcome to the Central Carolinas – a region with over 106,000 acres of protected lands, rich in natural and cultural history. Throughout this growing metropolis, you will find unique natural treasures, from rare Piedmont Prairies and upland depression swamp forests, to oak-hickory woodlands and bottomland forests. These natural communities, along with the region’s rivers, lakes, streams, and other wetlands, provide food, water and shelter for a variety of wildlife. A careful observer could find some 320 species of birds, 70 species of fish, 40 species of mammals, 80 species of amphibians and reptiles, a wide variety of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates, and thousands of species of native plants. The Biodiversity Trail celebrates this diversity through a coordinated system of natural areas connected by their unique wildlife and natural communities. The Trail is modeled after watchable wildlife trails, birding trails, and heritage corridors in other states. It is not a physical path, but rather features properties owned by federal, state, local, and non-profit agencies in a 14-county region of the Carolinas. Sites along the trail are open to the public, allowing people to experience and discover these special places. The Biodiversity Trail is an extension of the Strategic Regional Open Space Framework for the Central Carolinas, and was developed to create awareness and support for the region’s existing green assets and natural areas. Initiated by the Stewardship Advisory Council, a citizen’s advisory group for Mecklenburg County Park and Recreation Department, the Biodiversity Trail is a dynamic project that will grow through time and involve partners from throughout the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Scenic Byways
    n c s c e n i c b y w a y s a h c rol rt in o a n fourth edition s c s en ay ic byw North Carolina Department of Transportation Table of ConTenTs Click on Byway. Introduction Legend NCDOT Programs Rules of the Road Cultural Resources Blue Ridge Parkway Scenic Byways State Map MOuntains Waterfall Byway Nantahala Byway Cherohala Skyway Indian Lakes Scenic Byway Whitewater Way Forest Heritage Scenic Byway appalachian Medley French Broad Overview Historic Flat Rock Scenic Byway Drovers Road Black Mountain Rag Pacolet River Byway South Mountain Scenery Mission Crossing Little Parkway New River Valley Byway I-26 Scenic Highway u.S. 421 Scenic Byway Pisgah Loop Scenic Byway upper Yadkin Way Yadkin Valley Scenic Byway Smoky Mountain Scenic Byway Mt. Mitchell Scenic Drive PIedmont Hanging Rock Scenic Byway Colonial Heritage Byway Football Road Crowders Mountain Drive Mill Bridge Scenic Byway 2 BACK TO TABLE OF CONTENTS BACK TO BYWAYS MAP Table of ConTenTs uwharrie Scenic Road Rolling Kansas Byway Pee Dee Valley Drive Grassy Island Crossing Sandhills Scenic Drive Birkhead Wilderness Route Flint Hill Ramble Indian Heritage Trail Pottery Road Devil’s Stompin’ Ground Road North Durham Country Byway averasboro Battlefield Scenic Byway Clayton Bypass Scenic Byway Scots-Welsh Heritage Byway COastaL PLain Blue-Gray Scenic Byway Meteor Lakes Byway Green Swamp Byway Brunswick Town Road Cape Fear Historic Byway Lafayette’s Tour Tar Heel Trace edenton-Windsor Loop Perquimans Crossing Pamlico Scenic Byway alligator River Route Roanoke Voyages Corridor Outer Banks Scenic Byway State Parks & Recreation areas Historic Sites For More Information Bibliography 3 BACK TO TABLE OF CONTENTS BACK TO BYWAYS MAP inTroduction The N.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Coordinating Committee Cisco Webex Virtual Meeting Instructions Tuesday, May 11, 2:00 PM
    Technical Coordinating Committee Cisco WebEx Virtual Meeting Instructions Tuesday, May 11, 2:00 PM 1. Download the Cisco WebEx Meetings software here. 2. To ensure continuity in meeting streaming it is recommended you close any programs or applications running in the background. You may also need to ask others in the home to suspend their applications if you are having trouble viewing the meeting. 3. On the day of the meeting, open the calendar meeting invitation or email with the meeting link. By Computer or Smart Phone: By Phone: Join Meeting, +1-408-418-9388 United States Toll Meeting Number: 132 523 4136 Access Code: 132 523 4136 Password: Q68PipWUf3p Attendee ID: 76874798 4. Recommend joining by computer. a. A preview video window will open before joining the meeting. Once ready, click. b. You will be prompted to join by computer audio or by calling in. c. Note: You can login via your computer and call in so you are able to see the slides. 5. The first time joining the meeting you will be asked to provide basic information (name, department, etc.). Please include responses so we can identify members easily. 6. Additional recommendations: a. Join from a quiet place. b. Please mute yourself during the meeting unless speaking. If you are having trouble during the meeting you may email Lydia McIntyre. Technical Coordinating Committee Meeting Agenda Tuesday, May 11, 2:00 PM WebEx Online Virtual Meeting Action Items: 1. March 10, 2021 Meeting Minutes 2. MTIP Amendment: Statewide Transit Projects 3. MTIP Amendment & Modification: MPO Area Roadway Projects 4.
