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Back Matter (PDF) Index Note: Page numbers in italic denote figures. Page numbers in bold denote tables. Acadian orogens, 272–278 anorthosite, 533, 535 low grade facies rocks, 546 anorthosite–mangerite–charnockite–granite/granophyre Acapulco profile, 184 (AMCG Suite), 544, 545–546 Acapulco Trench, 172 Antarctica plate, 164 Acatla´n complex, 249, 273 kinematics scheme, 164 Chazumba and Cosoltepec units, 279 SAND, 155 palaeogeographic model, 274 South American plate, 164 Accreted Caribbean Terranes, 491, 492 Antioquia Terrane, 731 accretion Palaeozoic core, 518 Guaranda terrane, 480–481 Antioquia-Tahami terrane, 11 v. erosion in Central America, 449 apatite, 540 African hot spots, 5 Barbados, 756 AFT. See apatitite fission track (AFT) East Venezuela, 754 Agua Clara Formation, 592, 606 heavy minerals source areas, 759 transformation ratio, 607 Nariva Formation, 754 Albian–Early Eocene Andes–Caribbean Plate Trinidad, 753 boundary, 15 apatitite fission track (AFT) Alboran Sea, 142 ages, 698 Aleutian Islands, 562 erosion, 767 Algeciras, 570 Appalachian Mountains, 546 alkali feldspar, 539 Aptian time, 771 Alleghanian orogens, 546 Aptian–Albian, 105–106 allochthonous terranes boundary, 504–507 change is island arc geochemistry, 340 allochthons, 757 volcanic arc, 328 alluvium, 341 Aptian–Maastrichtian Altos Cuchumatanes, 221 closure, 12 uranium lead ages, 303 evolution, 25–26 zircon geochronology, 297–298, 300–302 Apure Basin, 35 Amazon Craton, 543, 545 arc activity, 71 AMCG Suite. See anorthosite–mangerite–charnockite– arc magmatism, 169–173 granite/granophyre (AMCG Suite) arc reconstructions, 169–173 Amotape–Tahuı´n metamorphic belt, 510 arc-associated basins, 149 amphibolite, 266 Banda Sea, 147–149 analyses, 556 argon, 562 facies belt, 760 Chortı´s Block granitoids and significant facies metamorphic terranes, 760–761 age groups, 241 facies metamorphism, 282 data, 233–235 shearing degree increase, 722 geochronology, 555, 558 Ancon Formation, 392 loss induced by tectonics, 435, 437 andalusite source areas, 758 mineral spectra, 236–238 Andean Arimao Formation, 392 arc system, 733 Armas Formation, 210 Back-Arc Basin, 488, 494–495, 521 stratigraphic column, 210 Bocono´ Fault system, 587 Arperos oceanic lithosphere, 26 frontal thrust, 614 Arquia-Quebradagrande Complex, 514 intra-arc basin, 734 Arteaga, 275 Neoproterozoic–Palaeozoic rocks, 495 Aruba, 92 orogeny circa, 639–640 Aruba Batholith, 565 Para-autochthons, 757 Aruba–Blanquilla islands, 133 Andes. See also Me´rida Andes; Northern Andes asthenospheric flow, 148 Northern v. Central, 504 Atlantic crust, 109 andesites, 92 Atlantic Plate, 78 breccias, 475 Atlantic-type margin, 504 dykes, 563 Atlantica, 543 Pin˜on Formation, 475 Atrato sutures, 499 rocks, 560 autochthonous greenschist, 760–761 anhedral quartz, 540 autochthonous South America, 504–507 anhydrite, 661–662 Aves Ridge, 34 830 INDEX Azuero Complex western Panama´, 429 compression, 805 Azuero Peninsula, 412 EW9501 MCS lines, 806 Azuero Plateau, 438 seismic stratigraphy, 800 radiolarian cherts, 429 Venezuelan Basin, 79 volcanic activity, 801 backthrusting, 155–166 Beicip Franlab, 606 Bahamas continental margin, 387–388 Benbow Inlier Bahamas