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Daf Ditty Shabbes 79 כוּדּ סוּסְ סוֹטְ : Daf Ditty Shabbes 79 Hamlet. Is not parchment made of sheepskins? Horatio. Ay, my lord, and of calves' skins too. ררָאמ וַּ:דּבכ טוּססהס ְכּאְֲרוַֹ קוּיה ק.מְףִלֵ הָ וֹכְּףתַל ןיﬠְָב וָיתָּלִ ִןיִיְלּפ — וּףדּכ וֹטכּוּססתַאס ִןיְְְבוֹ תּויָָﬠל ִילְּפ תּ.ןִי ְנ :ןַ :ןַ ְנ תּ.ןִי ִילְּפ תּויָָﬠל ףכְּקל ילְָד טבפּכֵ השְׁקִרשׁוֹתּ תּהַבְָּנּ שׂן״יעִהמְישׁשׁלַּפֶָָָ אי ִ ְלף,ְִק״ִלאְֶַיר ֵָָ — משׁ: תּ!צמלע א .הְוַ? סְִאְל ,ְןדּוּסוּכטָסוָָֹ ְִאי ,ְןדּוּסוּכטָסוָָֹ סְִאְל .הְוַ? א תּ!צמלע משׁ: ָלהָכֲהל מֹהְשׁמ ִסֶּ נִי תּ,יַ ְפ ִילּ ﬠןִי ַהל ָףְלַקּ ָﬠהזוְּזוּמ דַּל ְוּססוּכ ְ .סוֹט ְ ק ָל ף — שְׂדּוְּסכוּסטוֹס בּר, ְִבּקמוָָֹם — ﬠ ֵָישׂר. ְִבּקמוֹם ֵָישׂר. ﬠ . ְִהוְלצמ ְָהְצ Rav said: Dokhsostos has the same legal status as parchment: Just as one may write the portions of the phylacteries on parchment, so too, one may write the portions of the phylacteries on dokhsostos. The Gemara asks, we learned in the mishna: The measure that determines liability for carrying out parchment is equivalent to that which is used to write the shortest portion in the phylacteries, which is the portion of Shema Yisrael. By inference: Parchment, yes, the portions of the phylacteries may be written on it. Dokhsostos, no, the portions of the phylacteries may not be written on it. The Gemara answers: That is no proof, as the mishna is referring to the optimal manner in which to fulfill the mitzva, i.e., writing the portions of the phylacteries on parchment. However, one fulfills the mitzva by writing on dokhsostos as well. Come and hear that which was taught in a baraita: It is a halakha transmitted to Moses from Sinai that the portions of the phylacteries are written on parchment, and a mezuza is written on dokhsostos. When writing on parchment, one writes on the side of the hide that faced the flesh; on dokhsostos, one writes on the side of the hide on which there was hair. This contradicts the opinion of Rav, who said that phylacteries may be written on dokhsostos. The Gemara answers: The baraita is also referring to the optimal manner in which to fulfill the mitzva. When the hide is processed, the skin of the animal is split into two parts. The outside piece is . סוטסוסודכ and the inside piece, closer to the flesh, is called ףלק called .is supposed to be written on the outer part of this inner skin זמ ו הז The כלה השמל יסמ נ י יליפת ן לע ףלקה אלו לע סוטסוסכודה אלו לע וגה .לי יבתוכ ן לע ףלקה םוקמב רשב םאו יש הנ הנ יש םאו רשב םוקמב ףלקה לע ן יבתוכ .לי וגה לע אלו סוטסוסכודה לע אלו ףלקה לע ן יליפת י נ יסמ השמל כלה ספ ו ל והמ ףלק והמו עסוטסוסכוד רוה תעשב ביע ודו ןיקלוח ותוא ינשל ' חקלחהו וציה ן אוהש עשדצל רה ארקנ ארקנ רה עשדצל אוהש ן וציה חקלחהו ' ינשל ותוא ןיקלוח ודו ביע תעשב רוה עסוטסוסכוד לקף נפהו ימי קובדה רשבל ארקנ סוטסוסכוד יפל הז יכ ירמא נ ן םיבתוכ לע לקףה םוקמב רשב יה י נ ו םוקמ יה רתו רתו יה םוקמ ו נ י יה רשב םוקמב לקףה לע םיבתוכ ן נ ירמא יכ הז יפל סוטסוסכוד ארקנ רשבל קובדה ימי נפהו לקף בורק רשבל יהד י נ ו םוקמב ורובח אוהשכ קובד סוטסוסכודל םיפלקו נלש ו יאש ן םיקלוח םתוא י ש םהל ד י ן ףלק ל ןיד ה וכובת םי םהילע דצל רשב המש םיררגמש ותפילק ילעה ו הנ םוקמבש רעש ניא ו אלא ידכ המ ךירצש נקתל ו קלךרשה יכאא י ע ומשה לה תיקםרגשהשרבדלםיעם כב וקילהלח וליפאו םא יה ו םיקלוח רועה נשל םי היה ךירצ ררגל נממ ו ךכ דצמו רשבה םיררוג הברה דע יאש ן א עהר ירגרב צוך ונמרג יצההם ש והםקו וי א לפו קלל : רשנא אלא ףלקה דבלב ףלקה אלא רשנא It is a Received Tradition going back to Moses that tefillin [are written] on the klaf layer, not on dukhsustos or gewil; on the klaf layer, on the flesh side and any variation is invalid. What are [these layers]? When a raw skin is split thickness-wise, the outer layer towards the fur is klaf and the inner one towards the meat is dukhsustos. Thus when we say "the flesh side of the klaf" we mean the side closer to the flesh i.e. where it connects to the dukhsustos. Our parchment which is not split, is halachically klaf and we write on it on the flesh side since what is scraped away from the hair side is just enough to smooth it out and would be scraped off even if we were to split the hide, while on the inside all the dukhsustos is scraped away. Shulchan Aruch O. C. 32:7 upon ףלק is toward the flesh, it is referring to the layer of the ףלק When the Baraisa says that the where the writing must take place. In other words, we write the chapters of the shema for the ףלק tefillin on the inside