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The Uyghur Community, Politics and History in Centr INDEX1 A Altai, see Altay Abbasof, Abdukerim (1921–1949), Altay, 44, 56n47, 60, 63, 64, 106 42–44, 46, 49, 56n50, 57n54 Altishahr, 2, 55n23, 109, 114–117 Abdusematov, Nazarkhoja Altisheher, see Altishahr (1887–1951), 109 Altyshar, see Altishahr Abulkhair Khan, 8 Ancient Turks, 5, 6, 11 Abylai Khan, 17 See also Gök Türk Afghanistan, 9, 12, 72, 73, 127, Andijan, 37 135n15 Andijanese, 24 Akhun, Tash, 31 Ang, 30 Aksu, 3, 32, 60, 110, 167 Ankara, 86, 93, 101n39, 102n52, Akto County, 72 102n54, 125, 131, 132, 134, Alash Orda, 34 142, 143, 149n25, 169, 170 Alatau Pass, 114 apparel, 19 Alcoholism, 64 Aqartish Herikiti, 29 Almaty, 18, 37, 45, 93, 106–109, Arabs, 6, 93, 159, 167 112–114 Artishi, Seley Haji (1926–2010), Alptekin, Erkin, 94, 95, 135n13 54n19 Alptekin, Isa Yusuf, 46–48, 57n60, Artush, 30, 31 57n65, 58n69, 91–95, 98, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, 100n24, 101n25, 101n26, 162 123–125, 135n11, 166 Atbeygi square, 138 1 Note: Page number followed by ‘n’ refers to notes. © The Author(s) 2018 179 G. Kurmangaliyeva Ercilasun, K. Ercilasun (eds.), The Uyghur Community, Politics and History in Central Asia, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52297-9 180 INDEX atheism, 59 Buğra, Mehmet Emin (1901–1965), Azatlık Street, 138, 139 15n51, 28, 41, 46–48, 53n3, Azat Sherqiy Türkistan (Free East 54n16, 56n44, 57n62, 57n63, Turkistan) (newspaper), 45 57n65, 57n67, 58n69, 91–93, 98, 100n24, 166 Bukhara, 9, 23 B Bumin, 5 Bachu, see Maralbeshi Buruts, 24 Baihua Bao, 30 Bakhchisaray, 29 Bakhtiya, Ilya, 107, 119n8 C Baku, 37, 163 Can, Asgar, 94 Balkhash, 111 Can, Enver, 94 Barchuk Art Tigin, 7 Caravans, 3, 18, 116 Baren, 72, 76 Censuses, 59, 62, 67, 68 Barın, see Baren Central Asia, 19, 20, 23, 28, 29, Barköl, 2 31–40, 45, 47, 48, 51, 52, Bashiri, Zarif, 108 57n58, 71, 73, 77, 86, 91, Bashkurt, 35 105–120, 122, 124, 128, 133, Basmachi, 35 162, 165, 168 Bay, Bawudun (1851–1928), 29 See also Turkistan Beijing, 8, 11, 50, 55n36, 58n71, Central Eurasia, 27, 28 58n75, 74, 81n28, 82n30, Chagatay, 7, 8 83n45, 84n59, 93, 108, 117, Chang Kai-shek (1887–1975), 47, 48 121, 140, 144, 157–159, 163, Chanyu, Modun, 3–5 170, 171n12 Chen Deming, 155 See also Peking Cherchen, 3 Bekri, Nur, 138, 139 China, 1, 12n1, 19, 27, 59, 93, 106, Belgium, 94 121, 137, 153 Beshbalyk, 7 Chinese Birinchi Chamdam (First Step), 37 Chinese authorities, 3, 74, 77, 79, Bolshevik 122, 137, 143, 146–148, 157, Bolshevik party, 35 160, 161 Bolshevik revolution, 33, 52 Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Bolshevik party, 35 56n50, 59–61, 66, 68, 72–74, Boza, 22 91, 158 Britain, 9, 42, 48 Chinese government, 11, 41, 49, British, 23, 31, 77, 110 62, 76–78, 92, 94, 127, 130, Buddhism, 59 133, 137–141, 146, 147, 153, Buddhist culture, 7 159, 161, 166–168 Bughra, Muhammed Emin, see Buğra, Chinese Islamic Association, 61, Mehmet Emin (1901–1965) 75 INDEX 181 Chinese media, 74, 75, 147, 153, Doğu Türkistan Öğrenci Birliği 155–157, 159, 161, 167 (The Eastern Turkestan Chinese National Congress, 163 Students Union), 93 Chinggis, Khan, 6, 7 Doğu Türkistan Vakfi (The Eastern Chinggisids, 7, 11 Turkistan Foundation), 92 Chinggizxan, Abliz (1906–1952), 46 Dogŭ Türkistan’ın Sesi (Voice of Choqayev, Mustafa (1890–1941), 46, Eastern Turkestan) (journal), 92 47 Döng köwrük, 138 Christianity, 59 Dughlats, 7, 8 Chuguchak, 19 Dungan(s), 10, 108, 109, 111, Clothing, 19, 25, 66 119n12. See also Hui Cold War, 43, 48, 93, 94, 123, 128, Dzungaria, see Zungharia 154 Communist party, 37, 39, 45, 48, 109, 138, 139, 142, 149n19, 163 E Confucius, 166 Eastern Turkestan, see Eastern Constructivism, 85, 87–89 Turkistan Crimea, 29 Eastern Turkestani, see Eastern Crimean Tatars, 29 Turkistani Cultural relations, 17–26 Eastern Turkistan, 1 Cultural Revolution, 61, 68 Eastern Turkestan National Center, 93, 125, 129 Eastern Turkestan problem, 155, D 158, 162, 164–166, 170 Dabaza, 137 Eastern Turkestan Republic (see Daghurs, 42, 49 Eastern Turkistan Republic) Daomalla, Abdurehim, 75 Eastern Turkestan Union, the, 94, Deng Xiaoping, 61 98, 101n34, 101n36, 101n38, Dernek, 30 103n55 Dihua, 107 Eastern Turkistan, 78 Doğu Türkistan Eastern Turkistan Republic, 10, 11, Doğu Türkistan Göçmenler Derneği 46, 51 (The Association of Eastern East Turkestan (see Eastern Turkistan) Turkistan Emigrés), 92 East Turkestan Government-in-­ Doğu Türkistan Kültür ve Exile, 129 Dayanışma Derneği (Eastern East Turkestan Information Center, Turkistan Cultural and 129 Solidarity Association), 93 East Turkestan National Congress, Doğu Türkistan Maarif ve 95, 129 Dayanışma Derneği (The East Turkistan Islamic Movement Eastern Turkestan Education (ETIM), 72, 73, 76, 156, 162 and Solidarity Association), 95 See also Xinjiang 182 INDEX East Turkestan, 55n38, 57n58, 106, Ghulja, see Guljia 108, 122, 125, 130, 134, 146, Gök Türk, 167 150n40 See also Ancient Turks See also Eastern Turkistan Great Britain, 9, 42, 48 East Turkestani, see Eastern Turkistani Great Game, 4, 28 East Turkistan, see Eastern Turkistan Great Horde, 111 East Turkistani, see Eastern Turkistani Great Khan, 7 Ebinuur, 2 Great Western Development Strategy, Ependi (teacher), 29 68 Erk (Freedom), 47 Guangdong, 137, 139–141 Ersoy, Ali Murat, 158 Gulja, 11, 18, 19, 23, 24, 63, 72 Esenli, Murat Salim, 155 Guo Shengkun, 159 Esen Taishi, 8 Europe, 35, 86, 91, 93, 94, 96, 98, 101n28, 101n33, 101n34, H 101n38, 102n44, 102n49, Haji, Rehimjan Sabir (1906–1973), 103n55, 106, 122, 143, 154, 46 159, 162, 165, 168 Halal, 70 European Parliament, 98, 121, 129, Hami, see Kumul 131, 136n22 Han European Union, 122, 144 Han Chinese, 4, 5, 19, 24, 40, 43, Expedition, 18 53n2, 54n17, 82n32, 113, Ezizi, Seypidin (1915–2003), 39, 46, 137, 139–141, 148 49, 53n5, 53n6, 53n8, 54n10, Han dynasty, 4, 5, 13n16 55n36 Han immigrants, 68, 69 Han influence, 65, 69 Han proportion, 68, 69 F Hanafiya, Muhammed, 17 Falun Gong, 131 Hemrayev, Mömin (1907–1955), Fergana, 4, 40 40 Ferghana, see Fergana Hepthalites, 5 Food and beverage, 21–22 Hesenov, Turdi (1909–1937), 40 France, 66, 86, 143 Hong Yingqi power plant, 138 Hotan, 3, 60, 63, 64, 145, 146 Hoten, see Hotan G Hua Chunying, 157 Gangzi, 137 Hui, 62, 69, 71, 74, 106, 108 Gansu, 8 See also Dungan(s) Gasprinskiy, Ismail (1851–1914), 29, 46 Hujie, 4 Germany, 29, 30, 86, 94, 96–98, Human immunodefiiciency virus 101n32, 101n34, 101n36, (HIV)/acquired 101n38, 102n47, 102n48, immunodeficiency syndrome 103n55, 129, 136n22, 142 (AIDS), 65, 79 