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The Underground War on the Western Front in WWI. Journal of Conflict Archaeology, 9 (3)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Enlighten: Publications nn Banks, I. (2014) Digging in the dark: the underground war on the Western Front in WWI. Journal of Conflict Archaeology, 9 (3). pp. 156-178. Copyright © 2014 W. S. Maney & Son Ltd A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge Content must not be changed in any way or reproduced in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holder(s) http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/102030/ Deposited on: 29 January 2015 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Digging in the Dark: The Underground War on the Western Front in WWI Iain Banks Centre for Battlefield Archaeology, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK Abstract Throughout the First World War, with the trenches largely static, the combatants tried to break the deadlock by tunnelling under one another’s trenches. The Tunnelling Companies of the British Royal Engineers were engaged in a bitter struggle against German Pioneers that left both sides with heavy casualties. A project to determine the location of one particular act of heroism in that underground war has resulted in the erection of a monument to the Tunnellers at Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée in northern France. Keywords: Tunnelling Companies; Royal Engineers; William Hackett; Tunnellers’ Memorial; mine warfare Introduction The war that raged from 1914 to 1918 is characterised in the popular imagination in terms of trenches, mud and shellfire. -
The Lost Legions of Fromelles PDF Book
THE LOST LEGIONS OF FROMELLES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Peter Barton | 448 pages | 17 Jul 2014 | Little, Brown Book Group | 9781472117120 | English | London, United Kingdom The Lost Legions of Fromelles PDF Book In this book, he has given us a detailed, impassioned and arresting account of a bloody day on the Western Front, one that resonates more loudly now than for many years. He describes its long and surprising genesis, and offers an unexpected account of the The action at Fromelles in July is Australia's most catastrophic military failure. AUS NZ. Fromelles remains controversial, not least because in recovering the remains the authorities acceded to requests that they try to identify individual corpses. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. Stone Cold Andrew Faulkner. Be Curious — Leeds, Leeds. Kindle Edition , pages. O n one of those smudgy French days when the mist clings close to the damp earth until well after lunch, I sat in a little estaminet in Fromelles that is famously festooned with boxing kangaroos and Australian flags. Threads collapsed expanded unthreaded. Fromelles has attracted a fair amount of attention since , when the existence of mass graves was confirmed at Pheasant Wood, but no recent previous account has paid so much attention to both the detail and the context based on a very wide reading of the available sources, British, Australian and, most crucially, Bavarian. His other books include The Somme, and Passchendaele. I found this book very interesting and very sad. Horrie the War Dog Roland Perry. Clain Jaques rated it really liked it Mar 06, Want to Read saving…. -
Nieuwpoort, Belgium [email protected]
A Kingdom Saved by the Sea Guido Demerre Nieuwpoort, Belgium [email protected] The Belgian Army had been fighting a defensive war since the German invasion of Belgium on 4 August 1914. In quick succession the fortified position of Liège fell, and the Belgians withdrew to the outer fortifications of Antwerp. As commander in chief of the armed forces, Belgium’s King Albert intended to maintain his nation’s independence during this essentially Franco-Prussian conflict. Bound by a pledge of neutrality, he aimed to expell the Germans without favouring the French; he knew to fear post-war French dominance as much as German victory. Although Article VII of the Treaty of London (1839) promised European aid to protect Belgian neutrality, the king did not know when help would arrive, as the Anglo-French forces had troubles of their own in northern France. To show his support, the king launched 2 sorties from Antwerp,1 which succeeded in diverting 60,000 German soldiers destined for France. Despite the valiant efforts of little Belgium, foreign military assistance was not forthcoming. First Lord of the Admiralty Winston S. Churchill suggested that the Dutch hold the River Scheldt open to allow supplies to reach Antwerp, but the Dutch insisted on maintaining their neutrality. The British, with much more at stake in the defence of Antwerp, began sending guns and ammunition. Unfortunately, German artillery bombardments began in late September. Just as at Liège and Namur, Antwerp’s defences were no match for German guns. The Belgian clearance of the suburbs looked even worse than the aftermath of the San Francisco earthquake. -
1 Left Or Right