of the is toward the hair, it does not mean that the סוטסוסודכ Similarly, when the Baraisa says that .itself is toward the hair, because this it is not the case סוטסוסודכ is on the outer-side of this inner layer of skin, which is זמ ו ז תו Rather, it means that the writing of the side closer to the hair. There is another term used in this context. This is the full skin, unsplit. The hair is removed and the. ליוג A sefer Torah is written upon surfaced is smoothed by being scraped off. On the side facing the flesh of the animal nothing is removed, and it is smoothed out.1 itself is the inside layer of this split ףלק it means that the, שבר קמב ו ם ק ל ף When the Baraisa says it means that this layer is that which is toward, סוטסוודס רעיש םוקמב skin. Similarly, when it says the skin, meaning the outer layer of this split hide. According to these Rishonim, the Baraisa does not tell us where the writing itself must be, but they explain that it is not along the split itself, but it is rather along the outside layers of the relative pieces.2 refers to the inner layer of the ףלק Some Rishonim (Rambam, Ramban, Ritva) explain the sugya in the reverse. They say that 1 .is the outer layer of the skin which faces the hair of the animal סוטסוסודכ skin, which faces the flesh, while 2 Daf Digest Shabbes 79 עhָשׁשׁ הוֹתרוֹ .גּןֵ וְ ליִ ְלקוּ ָף .כְּסוּטסוְּסכוְּד ו .ַלדיצֵ ְחקוֹ עןִי רוֹ אָהֵמְהבּ חוֹ יַּ ָה בֲַﬠוּמ רִי הִןי ֵַשּׂﬠ מָר ִ וּתּנֶּמּ ָ.ִהְלּח כַּרְחאו m ָ ַmַ כַּרְחאו ָ.ִהְלּח וּתּנֶּמּ לוֹמ חְ ןיִ וֹתוֹא מְ בּ לֶ .חַ ְ ו רַאח ַ mמ אְוֹבּתדְַבָּכּﬠ קןיוֹ ֶ.חְמִ mְבּחאַו ַﬠָכּר אצֲָפַ וֹאוֹבּמיַּכצְָו ָםמְּרשִׁבֵדְּ ְִצֶוַּכי הןיאְ רִת ע ֶָוֹ ע רִת הןיאְ ְִצֶוַּכי ָםמְּרשִׁבֵדְּ וֹאוֹבּמיַּכצְָו אצֲָפַ ַﬠָכּר mְבּחאַו ֶ.חְמִ קןיוֹ אְוֹבּתדְַבָּכּﬠ mמ : מוּ זַּחְ קְ ןיִ .וֹתוֹא זְ ו הֶ אוּה נַּה קִ רְ אָ וְ גּ ליִו ָר ִנּהאהה ְו.תאןִק ְַמ There are three kinds of parchment: gvil, klaf and duxustus. They are made as follows: The skin of a sheep, goat, or other animal, is taken, and after removing its hair, is sprinkled with salt and treated with flour and gall-nut resin, or anything that contracts the pores of the hide and makes it durable. This parchment is called gvil. RAMBAM, Mishneh Torah, Hil. Tefillin, Mezuzah and the Torah Scroll Chapter 1 According to the Halakhot Gedolot, klaf is the inner layer, adjacent to the flesh, while dukhsustos is the outer layer, on which the hair grows: . נת אי הכלה השמל יסמ נ י יליפת ן לע ףלקה זמו ו הז לע סוטסוסודכ ףלקו םוקמב כרשב ודוס סוטסו םוקמב רעש םוקמב סוטסו ודוס כרשב םוקמב ףלקו סוטסוסודכ A baraita states: It is a Law given to Moses at Sinai that tefilin are written on qelaf and mezuzah on dukhsustus. Qelaf [is written] where it [faced] flesh; dukhsustus, facing hair. Hilkhot Tefilin, perek 25 daf 100 in Venice 1548 printing from Greek δυσχιστός dyschistos) is the name of a type , סוטסוסכוד :Duchsustus (Hebrew of parchment used for religious writings in Judaism. It is originally a Greek word and one of three Talmudic names for animal skin. The other two are kelaf and gevil. The meanings of these terms, however, are the subject of controversy in Jewish law. According to the Talmud, a sefer Torah should, ideally, be written on gevil, but may also be on klaf, Tefillin must be written on Klaf, and Mezuzah should be written on duchsustus, kelaf, or gevil. This instruction is dated to Moses at Mount Sinai. Duchsustus is the animal's dermis, klaf is the epidermis, and gevil is both layers tanned unseparated. Parchment, is the processed skins of certain animals—chiefly sheep, goats, and calves—that have been prepared for the purpose of writing on them. The name apparently derives from the ancient Greek city of Pergamum (modern Bergama, Turkey), where parchment is said to have been invented in the 2nd century BC. Skins had been used for writing material even earlier, but a new, more thorough method of cleaning, stretching, and scraping made possible the use of both sides of a manuscript leaf, leading to the supplanting of the rolled manuscript by the bound book (codex). Types of writing materials and methods In Hellenistic times (c. 300 BC–c. AD 300), official records were often inscribed on stone or metal tablets. Literary works and detailed letters were written on parchment or papyrus, though short or temporary records were written or scratched on potsherds (ostraca) or wax tablets.
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