INDEX 183 Hunkars, 24 J Hüseyniye, 30, 31, 53n8, 54n10 Jadidism, 10, 29–35, 52 Hussein (Huseyin) Bay (1844–1926), Jadidist movements, 29 29, 30 Jadids, 10, 29, 31 Jangshi, 7 Jesuits, 131 I Jiang Zemin, 72 Identification, 24–25 Jin Shuren (1879–1941), 32, 41, 42, Idkah Mosque, 63, 75 54n17 Iksak village, 30 Ili, 2, 7, 11, 30, 36–38, 43, 44, 46, 48, 50, 106, 109–111, 116 K See also Gulja Kadeer, Rebiya, see Kadir, Rabia Ili Wilayitining Geziti, 30 Kadir, Rabia, 74, 77, 95, 97–99, 134, India, 12, 29, 30, 42, 73, 124, 165 138–142, 145 Indian, 23, 31 Kaidu, 7 Inner Mongolia, 168 Kamal, Ahmet (1889–1966), 30, 31, Inqilapchil Sherq, 37 57n58 Interactions, 18, 19, 23, 25, 26, 88, Kanat, Ömer, 84n66, 84n67, 94 112, 113 Karakhanids, 6, 7, 11, 63 Intermarriages, 70, 71 Kara Khitay, 7, 11 Iskendirov, Hezim (1906–1970), Karakol, 37 40 Karakorum Mountains, 2 Islamic clergy, 61 Karluks, 6 Islamic Republic of East Turkistan, 32, Kashgar, 3, 5, 7, 10, 11, 18, 22, 23, 41 30–33, 36–39, 47, 60, 63, 64, Islamic rituals, 61 66, 72, 75, 109, 116, 117, Islamic State, 76, 78, 84n61, 158 120n15, 123, 139, 146, 157, Israhilov, Nur (1910–1938), 38, 168 40 Kashgar-Artush, 33 Issyk Köl, see Ysykköl Kashgar Emirate, 109 Istanbul, 29–31, 33, 56n47, Kashgaria, 2, 36–39 57n60, 57n63, 86, 93, 95, Kashgarians, 19, 36 100n24, 101n25, 101n39, Kashgarliq, 36 101n40, 101n41, 102n42, Kashmir, 116 102n47, 102n54, 114, 142, Kazak, 10, 17, 19, 23–25, 35, 36, 39, 143, 160 41–43, 45–47, 49, 52, 62, 63, Ittihad-ı Osmanî Cemiyeti, 30 65, 69, 71, 78, 91, 92, 107, Ittihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti (The 109–114, 164 Committee of Union and Progress), Kazakh, see Kazak 30, 31 Kazakhstan, 35, 38, 48, 72, 106–108, Ittipak Street, 138 111–114, 118 Ittipaq (The Union), 45 Kazakhstani, 113 184 INDEX Kazan, 29, 31, 35, 37, 52 L Kazihan Mosque, 75 Lagman, 22 kegänlär, 106 Language(s), 19, 23–25, 31, 34, 37, Kembegheller Awazi (Voice of the 39, 44, 46, 49, 52, 60, 69, 71, Poor), 37 95, 107, 155, 164 Keriya, 3 Lattimore, Owen, 1, 2 khakimbeks, 19 Li Peng, 166 Khojas, 8, 9, 116, 117 Li Zhi, 139, 142 Khojayev, Feyzulla (1896–1938), Lobnor, 2, 3 47 Longchuan, 138 Khokand, 9, 23 Loulan, 3, 4 Khokand autonomy, 47 Loulan Beauty, 3 Khomentovsky, 18 Lukqun, 147–148 Khorgos, 114 Khotan, see Hotan Khoten, see Hotan M Khoten Hökümiti (Hotan Maaripchi, 29 government), 41 Malaysia, 157 Kirgiz, see Kyrgyz Manas, 2, 18 kitailik, 106 Manchuria, 115, 124 Kitans, 7 Manchus, 8, 9, 74, 115–117 Kobdo, 111 Mao Zedong (1893–1976), 50, 61 Kokand, see Khokand Maralbeshi, 146 Korean War, 125 Maritime Silk Road, 165 Korla, 127 Mawarannahr, 7, 12 Kornilov, L. (1870–1918), 36, Mekhsum, Abdurewup (1914–2004), 55n29 49, 58n74 Kroran, see Loulan Meng Jianzhu, 142, 156 Kubilay, 7 Mensheviks, 108 Kucha, 31, 60 Meripetchi, 29 Kuchluk, 7 Mesud Sabri (1886–1952), 30, 31, Kulja, see Gulja 46–48, 58n69 Kumul, 2 Metbei Xurshid, 30 Kunlun Mountains, 2 Middle Horde, 17 Kun-ming, 163 Mongolians, 24, 60 Kuomintang, 40, 43–46, 48, 49 Mongols, 8, 24, 42, 49, 107, 110, 115 Küresh (The Struggle), 45 Moscow, 37, 38, 45, 48, 124, 127, Kurultai (meeting), 93, 94 134n7 Kushan Empire (Kushans), 5 Mosques, number of, 62, 80n9 Kusmuryn, 17 Muhemmedi, Abdulhey
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