Notes on Dubious Spider Species from Europe
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Comparative Functional Morphology of Attachment Devices in Arachnida
Comparative functional morphology of attachment devices in Arachnida Vergleichende Funktionsmorphologie der Haftstrukturen bei Spinnentieren (Arthropoda: Arachnida) DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) an der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel vorgelegt von Jonas Otto Wolff geboren am 20. September 1986 in Bergen auf Rügen Kiel, den 2. Juni 2015 Erster Gutachter: Prof. Stanislav N. Gorb _ Zweiter Gutachter: Dr. Dirk Brandis _ Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 17. Juli 2015 _ Zum Druck genehmigt: 17. Juli 2015 _ gez. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang J. Duschl, Dekan Acknowledgements I owe Prof. Stanislav Gorb a great debt of gratitude. He taught me all skills to get a researcher and gave me all freedom to follow my ideas. I am very thankful for the opportunity to work in an active, fruitful and friendly research environment, with an interdisciplinary team and excellent laboratory equipment. I like to express my gratitude to Esther Appel, Joachim Oesert and Dr. Jan Michels for their kind and enthusiastic support on microscopy techniques. I thank Dr. Thomas Kleinteich and Dr. Jana Willkommen for their guidance on the µCt. For the fruitful discussions and numerous information on physical questions I like to thank Dr. Lars Heepe. I thank Dr. Clemens Schaber for his collaboration and great ideas on how to measure the adhesive forces of the tiny glue droplets of harvestmen. I thank Angela Veenendaal and Bettina Sattler for their kind help on administration issues. Especially I thank my students Ingo Grawe, Fabienne Frost, Marina Wirth and André Karstedt for their commitment and input of ideas. -
Author's Personal Copy
Author's personal copy Oecologia DOI 10.1007/s00442-013-2594-y COMMUNITY ECOLOGY - ORIGINAL RESEARCH Ant exclusion in citrus over an 8-year period reveals a pervasive yet changing effect of ants on a Mediterranean spider assemblage L. Mestre • J. Pin˜ol • J. A. Barrientos • X. Espadaler Received: 13 May 2012 / Accepted: 10 January 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Ants and spiders are ubiquitous generalist especially strong for sedentary spiders. Analyses at the predators that exert top-down control on herbivore popu- family level also detected assemblage differences between lations. Research shows that intraguild interactions treatments, but they concealed the different responses to between ants and spiders can negatively affect spider ant exclusion shown by some related spider species. Our populations, but there is a lack of long-term research findings show that the effects of experimental manipula- documenting the strength of such interactions and the tions in ecology can vary greatly over time and highlight potentially different effects of ants on the diverse array of the need for long-term studies to document species species in a spider assemblage. Similarly, the suitability of interactions. family-level surrogates for finding patterns revealed by species-level data (taxonomic sufficiency) has almost never Keywords Agroecosystem Á Ant exclusion Á been tested in spider assemblages. We present a long-term Competition Á Intraguild interactions Á Taxonomic study in which we tested the impact of ants on the spider resolution assemblage of a Mediterranean citrus grove by performing sequential 1-year experimental exclusions on tree canopies for 8 years. We found that ants had a widespread influence Introduction on the spider assemblage, although the effect was only evident in the last 5 years of the study. -
T.C. Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dali
T.C. Z, DEMİR, 2017 Z, DEMİR, NİĞDE ÖMER HALİSDEMİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ BİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI ACULEPEIRA CEROPEGIA (WALCKENEAR, 1802) (ARANEAE: ARANEIDAE) TÜRÜNDE KİTİN VE KİTOSAN İZOLASYONU VE FİZİKOKİMYASAL KARAKTERİZASYONU YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ LİSANS YÜKSEK ZEHRA DEMİR FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ BİLİMLERİ FEN ÖMER HALİSDEMİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ HALİSDEMİR ÖMER Eylül 2017 NİĞDE NİĞDE T.C. NİĞDE ÖMER HALİSDEMİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ BİYOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI ACULEPEIRA CEROPEGIA (WALCKENEAR, 1802) (ARANEAE: ARANEIDAE) TÜRÜNDE KİTİN VE KİTOSAN İZOLASYONU VE FİZİKOKİMYASAL KARAKTERİZASYONU ZEHRA DEMİR Yüksek Lisans Tezi Danışman Doç. Dr. Osman SEYYAR Eylül 2017 1 TEZ BİLDİRİMİ Tez içindeki bütün bilgilerin bilimsel ve akademik kurallar çerçevesinde elde edilerek sunulduğunu, ayrıca tez yazım kurallarına uygun olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada bana ait olmayan her türlü ifade ve bilginin kaynağına eksiksiz atıf yapıldığını bildiririm. Zehra DEMİR 2 ÖZET ACULEPEIRA CEROPEGIA (WALCKENEAR, 1802) (ARANEAE: ARANEIDAE) TÜRÜNDE KİTİN VE KİTOSAN İZOLASYONU VE FİZİKOKİMYASAL KARAKTERİZASYONU DEMİR, Zehra Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Danışman : Doç. Dr. Osman SEYYAR Eylül 2017, 32 sayfa Kitin ve kitosan son zamanlarda endüstri alanında oldukça dikkat çekmektedir ve ilaç endüstrisi, eczacılık, gıda mühendisliği, biyokatalizör, atık su temizliği gibi pek çok alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. Kitin endüstriyel olarak yengeç, karides ve istakoz gibi deniz ürünlerinden yan sanayi olarak üretilmektedir. -
Spider Biodiversity Patterns and Their Conservation in the Azorean
Systematics and Biodiversity 6 (2): 249–282 Issued 6 June 2008 doi:10.1017/S1477200008002648 Printed in the United Kingdom C The Natural History Museum ∗ Paulo A.V. Borges1 & Joerg Wunderlich2 Spider biodiversity patterns and their 1Azorean Biodiversity Group, Departamento de Ciˆencias conservation in the Azorean archipelago, Agr´arias, CITA-A, Universidade dos Ac¸ores. Campus de Angra, with descriptions of new species Terra-Ch˜a; Angra do Hero´ısmo – 9700-851 – Terceira (Ac¸ores); Portugal. Email: [email protected] 2Oberer H¨auselbergweg 24, Abstract In this contribution, we report on patterns of spider species diversity of 69493 Hirschberg, Germany. the Azores, based on recently standardised sampling protocols in different hab- Email: joergwunderlich@ t-online.de itats of this geologically young and isolated volcanic archipelago. A total of 122 species is investigated, including eight new species, eight new records for the submitted December 2005 Azorean islands and 61 previously known species, with 131 new records for indi- accepted November 2006 vidual islands. Biodiversity patterns are investigated, namely patterns of range size distribution for endemics and non-endemics, habitat distribution patterns, island similarity in species composition and the estimation of species richness for the Azores. Newly described species are: Oonopidae – Orchestina furcillata Wunderlich; Linyphiidae: Linyphiinae – Porrhomma borgesi Wunderlich; Turinyphia cavernicola Wunderlich; Linyphiidae: Micronetinae – Agyneta depigmentata Wunderlich; Linyph- iidae: -
Araneae) Parasite–Host Association
2006. The Journal of Arachnology 34:273–278 SHORT COMMUNICATION FIRST UNEQUIVOCAL MERMITHID–LINYPHIID (ARANEAE) PARASITE–HOST ASSOCIATION David Penney: Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. E-mail: [email protected] Susan P. Bennett: Biological Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK. ABSTRACT. The first description of a Mermithidae–Linyphiidae parasite–host association is presented. The nematode is preserved exiting the abdomen of the host, which is a juvenile Tenuiphantes species (Araneae, Linyphiidae), collected from the Isle of Mull, UK. An updated taxonomic list of known mer- mithid spider hosts is provided. The ecology of known spider hosts with regard to the direct and indirect life cycles of mermithid worms suggests that both occur in spiders. Keywords: Aranimermis, Isle of Mull, Linyphiidae, Mermithidae, Nematoda Nematode parasites of spiders are restricted to an updated and taxonomically correct list in Table the family Mermithidae but are not uncommon 1. Here we describe the first Mermithidae–Liny- (Poinar 1985, 1987) and were first reported almost phiidae parasite–host association and discuss the two and a half centuries ago (Roesel 1761). How- ecology of known spider hosts with regard to the ever, given the difficulty of identifying and rearing life cycles of mermithid worms. post-parasitic juvenile mermithids, they have re- This paper concerns three spider specimens, one ceived inadequate systematic treatment (Poinar with a worm in situ and two that are presumed to 1985). In addition, the complete life history is have been parasitized, but from which the worms known for only one species of these spider parasites have emerged and are lost. -
Spiders from the Ionian Islands of Kerkyra (Corfu) and Lefkada, Greece (Arachnida: Aranei)
