Giuseppe Rossi

Operation of Complex Water Systems Operation, Planning, and Analysis of Already Developed Water Systems NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical and D. Reidel Publishing Company Physical Sciences Dordrecht and Boston 0 Behavioural and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Social Sciences Boston/The Hague/DordrechtlLancaster E Applied Sciences F Computer and Springer Verlag Systems Sciences Berlin/Heidelberg/New York G Ecological Sciences Series E: Applied Sciences - No. 58 Operation of Complex Water Systems Operation, Planning and Analysis of Already Developed Water Systems edited by Emanuele Guggino Professor and Director of the Institute for Hydraulics, Hydrology, and Water Management at the University of Catania Catania, Sicily, Italy Giuseppe Rossi Professor at the Institute for Hydraulics, Hydrology, and Water Management at the University of Catania Catana, Sicily, Italy David Hendricks Professor of Civil Engineering at Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 1983 Martinus NiJhoff Publishers ~. A member of the Kluwer Academic Publishers Group l'1li Boston / The Hague / Dordrecht / Lancaster • Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Operation of Complex Water Systems", Erice, Sicily, May 23 - June 2, 1981 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data NATO Advanced Study Institute on "Operation of Complex Water Systems" (1981 : Erice, Italy) Operation of complex water systems. (NATO advanced study institutes series. Series E, Applied sciences; v. 58) 1. Water supply engineering--Congresses. I. Guggino, Emanuele. II. Rossi, Giuseppe. III. Hendricks, David W. IV. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. V. Title. VI. Series. TD201.N37 1981 628.1 82-22529 ISBN-13: 978-94-009-6809-7 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-6807-3 DO I: 10.1 007/978-94-009-6807-3 Distributors for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Boston, Inc., 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, USA Distributors for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 566, 2501 CN The Hague, The Netherlands Copyright © 1983 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1983 v CONTENTS Preface ....................................................... vii Acknowledgments .............................................. viii Authors....................................................... ix Biographical Notes. xiv Introduction: THE SYSTEMS APPROACH TO WATER MANAGEMENT Giuseppe Rossi xv PART I: OPERATION OF COMPLEX WATER SYSTEMS 1 1. CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPLEX WATER SySTEMS............. 3 Costantino A. Fasso 2. PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF WATER RESOURCE SYSTEM OPERATION 21 Salvatore Indelicato 3. IMPROVED METHODS OF WATER SYSTEM OPERATION. .. 2.6 Lloyd C. Fowler PART II: SYSTEMS ANALYSIS METHODOLOGIES 33 4. DISAGGREGATION AND AGGREGATION OF WATER SYSTEMS... 35 Jose D. Salas and Warren A. Hall, and R. A. Smith 5. APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL SYSTEMS ANALYSIS 61 Lucien Duckstein 6. OPTIMAL OPERATION OF RESERVOIRS BY DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING. 97 Ricardo Harboe 7. SIMULATION MODELING OF A REGIONAL WATER SYSTEM 112 C. Bartolomei, P. Celico, Y. Emsellem, F. Mangano, A. Pecoraro, A. del Treste, and D. Verney 8. WATER QUALITY MODELING 120 David W. Hendricks 9. DESIGN OF OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONS FOR WATER RESOU RCES SYSTEMS . 139 Vujica Yevjevich 10. WATER QUALITY MODELING OF GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS. .. 156 Marcello Benedini PART III: DECISION MAKING 173 11. HYDROLOGIC FORECASTING FOR OPERATION................ 175 Vujica Yevjevich 12. WATER DEMAND FORECASTING.. ... ...... .. ... .... .. .. 1~ Luis Veiga da Cunha 13. OPERATING RULES FOR STORAGE RESERVOIRS................ 208 Jose D. Salas and Warren A. Hall 14. APPLICATION OF DECISION THEORY TO OPERATION.......... 226 Lucien Duckstein 15. SOCIETAL CONSTRAINTS IN DECISION MAKING............... 261 Norman Wengert VI PART IV: INSTITUTIONAL AND ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES 275 16. WATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS .. " . .. 277 Norman Wengert 17. ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS ....... " . 293 Luis Veiga da Cunha 18. LEGAL ASPECTS OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL............. 304 Giovanni Torregrossa 19. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF WATER PROJECTS............. 311 Asit K. Biswas 20. COST SHARING IN MULTI-USER WATER PROJECTS. •. 