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The RUSALCA Mission and Detection of Change in the Diversity and Distribution of fishes

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Lowell Wakefield Symposium Anchorage, Alaska 27 March 2013 The RUSALCA mission and detection of change in the diversity and distribution of fishes Presentation by Catherine W. Mecklenburg T. Anthony Mecklenburg Lowell Wakefield Symposium Anchorage, Alaska 27 March 2013 The RUSALCA mission and detection of change in the diversity and distribution of fishes Presentation by Catherine W. Mecklenburg T. Anthony Mecklenburg RUSSIAN–AMERICAN LONG- TERM CENSUS OF THE ARCTIC (RUSALCA) Cooperative program, started in 2003: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration & Russian Academy of Sciences Objectives •Document the state of the Arctic climate and marine life — particularly in regions of projected rapid change. •Detect change in Arctic climate and marine life. Arctic Marine Fish Museum Specimens Database, 2010 Catch localities for 10,285 catalog lots Chukchi Borderland U.S. 200-mile limit East Siberian Sea Beaufort Sea Chukchi Sea Otter trawl stations, RUSALCA 2004, 2009, 2012 Norway Russia Svalbard Collection localities for samples in the Greenland Arctic fish DNA Baffin barcode database Bay (C.W. Mecklenburg, PI) Hudson Bay 1, 649 CO1 Russia sequences Canada (barcodes) ~200 species Alaska SE Alaska Washington Biodiversity of Arctic Marine Fishes: Taxonomy and Zoogeography (Marine Biodiversity 41(1):109–140 + Online Resources 1–5 ) • Catherine W. Mecklenburg, Research Associate, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco; Private Consultant, Point Stephens Research, Auke Bay, Alaska • Peter R. Møller, Head of Vertebrate Zoology and Curator of Fishes, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen • Dirk Steinke, Lead Scientist, Barcoding of Marine Life, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada Mar Biodiv(2011) 4l:109-140 DOI 10. 1 007 1s12526-0 I 0-0070-z SENCKENBERG Arctic Region Biodiversityof arctic marine fishes:taxonomy (green) and zoogeography Catherine W. Mecklenburg . Peter Rask Msller Dirk Steinke Received:3 June2010/Revised: 23 September2010/Accepted: 1 November2010/Published online: I December2010 i() Senckenberg,Gesellschaft flir Naturforschungand Springer2010 Abstract Taxonomicand distributionalinformation on each Six families in Cottoidei with 72 species and five in fish speciesfound in arctic marinewaters is reviewed,and a Zoarcoidei with 55 species account for more than half list of familiesand specieswith commentaryon distributional (52.5%)the species.This studyproduced Col sequencesfor records is presented.The list incorporatesresults from 106 of the 242 species.Sequence variability in the barcode examinationof museum collectionsof arctic marine fishes region permits discrimination of all species.The average dating back to the 1830s.It also incorporatesresults from sequencevariafion within specieswas 0.3% (range0-3 .5oh), DNA barcoding,used to complementmorphological charac- while the averagegenetic distancebetween congeners was ters in evaluatingproblematic taxa and to assistin identifica- 4.7% (range 3.7-13.3%). The coL sequencessupport tion of specimenscollected in recentexpeditions. Barcoding taxonomic separationof some species,such as Osmerus results are depictedin a neighbor-joiningtree of 880 COI dentex and O. mordax and Liparis bathyarcticus and L. (cytochromec oxidase 1 gene)sequences distributed among gibbus,' and synonymy of others, like Myoxocephalus 165 speciesfrom the arctic region and adjacentwaters, and verruco,sttsin M. scorpius and Gymneluslmipowitschi in discussedin the family reviews.Using our definition of the G. hemtfasciatus.They sometimesrevealed the presenceof arctic region, we count 242 species with documented additionalspecies that were not entirely expected,such as an presence,if 12 species that likely are synonyms are unidentified speciesof Ammodytesin the western Gulf of excluded.The 242 speciesare distributedarnong 45 families. Alaska,most likely A. personatus,'and an unidentifiedlcelus speciesof the I. spatula complex with populationsin the westernGulf of Alaska and the northernBering and Chukchi This article belongs to the special issue "Arctic Ocean Diversity Seaswhich couldbe a new speciesor a speciesin synonymy. Synthesis" Reviewing distribution, we found that for 24 speciesthe Electronicsupplementary material Theonline version of thisarticle patternsassigned by authorsunderstated historical presence (doi:I 0.I 007/s12526-A I 0-0070-z) contains supplementary material, in the arctic region, and for 12 species they overstated which is availableto authorizedusers presence.For instance, Hippoglossoidesrobustus is counted (X) C. W. Mecklenburg as an arctic-boreal speciesrather than predominantlyboreal, Department of Ichthyology, California Academy of Sciences, and Artediellus uncinatusas predominantlyarctic rather than mail: Point