Arthropoda Selecta 23(3): 285–300 © ARTHROPODA SELECTA, 2014 Spiders from the Ionian islands of Kerkyra (Corfu) and Lefkada, Greece (Arachnida: Aranei) Ïàóêè Èîíè÷åñêèõ îñòðîâîâ Êåðêèðà (Êîðôó) è Ëåâêàäà, Ãðåöèÿ (Arachnida: Aranei) Anthony Russell-Smith Ý. Ðàññåë-Ñìèò 1, Bailiffs Cottage, Doddington, Sittingbourne, Kent ME9 0JU, the UK. KEY WORDS: Aranei, Greece, Ionian islands, faunistic list. КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: Aranei, Греция, Ионические острова, фаунистический список. ABSTRACT. A list of spiders collected from the remains limited compared to that for most of central Ionian islands of Kerkyra and Lefkada is provided and NW Europe, as is the case for all areas of the together with a list of all previously published records. eastern Mediterranean. An important recent advance Information is provided on collection localities, habi- was the publication of an annotated catalogue of the tats and geographic distribution of all species record- Greek spider fauna [Bosmans & Chatzaki, 2005]. This ed. A total of 94 species were collected in Kerkyra, of listed a total of 856 valid species for the country, which 37 had not been previously recorded. 98 species although that figure has been substantially increased by were collected in Lefkada, of which 71 were new records subsequent work. Since then, provisional checklists for the island. Currently, 243 spider species are record- have been published for the islands of Lesbos [Bos- ed from Kerkyra and 117 species from Lefkada. Five mans et al., 2009], Chios [Russell-Smith et al., 2011] species collected were new records for Greece: Agyne- and Crete [Bosmans et al., 2013]. These checklists ta mollis, Tenuiphantes herbicola (Lefkada), Trichon- apart, there has been little published on the spider cus sordidus (Kerkyra), Tmarus stellio (Kerkyra) and faunas of individual regions of Greece. -
Araneus Bonali Sp. N., a Novel Lichen-Patterned Species Found on Oak Trunks (Araneae, Araneidae)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 779: 119–145Araneus (2018) bonali sp. n., a novel lichen-patterned species found on oak trunks... 119 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.779.26944 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Araneus bonali sp. n., a novel lichen-patterned species found on oak trunks (Araneae, Araneidae) Eduardo Morano1, Raul Bonal2,3 1 DITEG Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain 2 Forest Research Group, INDEHESA, University of Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain 3 CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain Corresponding author: Raul Bonal ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Arnedo | Received 24 May 2018 | Accepted 25 June 2018 | Published 7 August 2018 http://zoobank.org/A9C69D63-59D8-4A4B-A362-966C463337B8 Citation: Morano E, Bonal R (2018) Araneus bonali sp. n., a novel lichen-patterned species found on oak trunks (Araneae, Araneidae). ZooKeys 779: 119–145. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.779.26944 Abstract The new species Araneus bonali Morano, sp. n. (Araneae, Araneidae) collected in central and western Spain is described and illustrated. Its novel status is confirmed after a thorough revision of the literature and museum material from the Mediterranean Basin. The taxonomy of Araneus is complicated, but both morphological and molecular data supported the genus membership of Araneus bonali Morano, sp. n. Additionally, the species uniqueness was confirmed by sequencing the barcode gene cytochrome oxidase I from the new species and comparing it with the barcodes available for species of Araneus. A molecular phylogeny, based on nuclear and mitochondrial genes, retrieved a clade with a moderate support that grouped Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757 with another eleven species, but neither included Araneus bonali sp. -
Causes and Consequences of External Female Genital Mutilation
Causes and consequences of external female genital mutilation I n a u g u r a l d i s s e r t a t i o n Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. Nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Greifswald Vorgelegt von Pierick Mouginot Greifswald, 14.12.2018 Dekan: Prof. Dr. Werner Weitschies 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Gabriele Uhl 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Klaus Reinhardt Datum der Promotion: 13.03.2019 Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................................. 6 1.2. Aims of the presented work ................................................................................................ 14 2. References ................................................................................................................................... 16 3. Publications .................................................................................................................................. 22 3.1. Chapter 1: Securing paternity by mutilating female genitalia in spiders .......................... 23 3.2. Chapter 2: Evolution of external female genital mutilation: why do males harm their mates?.................................................................................................................................. -
Arachnida: Araneae
