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Chemical Concentrations and Instantaneous Loads, Green River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway Near Seattle, Washington, 2013–15

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Chemical Concentrations and Instantaneous Loads, Green River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway Near Seattle, Washington, 2013–15 Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology Chemical Concentrations and Instantaneous Loads, Green River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway near Seattle, Washington, 2013–15 Data Series 973 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover: Photographs of the Duwamish River at the bridge at U.S. Geological Survey streamgage 12113390 during baseline conditions, January 4, 2013 (left), as compared to near-flood conditions driven by precipitation and operations at the Howard Hanson Dam in the upper watershed, March 7, 2015 (right). Photographs by Kathleen Conn, U.S. Geological Survey. Chemical Concentrations and Instantaneous Loads, Green River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway near Seattle, Washington, 2013–15 By Kathleen E. Conn, Robert W. Black, Ann M. Vanderpool-Kimura, James R. Foreman, Norman T. Peterson, Craig A. Senter, and Stephen K. Sissel Prepared in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Ecology Data Series 973 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2015 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. Suggested citation: Conn, K.E., Black, R.W., Vanderpool-Kimura, A.M., Foreman, J.R., Peterson, N.T., Senter, C.A., and Sissel, S.K., 2015, Chemical concentrations and instantaneous loads, Green River to the Lower Duwamish Waterway near Seattle, Washington, 2013–15: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 973, 46 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ds973. ISSN: 2327-638X (online) iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1 Methods...........................................................................................................................................................4 Continuous Real-Time Monitoring......................................................................................................4 Field Sampling and Processing ..........................................................................................................5 Analytical Methods.............................................................................................................................10 Quality Assurance and Quality Control ...........................................................................................11 Data Reporting.....................................................................................................................................12 Dioxins/Furans ............................................................................................................................13 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ........................................................................................13 Polychlorinated Biphenyls .......................................................................................................14 Hydrology and Field Parameter Data .......................................................................................................14 Chemical Concentrations ...........................................................................................................................17 Unfiltered-Water Chemical Concentrations ...................................................................................17 Filtered-Water Chemical Concentrations .......................................................................................20 Suspended-Sediment Chemical Concentrations ..........................................................................20 Bed-Sediment Chemical Concentrations .......................................................................................25 Quality-Control Chemical Concentrations ......................................................................................29 Comparison of Suspended Sediment and Bed Sediment .....................................................................30 Instantaneous-Load Estimates .................................................................................................................34 Summary .......................................................................................................................................................41 Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................41 References Cited..........................................................................................................................................41 Appendix A. Analytical Laboratory Qualifier Descriptions, Result Amendments, and Complete Analytical Chemistry Results ........................................................................................................45 iv Figures 1. Map showing location of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) sampling station relative to the Lower Duwamish Waterway, Seattle, Washington .....................................................2 2. Photograph showing U.S. Geological Survey field personnel measuring streamflow at the Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, Washington (12113390), at river kilometer 16.7 .................................................................................................................................4 3. Photographs showing real-time streamgaging station, turbidity sensor, acoustic Doppler velocity meters, and installation by U.S. Geological Survey divers at Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila (12113390), Washington ...................................5 4. Photographs showing US D-96 sampler for water chemistry and suspended-sediment physical parameters, volatile organic compound sampler, continuous-flow centrifuges for suspended-sediment chemistry, and Teflon™ spatula from an inflatable kayak used for bed-sediment sampling at Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, Washington ...........................................................................9 5. Graph showing sampling periods for water, suspended sediment, and bed sediment overlayed on the hydrograph of streamflow and turbidity at the Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, Washington, November 2013–March 2015 ....................................................................................................15 6. Graph showing relation between precipitation and suspended-sediment concentration during sampling periods, Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, Washington, 2013–15 ..................................................................................................16 7. Graph showing relation between arsenic concentrations in paired unfiltered-water and filtered-water samples and suspended-sediment concentration during each sampling period, Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, Washington, 2013–15 .........................................................................................................................................20 8. Graphs showing particle-size distribution of bed-sediment samples, sieved to less than 2 millimeters and suspended-sediment samples, Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, Washington, 2013–15 ................................................................................33 Tables 1. Field tasks, parameters collected, collection methods, references, and laboratories completing each task, Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, Washington, 2013–15 ...........................................................................................................................................6 2. Analytical parameter groups, methods, and analyzing laboratories for samples collected at Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, Washington, 2013–15 ..............11 3. Summary statistics of general hydrology, water quality, and field conditions during bridge-based sampling at Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, Washington, 2013–15 .........................................................................................................................................15 4. Summary statistics of detected compounds in unfiltered-water samples, Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, Washington, 2013–15 .........................................................18 5. Summary statistics of detected compounds in filtered-water samples, Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, Washington, 2013–15 .........................................................21 v Tables 6. Summary statistics of detected compounds in suspended-sediment samples, Duwamish River at Golf Course at Tukwila, Washington, 2013–15 .....................................22 7. Summary statistics of detected compounds
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