1 Left or Right “No One Slept throughout the Night” Before the August 1914 start of World War I, the Belgian village of Virton was a thriving administrative and commercial center in Luxembourg Province. A Walloon, or French-speaking, municipality of 3,500 residents, Virton was known for its hilly streets, massive St. Lawrence’s Catholic Church, and remnants of medieval walls. Located just south of the better-known Ardennes region and less than five miles north of the French border, Virton was the principal town of the small Belgian region known as Gaume, which boasted a warmer microclimate than those around it. Gently rolling green hills and lush pockets of forest were peaceful dividers between picturesque ancient towns and villages. When the war came, it did not pass lightly over Virton and the surrounding vil- lages. During the invasion, more than 200 men, women, and children were dragged from their homes and executed in one of the worst massacres of the time. Many houses were partially or completely destroyed. Across Belgium the Germans out- lawed all movement outside a person’s neighborhood without a properly autho- rized Passierschein (safe conduct pass). A constant barrage of affiches commanded Belgians in all matters of life. These placards came from either the local German commander or from Belgium’s German governor general, Baron von Bissing. Any disobedience was met with harsh fines and sometimes imprisonment. Nearly two and a half years of occupation had passed when the stories of the “slave raids” crept into Virton long before the German affiche was posted. -
1815, WW1 and WW2
Episode 2 : 1815, WW1 and WW2 ‘The Cockpit of Europe’ is how Belgium has understatement is an inalienable national often been described - the stage upon which characteristic, and fame is by no means a other competing nations have come to fight reliable measure of bravery. out their differences. A crossroads and Here we look at more than 50 such heroes trading hub falling between power blocks, from Brussels and Wallonia, where the Battle Belgium has been the scene of countless of Waterloo took place, and the scene of colossal clashes - Ramillies, Oudenarde, some of the most bitter fighting in the two Jemappes, Waterloo, Ypres, to name but a World Wars - and of some of Belgium’s most few. Ruled successively by the Romans, heroic acts of resistance. Franks, French, Holy Roman Empire, Burgundians, Spanish, Austrians and Dutch, Waterloo, 1815 the idea of an independent Belgium nation only floated into view in the 18th century. The concept of an independent Belgian nation, in the shape that we know it today, It is easy to forget that Belgian people have had little meaning until the 18th century. been living in these lands all the while. The However, the high-handed rule of the Austrian name goes back at least 2,000 years, when Empire provoked a rebellion called the the Belgae people inspired the name of the Brabant Revolution in 1789–90, in which Roman province Gallia Belgica. Julius Caesar independence was proclaimed. It was brutally was in no doubt about their bravery: ‘Of all crushed, and quickly overtaken by events in these people [the Gauls],’ he wrote, ‘the the wake of the French Revolution of 1789. -
Beneath Flanders Fields: the Tunnellers War, 1914-1918 Free
FREE BENEATH FLANDERS FIELDS: THE TUNNELLERS WAR, 1914-1918 PDF Peter Barton,Peter Doyle,Johan Vandewalle | 304 pages | 28 Sep 2007 | The History Press Ltd | 9781862273573 | English | Stroud, United Kingdom Fighting Under the Earth: The History of Tunneling in Warfare - Foreign Policy Research Institute Below the battlefields of the 1914-1918 Front, fifty thousand tunnellers, sewer workers, and miners were engaged in mine warfare in the Ypres Salient--a secret struggle beneath No Man's Land that combined daring engineering, technology, and science with calculated assassination. Few on the surface knew of the barbaric and claustraphobic work Beneath Flanders Fields: The Tunnellers War the tunnellers, who not only suffered from mine explosions but regularly encountered hazardous gas and waterlogged Beneath Flanders Fields: The Tunnellers War. The result of over twenty-five years of research, Beneath Flanders Fields reveals how this intense underground battle was fought and won. The authors give the first full account of mine warfare in World War I through 1914-1918 words of the tunnellers themselves as well as plans, drawings, and previously unpublished archive photographs, many in colour. Beneath Flanders Fields also shows how military mining evolved. The tunnellers constructed hundreds of deep dugouts that housed tens of thousands of troops. Often electrically lit and ventilated, these tunnels incorporated headquarters, cookhouses, soup kitchens, hospitals, drying rooms, and workshops. A few dugouts survive today, a 1914-1918 physical legacy of the Great War, and are seen for the first time in photographs in Beneath Flanders Fields. Peter Doyle is a geologist and archaeologist who has studied the battlefields of the Western Front, Gallipoli, and Salonika. -
The Flooding Ofthe Yser Plain