Platform, 60, 373, 374 formations, 340 Caribbean Arc, 366–367, 370–371 Lower Cretaceous island arc lavas, 340–343 sediments, 366 Benioff Zone, 173 Bahamian collisions, 43 arcs, 172 Bahia Honda unit, 371 forearcs, 172 palaeomagnetic determinations, 387 geodynamic modelling, 175 Baja Verapaz, 59 seismicity, 45 shear zone, 258 Berriasian faunal gap, 667 Banda plate, 85 Berrugate Formation volcaniclastic rocks, 20 Banda Sea, 139, 141–142, 143 biotite, 541 active continental margins, 144 gneiss, 266 analogies, 151 biotite–hornblende clinopyroxenite rock, 541 arc-associated basins, 147–149 bioturbated siliceous deposits, 465 backthrusting, 151 black chert conglomerates, 790 Caribbean age difference, 143 Blanquilla basin, 577 internal basins, 149–150 blue tourmaline, 759 internal ridges, 150–151 blueschists Neogene movements, 143 Northern Andes, 496–497 north–south convergence, 151 Sierra del Convento, 380 reconstruction map, 142 Boca de Jaruco oil field, 319 seismic tomography, 145–146 Bocono´ Fault, 570, 572, 614 seismicity, 145–146 dextral offset, 574 strike-slip provinces, 146–147 dextral thrusts, 642 thrust belts, 143 total dextral slip, 573 volcanic arc, 145 Bolivar Block, 128, 133 Ban˜os Fault Zone, 495–496 Bonaire Basin, 570, 577 Barbados CA Washikemba sample, 406 accretionary prism frontal, 614 palaeo-transform fault, 627 clastic sandstone domains, 743–793 post-Mesozoic Southern Caribbean Plate downstream eastern continuation, 784 boundary, 577 heavy minerals, 756 Bonaire Block, 133 schematic structural cross-section, 747 dextral Oca fault, 570 Venezuela, 755–756, 784–786 bore hole Mariel, 367 Barcelona Trough, 772, 786 Brazil Shield, 545 Venezuela, 772–781 Brazilian Shield, 757 Barinas Basin, 690 brittle–ductile two-layer crustal analogue models, 185 barite cement in sandstone, 671 brown bastite, 553 Barrovian, 547 Bruja Formation, 392 Barrow, John, 547 Bucaramanga, 570, 614 Basal Complex, 747 Burica Formation, 415 basal Vidon˜o limestone, 635 Burica Peninsulas basalt geological setting, 413–415 Caribbean Plateau, 511 Late Cretaceous to Miocene seamount accretion, olistolith, 418 411–450 Osa Me´lange, 424–425 me´lange formation convergent margin episodic Site 1001, 815–816, 823 growth, 411–450 ytterbium, 562 Burro Negro, 614 Basaltic Andesite, 553, 562, 563 basaltic lavas, 475 Cabaiguan Formation, 392 basaltic rocks olistoliths, 427 Cabo de la Vela Complex (CVC), 551, 560–561, 563 basaltic volcanism, 716 analytical techniques, 554–555 bastite, 554 basaltic dykes, 560 Bath–Dunrobin Formation, 23 Caribbean realm, 565 bathymetry, 148 formation model, 564, 564 Beata Ridge, 95–97 gabbros and basalts, 563 CLIP, 803, 805 gabbros and hornblendites, 554 Colombian Basin, 79 gabbros geochemistry, 561 INDEX 831 geochemistry, 555, 558, 559–560 Can˜o Island geochronological data, 562 rock types, 424–425 geological setting, 549–551 shear planes, 425 geology, 552 Cantabria Formation, 392 isotopical data, 562 Capacho Formation, 697 Jarara–Etpana sequence, 564 Caparo Fault, 35 Late Cretaceous intra-oceanic arc, 549–565 Capdevila Formation, 392 mafic volcanic dykes, 554 Caracas–Caribbean, 637 mineral chemistry, 555 Caratas sandstones, 629 multistage evolution, 549–565 carbonate, 538 neodymium isotopes, 560 