StephensResearch, P.O. Box 210307, Auke Bay, AK 99821, USA predominantly boreal. Species with arctic, predominantly e-mail: [email protected] arctic, or arctic-boreal distributionscomposed 4l% of the 242 speciesin the region, and predominantlyboreal, boreal, P. R. Msller and widely distributed speciescomposed Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 59%. For some Universitetsparken I 5, continentalshelf species,such as the primarily amphiboreal 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark Eumesogrammuspraecisus and Leptoclinus maculatus, distributionsappear to reflect changes,including reentryinto D. Steinke Arctic seasand reestablishmentof Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, continuousranges, that 50 Stone Road East, zoogeographersbelieve have beengoing on sincethe end of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2Wl , Canada land bridge and glacial times. 6 Springer Mecklenburg, Møller, Steinke. 2011. Marine Biodiversity 41(1):109–140 + Online Resources 1–5 Head spines large, typically doubled or wedge-like Northern Bering Sea Myoxocephalus scorpius Head spines Shorthorn Sculpin absent or small and single Southeastern Gulf of Alaska Myoxocephalus scorpius Shorthorn Sculpin arctic–boreal, circumpolar Geographic distribution Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas, 1814 Walleye Pollock Theragra finnmarchica Norway Pollock (Koefoed 1956) Theragra chalcogramma Walleye Pollock (Pallas 1814) Norway Pollock and Walleye Pollock are the same species (e.g., Ursvik et al. 2007, Byrkjedal et al. 2008) Gadus chalcogrammus Norway Walleye Pollock pollock Chukchi Borderland: 1 at 365–370 m (74°07’ N, 166°01’W) Overall depth range: Surface to 1,200 m Demersal & pelagic RUSALCA 2009 392 mm TL 74°07’N, 166°01’W predominantly boreal Pacific; also North Atlantic Liparis gibbus Variegated Snailfish Liparis bathyarcticus Nebulous Snailfish Very close in appearance, yet they are different species (Chernova 2008) Liparis fabricii Gelatinous Seasnail Liparis tunicatus Kelp Snailfish Liparis bathyarcticus Nebulous Snailfish Liparis gibbus Variegated Snailfish DNA sequences (barcodes) indicate 4 distinct species of Liparis are present in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas Myoxocephalus stelleri Frog Sculpin Hippoglossoides robustus Bering Flounder Buchan Bay, 1965 Eggs at Bathurst Inlet,1975 East Siberian Sea Long Strait RUSALCA 2009 1934 arctic–boreal Pacific Hippoglossoides robustus = H. elassodon Flathead Sole (Kartavtsev et al. 2007 arctic–boreal Pacific Hippoglossoides robustus = H. elassodon Flathead Sole (Kartavtsev et al. 2007 arctic–boreal Pacific Arctic 41% Boreal 59% Fish species in Arctic Region (n = 242 species) Arctic Arctic 41% 40% Boreal Boreal 59% 60% Fish species in Arctic Region Fish species in Chukchi Sea Marine fish species in the Chukchi Sea Arctic Arctic 46% 40% Boreal Boreal 54% 60% 1939 2011 (Andriashev 1939) (Mecklenburg, Møller, Steinke 2011) Chukchi Cap Chukchi 588 m Borderland Slope Sta 1 100 m 370 m Slope Sta 2 236 m Wrangel I. 2004, 2012 2009 Bering Strait RUSALCA Bottom Trawl Stations & Chukchi Borderland Leptoclinus maculatus Daubed Shanny Arctogadus glacialis Polar Cod Liparis fabricii Gelatinous Seasnail Boreogadus saida Arctic Cod Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Greenland Halibut Gadus chalcogrammus Six species collected in the Chukchi Borderland Walleye Pollock are also found on the continental shelf Careproctus reinhardti Sea Tadpole Artediellus atlanticus Atlantic Hookear Sculpin Cottunculus microps Lycodes adolfi Polar Sculpin Adolf’s Eelpout Lycodes seminudus Triglops nybelini Longear Eelpout Bigeye Sculpin Six species were found only in the Chukchi Borderland Barents Sea Fram Strait Atlantic Water circulation in the Arctic, 200–800 m Lycodes adolfi Nielsen & Fosså, 1993 Adolf’s Eelpout Chukchi Borderland: Yermak 4 at 580–588 m Plateau Overall depth range: 386–1,880 m Benthic 193 mm TL RUSALCA 2009 76°33’N, 164°27’W arctic, mainly Atlantic, probably circumpolar Artediellus atlanticus Atlantic Hookear Sculpin Chukchi Borderland: 5 at 227–236 m 2 at 365–370 m Overall known depth range: 11–1,366 m Benthic 142 mm TL arctic–boreal, mainly Atlantic, possibly circumpolar Pacific-Arctic Marine Fishes A distributional atlas and identification guide to the fishes of the RUSALCA study area (northern Bering Sea, East Siberian, Chukchi, and Beaufort Seas, and the adjacent deep waters of the Arctic Ocean) Mecklenburg and others In preparation !"#$%&'()*+,$-".(/(0+"12.34( !"#$%&#'&(&$%)"*&+($,$$****((()3151("%%$*"6+3742( =)(/&*($<)>&7#$)&%"(+& 4+)&/#$-(*&:+& ?@A&#0&'#/B&*)+<%"& !"#$%&'($')*& ::(##( #+&,#-%)$.#$& ?.#"%.( )+/&#0&1,,)$& C#/B&$#'1-%& 2(3& 6(%1$)&7(*)-&"(5)&3".%)& '*#%8"&#+&,#-%)$.#$&,#$9#+& #0&/#$-(*&:+& 4+)&$#3&#0&,*(%)-& P@(##( ('#5)&*(%)$(*&*.+)&,*(%)-& #"%.( 89(##( #"%.( D"(*EB&3".%)&#$&,.+E&7($E-&,$)-)+%& #+&")(/&#$&'(8E&#0&-#7)&.+/.5./1(*-&
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