The flooding ofthe Yser plain Guido Demerre & Johan Termote The northwesternmost part of Belgium played an important part in the First World War, as it was there, on the plains of the river Yser, that the advance of the German Fourth Army came to a halt. This was thanks to a tried and tested method: flooding or inundation. The flat Flemish polders, situated below sea level at high tide, were ideally suited for such a scheme. It was sufficient to manipulate the Ganzepoot sluice complex at Nieuwpoort, which controlled the inflow of seawater and the drainage ofthe polders in the hinterland. In those dramatic days of October 1914 the flooding of the Yser valley did not go smoothly at all, however. But after the war, these early setbacks were soon forgotten and the actual events were embellished. This inspired many romanticised patriotic stories, reinforced by all sorts of vanity documents written by those involved. What follows is an as objective as possible representation of the facts. Nieuwpoort viewed from the east. Aerial photograph made by a German scout on 19 August 1917. (Bundesarchiv, Koblenzj 1 Sluice at Nieuwendamme creek through which the inundation of Nieuwendamme polder took Water as a means of defence place in the night o f 21 to 22 October 1914 2 Oude Veurnesas sluice, through which the first inundation attempt was made in the night o f 26 Inundation is a means of defence that has to 27 October 1914 been used frequently in the Low Countries 3 Spillway of the Noordvaart canal, through which the flooding was carried out on 29 October at least since the end of the 16th century. -
2021 (67) Aug.Pdf
The Spire Sentinel The Newsletter & Magazine of The Chesterfield Branch of The Western Front Association ISSUE 67 – August 2021 Our aims are 'Remembrance and Sharing the History of the Great War'. - 1 - Issue 67 – list of contents 2 – Contents Page + WFA Webinars 3 –Notes from the Chair + August Speaker 4 Secretary`s Scribbles 5 - 6 Garrison Library 7 Branded Goods 8 – 10 Asquith and Lloyd George 11 – 12 To leave it all behind….. 12 – 18 Chivalry – last Farewell 19 – 29 The Great War and the Fundamental Problem of Breaking Though the Front 30 – 32 Barnsley Pals Colours are Home again ! 33 Yorkshire Trench Appeal August 2021 WFA Webinar (Planned Presentations) WFA ZOOM MEETINGS For August but please keep an eye on the Website and Facebook pages as sometimes there are amendments during the month Follow these links for registering (please note dates and times) 02 AUG 2021 A fine feat of War: The taking of Mont St Quentin 1918 by JulianWhippy http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/events/online-a-fine-feat- of-war-the-taking-of-mont-st-quentin-1918-by-julian-whippy/ 14 AUG 2021 HYBRID ONLINE/LIVE MEETING: The U Boat Campaign and Experiences 1914-18 by Graham Kemp http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/events/hybrid- onlinelive-meeting-the-u-boat-campaign-and-experiences-1914-18-by-graham-kemp/ 16 AUG 2021 The Battle that Saved the BEF: Le Cateau, 26 August 1914 by Dr Spencer Jones http://www.westernfrontassociation.com/events/online-the-battle-that-saved- the-bef-le-cateau-26-august-1914-by-dr-spencer-jones/ 30 AUG 2021 ONLINE: Secrets and Lies: Operation Llandovery Castle. -
Download Article
The Post Hole Issue 19 3 A Brief History of Great War Archaeology on the Western Front Alex Sotheran The Great War of 1914-1918 was a time of major upheaval and change throughout Europe and the world. The four year conflict left millions dead and changed parts of the landscape of France and Belgium forever. The scars of battle are still prevalent today in the form of trenches, craters and damage to buildings; it is these scars the modern day battlefield archaeologist hopes to explore and further understand. This article intends to give a rough guide to the history of archaeological practices carried out on the Western Front. A massive amount of data is available for the study of the Great War in a historical sense. Data from the Official Histories down to the letters and diaries of private soldiers exists for study and are readily available. The problem that lies within this data set is that it is subjective in that it only records army movements (as in the Official Histories) or how a particular person was feeling about a certain situation (as in the diaries). What this data rarely covers is the minutiae of every day life of the soldiers and the daily routine of trench life. This is where Great War archaeology bridges the gap in an attempt to understand the Great War from another perspective. Great War archaeology had been in existence since the very outbreak of the war with the creation of the longest section faces ever known with the digging of the trenches by the opposing armies. -
The Lost Legions of Fromelles Free