sequences, 373 Northeastern Colombian Caribbean carboniferous crinoids, 222 region, 549–565 Cariaco Trough, 643, 675 other minerals, 558 Carib Graben, 660 potassium argon geochronology, 555, 558 Carib Halite Formation, 659–678, 664, 677 pyroxene, 555–557 age, 660–661 rocks, 561 alternative interpretations, 675–676 spinel, 555 anhydrite/gypsum, 661–662 strontium isotopes, 555 anomalous oilfield brine salinity, 671 tectonomagmatic setting, 560–565 barite cement in sandstone, 671 ultramafic rocks, 551–554 basins near-conformable, 674 whole rock geochemistry, 554–555, 555 basins on Caribbean nappe, 674–675 Cabo Matapalo Unit, 414, 447 basins on collapsed highlands still subsiding, 673–674 tectono-stratigraphy, 440 basins unconformable, 673 Cacaguapa schist, 225–226 Berriasian faunal gap in Venezuela-Trinidad, 667 igneous rocks geochronology, 226–227 buried halite evidence, 662–664 Cajalbana–Bahia Honda area, 319 climate, 676–677 Cajobabo territory, 333 climatic implications, 676 Cuban northern ophiolites emplacement, 326 closed depressions, 663 geological map, 327 collapse fracturing, 667–668 structural profile, 327 depositional environment, 676 calc-alkaline depositional thickness, 676–677 average immobile element compositions, 405 dissolution rate, 677 Bonaire Basin, 406 dissolved halite thickness, 677 sample data, 404 dissolving upward, 666 saturation, 464 drowning coast geomorphology, 662–663 series, 399 enigmatic southern anticline, 665–667 trace elements, 401–410 environment, 676–677 Washikemba sample, 406 fold- and thrust-belt structural style, 664–665 calciturbidite, 424–425 gravity anomalies, 664 Calderas Formation, 392 gypsum veins, 670–671 Caledonian metamorphic belts, 547 halite, 661 Caledonian sutures, 545 halite solution depth, 677 Caledonian tectonic fabric, 83 halite-dissolving fluid circulation, 677 Calentura Formation, 473 heat-flow anomalies, 663–664 Camagu¨ey Massif, 321 inferred stratigraphic position, 662 Cuban northern ophiolites emplacement, 320–322 intramontane plains, 663 erosion, 373 metamorphic-grade discontinuities, 668–669 subduction behaviour, 375 mineralization, 671–672 CAMP. See Central Atlantic Magmatic Morichito Basin, 675 Province (CAMP) mud-volcano fluid composition, 664 Campanian Neogene supraorogen basins, 672–673 age interpretation, 687–700 northwestern Colombia, 661–662 boundary, 690–691 oil and mineral exploration impact, 678 Caribbean-South America oblique collision model, oils with evaporitic signatures, 671 622–637, 638–639 possible diapirs and diapiric solution breccias, Cuban northern ophiolites emplacement, 327–329 669–670 dinoflagellates, 697 prolific petroleum province, 659–678 palaeogeographic position of arc, 388 Rauhwacke, 670 Paleocene quiescence, 329 rollover structure, 670 Venezuela structuring event, 687–700 saline fluid inclusions, 671 Campanian Moreno Formation, 371, 388 saline springs, 663 Campur Formation, 208 solution residues, 668 Canande Fault Zone, 515 solution unique scale and extent, 677–678 832 INDEX Carib Halite Formation (Continued) tectonic elements map, 763 subsidence rate, 676–677 tectonic evolution, 1–47, 565 thickness, 676–677 tectonic map, 4 Trinidad, 666 tectonics,
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