321 A. G. Conybeare Williams 21. EDUCATIONAL NEEDS FOR THE OPERATION OF COMPLEX WATER SYSTEMS. .. 348 Emanuele Guggino PART V: CASE STUDIES 353 22. MANAGEMENT OF WATER SERVICES IN ENGLAND AND WALES. 355 A. G. Conybeare Williams 23. RESERVOIR OPERATION IN THE WUPPER RIVER SYSTEM ...... 372 Ricardo Harboe 24. OPERATION OF WATER SYSTEMS IN EASTERN SiCiLy .......... 394 Giuseppe Rossi, Emanuele Guggino, and Salvatore Indelicato 25. WATER MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS IN EASTERN SICILY ..... 411 Emilio Giardina and Salvatore E. Battiato 26. WASTEWATER REUSE STUDIES APPLIED TO THE MEZZOGIORNO 418 Fulvio Croce 27. THE SANTA CLARA VALLEY WATER DISTRICT ................. 429 Lloyd C. Fowler 28. INCREASING THE YIELD OF CACHUMA RESERVOIR ........... 442 Lloyd C. Fowler 29. WATER SUPPLY IN ORANGE COUNTy ....................... 454 Neil Cline 30. INTERNATIONAL WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF THE RHINE RIVER .................................................... 472 Vladimir Mandl and H. Vrijhof 31. INSTITUTIONAL PROBLEMS IN THE OPERATION OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS ...................................... 485 Luis S. Pereira 32. THE WATER RESOURCES OF TURKEY ........................ 491!i Ibrahim Gurer 33. GENERATION OF RUNOFF DATA FOR UNGAGED STREAMS ..... G. A. Fuller VII PREFACE Most water systems in the industrial regions of the world are already developed. At the same time they are highly complex. This is true with respect to physical configuration, managment, operation, political goals, environmental interactions, etc. Thus the basic systems are already in place. This realization is the starting point for any new water developments and for operation. From this we conclude that whatever we do to meet new exigencies requires an understanding of the presently in-place complex water systems. Their operation is the important thing. And how can we adjust their operation to meet the new demands upon the system? This book deals with complex water systems and their operation. Some chapters are highly theoretical while others are rooted in practical applications. How can we an~lyze the operation of a complex water system and determine how its performance can be improved? Several chapters on mathematical analysis give approaches involving different aspects of this problem. But operation also has political, management, and physical aspects. These problems are addressed in chapters by managers who operate such systems. The main theme of all chapters is how to deal with the different aspects of a complex water system, already in place. We feel the book, in dealing with this question could be a start for new theoretical premises in water planning. The book has been developed from the papers presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute entitled, "Operation of Complex Water Systems," held at Erice, Sicily, May 23-June 2, 1981. The institute was organized by the School of Water Resources Management of the Centre Ettore Majorana, an enterprise headquartered at the Istituto di Idraulica, Idrologia, e Gestione delle Acque and the Istituto di Idraulica Agraria, Universita di Catania. The book is one of the significant accomplishemnts of the first ten years of three-way cooperation in the area of water management between the University of Catania, FORMEZ, and Colorado State University. Each chapter was edited during a process of continuing refinement to change the style from conference paper to book chapter. Thus the book is more than a collection of seminar papers, it is a document intended for communication with others in the field, and as a beginning of professional thought about operation of already developed complex water systems. Emanuel Guggino Giuseppe Rossi David Hendricks VIII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book was developed from the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute, Operation of Complex Water Systems, held 23 May to 2 June, 1981 at the Ettore Majorana Centre for Scientific Culture, Erice, Sicily, directed by Antonio Zichichi. The NATO Institute was conceived during two year period which involved the participation of the editors' together with Professor Vujica Yevjevich, and Professor Guido Calenda. Dr. Mario DiLullo, Director of the ASI Program, provided continuing support in helping the development of the institute. The NATO ASI Program provided the major financial support. Other sponsors for the institute include Centro Formazione e Studi per il Mezzogiorno, Cassa per il Mezzogiorno, Ministero dei Lavori Pubblici, Ministero della Pubblica Isstruzione, Ministero per

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