FREE THE LOST LEGIONS OF FROMELLES PDF Peter Barton | 448 pages | 17 Jul 2014 | Little, Brown Book Group | 9781472117120 | English | London, United Kingdom Book review: The Lost Legions of Fromelles Intended as a diversion from the Somme, Fromelles was was the worst-ever military disaster in Australian history, and is recognised as one of the bloodiest and most useless battles of the First World War. With the recent discovery of a mass grave and the disinterment of many diggers, it has now entered national consciousness in the same way as Gallipoli. Barton's research has revealed that the Australian frontline troops gave away critical Allied secrets to the Germans The Lost Legions of Fromelles is the most authoritative book on this staggering disaster, combining new scholarship on the battle with The Lost Legions of Fromelles account of recent events to dispel many myths in a rich and compelling history. I found this book very interesting and very sad. I had to reread several sections twice as I could not believe the blunders that the allies had made causing such immense casualties. I commend the Peter Barton is a historian, archaeologist and film-maker. His other books include The SommePasschendaeleand Arras. He continues to lead an ongoing project to recover, interpret and publish all surviving battlefield panoramas. Barton The Lost Legions of Fromelles also led several major excavations on The Lost Legions of Fromelles Western Front, and produced the critically acclaimed documentary films The Underground WarThe Soldiers' Pilgrimage and Conviction. Peter Barton. The Lost Legions of Fromelles - Peter Barton - - Allen & Unwin - Australia Controversial and groundbreaking, this is the most authoritative book ever written on the battle of The Lost Legions of Fromelles - the worst day in Australia's entire military history. -
Passchendaele Remembered
1917-2017 PASSCHENDAELE REMEMBERED CE AR NT W E T N A A E R R Y G THE JOURNAL OF THE WESTERN FRONT ASSOCIATION FOUNDED 1980 JUNE/JULY 2017 NUMBER 109 2 014-2018 www.westernfrontassociation.com With one of the UK’s most established and highly-regarded departments of War Studies, the University of Wolverhampton is recruiting for its part-time, campus based MA in the History of Britain and the First World War. With an emphasis on high-quality teaching in a friendly and supportive environment, the course is taught by an international team of critically-acclaimed historians, led by WFA Vice-President Professor Gary Sheffield and including WFA President Professor Peter Simkins; WFA Vice-President Professor John Bourne; Professor Stephen Badsey; Dr Spencer Jones; and Professor John Buckley. This is the strongest cluster of scholars specialising in the military history of the First World War to be found in any conventional UK university. The MA is broadly-based with study of the Western Front its core. Other theatres such as Gallipoli and Palestine are also covered, as is strategy, the War at Sea, the War in the Air and the Home Front. We also offer the following part-time MAs in: • Second World War Studies: Conflict, Societies, Holocaust (campus based) • Military History by distance learning (fully-online) For more information, please visit: www.wlv.ac.uk/pghistory Call +44 (0)1902 321 081 Email: [email protected] Postgraduate loans and loyalty discounts may also be available. If you would like to arrange an informal discussion about the MA in the History of Britain and the First World War, please email the Course Leader, Professor Gary Sheffield: [email protected] Do you collect WW1 Crested China? The Western Front Association (Durham Branch) 1917-2017 First World War Centenary Conference & Exhibition Saturday 14 October 2017 Cornerstones, Chester-le-Street Methodist Church, North Burns, Chester-le-Street DH3 3TF 09:30-16:30 (doors open 09:00) Tickets £25 (includes tea/coffee, buffet lunch) Tel No. -
The Development of Weaponry During the War Years
THE DEVELOPMENT OF WEAPONRY DURING THE WAR YEARS The Development of Weaponry during the War Years – Contents 1 The Great war arsenal of weapons 3 1.1 Guns and grenades 3 1.2 Heavy artillery 3 1.3 Mines 4 1.4 Gas 4 1.5 Tanks 5 1.6 War in the air 5 2 individuaL stories 6 2.1 Georges Guynemer 6 2.2 Extracts from the letters of Frank Vans Agnew, British soldier 6 2.3 First-hand accounts of tank warfare 7 3 Things to see 8 3.1 Memorial Museum Passchendaele 8 3.2 Guynemer Pavilion 9 3.3 Lange Max Museum 9 3.4 Langemark-Poelcapelle tank memorial 9 4 More information 9 4.1 Websites 10 4.2 Pictures 10 4.3 Interviews 10 4.4 Visit Flanders contacts 11 4.5 Sources 11 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // Pagina 2 van 11 In 1914, the technical, technological, and scientific advances of the 19th century were co-opted for military purposes and applied in the pursuit of military strategy. This led to major tactical changes, industrialised the conflict, and profoundly transformed the way war was conducted and combat engaged in. The first major change was in relation to weaponry. The war of position characterised by the trenches froze the front line, with two armies facing each other across no-man’s-land. In this situation, reminiscent of siege warfare, defence was the central focus of the struggle. Artillery came to dominate the battlefields, employed with the aim of punching holes in the enemy lines and saving the lives of one’s own soldiers.