    [Show full text]
  • North Carolina SCORP
    NORTH CAROLINA OUTDOOR RECREATION PLAN 2015 - 2020 May 2015 Division of Parks and Recreation N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources INTRODUCTION North Carolina has been blessed with a rich and varied tapestry of lands and waters. The landscape stretches from the Tidewater’s ocean beaches, sounds and marshes westward through flat Coastal Plain swamp forests to the rolling Piedmont and on to ancient and hauntingly beautiful mountains, well- known and loved not just by North Carolinians, but by millions of Americans nationwide. Traversing and connecting this landscape are beautiful rivers and streams. These lands and waters provide not only breathtaking scenery and magnificent settings for outdoor recreation, but also serve to support a rich diversity of plant and animal life. North Carolina is indeed “Naturally Wonderful”. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Since passage of the federal Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF) Act of 1965, preparation of a Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (SCORP) has been required in order for states to be eligible for LWCF acquisition and development assistance. Past SCORPs and this edition have provided a coordinated framework addressing the problems, needs, and opportunities related to the need for improved public outdoor recreation. The N.C. Division of Parks and Recreation, the state agency with authority to represent and act for the state for purposes of the LWCF Act, prepared this plan. LWCF funds have provided $4.2 million for projects in North Carolina during the past five years, an average of $850,000 annually. Since 1965, more than $80 million of LWCF assistance has been provided for more than 900 projects.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 Green Book
    2011 grEEn book LAND AND WATER CONSERVATION An Excellent Investment AbouT LAnD for ToMorroW Land for Tomorrow is a statewide coalition of community leaders, organizations and local governments with a common goal: increasing land and water conservation. The coalition works to ensure that the state’s four conservation trust funds – Clean Water Management Trust Fund (CWMTF), natural Heritage Trust Fund (nHTF), Parks and recreation Trust Fund (PArTF) and the Agricultural Development and Farmland Preservation Trust Fund (ADFPTF) – are well funded. north Carolina leaders have been forward-thinking, creating the trust funds and continuing to fund them over the years. This smart leadership has resulted in the preservation of hundreds of thousands of acres of family farms, forests, stream banks, game lands, parks, greenways and trails. While conservation has kept many areas natural, Photo © Debbie Crane it has also played a major role in the state’s economy, report participated in the summit. boosting agriculture, tourism, forestry, hunting, fishing great trust funds need both the flexibility and and wildlife-watching. The participants – who included former gov. Jim capacity to take advantage of what is an Martin, a republican, and Lt. gov. Walter Dalton, a unprecedented buyer’s market,” he said. Land for Tomorrow publishes this annual green book Democrat – agreed that conservation funding is vital to to provide an update on the current state of public This report gives you an idea of what conservation north Carolina’s economy. In the past couple of state conservation funding in north Carolina. This year’s funding has already done for north Carolina. It includes budget years, public conservation funding has been green book recaps the organization’s recent seminar a county-by-county list so you can see what has happened reduced by more than 50 percent.
    [Show full text]
  • North Carolina (NC)
    BELLCORE PRACTICE BR 751-401-134 ISSUE 25, FEBRUARY 1999 COMMON LANGUAGE® Geographical Codes United States - North Carolina (NC) BELLCORE PROPRIETARY - INTERNAL USE ONLY This document contains proprietary information that shall be distributed, routed or made available only within Bellcore, except with written permission of Bellcore. LICENSED MATERIAL - PROPERTY OF BELLCORE Possession and/or use of this material is subject to the provisions of a written license agreement with Bellcore. Geographical Codes United States - North Carolina (NC) BR 751-401-134 Copyright Page Issue 25, February 1999 Prepared for Bellcore by: R. Keller For further information, please contact: R. Keller (732) 699-5330 To obtain copies of this document, Regional Company/BCC personnel should contact their company’s document coordinator; Bellcore personnel should call (732) 699-5802. Copyright 1999 Bellcore. All rights reserved. Project funding year: 1999. BELLCORE PROPRIETARY - INTERNAL USE ONLY See proprietary restrictions on title page. ii LICENSED MATERIAL - PROPERTY OF BELLCORE BR 751-401-134 Geographical Codes United States - North Carolina (NC) Issue 25, February 1999 Trademark Acknowledgements Trademark Acknowledgements COMMON LANGUAGE is a registered trademark and CLLI is a trademark of Bellcore. BELLCORE PROPRIETARY - INTERNAL USE ONLY See proprietary restrictions on title page. LICENSED MATERIAL - PROPERTY OF BELLCORE iii Geographical Codes United States - North Carolina (NC) BR 751-401-134 Trademark Acknowledgements Issue 25, February 1999 BELLCORE PROPRIETARY - INTERNAL USE ONLY See proprietary restrictions on title page. iv LICENSED MATERIAL - PROPERTY OF BELLCORE BR 751-401-134 Geographical Codes United States - North Carolina (NC) Issue 25, February 1999 Table of Contents COMMON LANGUAGE Geographic Codes United States - North Carolina (NC) Table of Contents 1.
    [Show full text]