This article was downloaded by: [Omid Mirshamsi] On: 03 October 2014, At: 22:35 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK Zoology in the Middle East Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tzme20 New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae) Alireza Zamania, Zahra Nikmaghamb, Maryam Allahdadib, Fereshteh Ghassemzadehb & Omid Mirshamsibc a Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology and Centre of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran b Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran c Research Department of Zoological Innovations (RDZI), Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Published online: 01 Oct 2014. To cite this article: Alireza Zamani, Zahra Nikmagham, Maryam Allahdadi, Fereshteh Ghassemzadeh & Omid Mirshamsi (2014): New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae), Zoology in the Middle East, DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2014.970383 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2014.970383 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. -
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Endemic Giant Tarantula
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of endemic giant tarantula, Lyrognathus crotalus (Araneae: Theraphosidae) and comparative analysis Vikas Kumar, Kaomud Tyagi *, Rajasree Chakraborty, Priya Prasad, Shantanu Kundu, Inderjeet Tyagi & Kailash Chandra The complete mitochondrial genome of Lyrognathus crotalus is sequenced, annotated and compared with other spider mitogenomes. It is 13,865 bp long and featured by 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), and a control region (CR). Most of the PCGs used ATN start codon except cox3, and nad4 with TTG. Comparative studies indicated the use of TTG, TTA, TTT, GTG, CTG, CTA as start codons by few PCGs. Most of the tRNAs were truncated and do not fold into the typical cloverleaf structure. Further, the motif (CATATA) was detected in CR of nine species including L. crotalus. The gene arrangement of L. crotalus compared with ancestral arthropod showed the transposition of fve tRNAs and one tandem duplication random loss (TDRL) event. Five plesiomophic gene blocks (A-E) were identifed, of which, four (A, B, D, E) retained in all taxa except family Salticidae. However, block C was retained in Mygalomorphae and two families of Araneomorphae (Hypochilidae and Pholcidae). Out of 146 derived gene boundaries in all taxa, 15 synapomorphic gene boundaries were identifed. TreeREx analysis also revealed the transposition of trnI, which makes three derived boundaries and congruent with the result of the gene boundary mapping. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference showed similar topologies and congruent with morphology, and previously reported multi-gene phylogeny. However, the Gene-Order based phylogeny showed sister relationship of L. -
Spider Ecology in Southwestern Zimbabwe, with Emphasis on the Impact of Holistic Planned Grazing Practices Sicelo Sebata Thesis
Spider ecology in southwestern Zimbabwe, with emphasis on the impact of holistic planned grazing practices Sicelo Sebata Thesis submitted in satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in the Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State January 2020 Supervisors Prof. Charles R. Haddad (PhD): Associate Professor: Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa. Prof. Stefan H. Foord (PhD): Professor: Department of Zoology, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, South Africa. Dr. Moira J FitzPatrick (PhD): Regional Director: Natural History Museums of Zimbabwe, cnr Park Road and Leopold Takawira Avenue, Centenary Park Suburbs, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. i STUDENT DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby assert that the work included in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not beforehand in its totality or in part submitted it at any university for a degree. I also relinquish copyright of the thesis in favour of the University of the Free State. S. Sebata 31 January 2020 ii SUPERVISOR DECLARATION iii DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this thesis to all the spiders that lost their lives in the name of Science. iv ABSTRACT The current information on Zimbabwean spiders is fairly poor and is mostly restricted to taxonomic descriptions, while their ecology remains largely unknown. While taxonomic studies are very important, as many species are becoming extinct before they are described, a focus on the ecology of spiders is also essential, as it helps with addressing vital questions such as the effect of anthropogenic activities on spider fauna. -
Araneae (Spider) Photos
Araneae (Spider) Photos Araneae (Spiders) About Information on: Spider Photos of Links to WWW Spiders Spiders of North America Relationships Spider Groups Spider Resources -- An Identification Manual About Spiders As in the other arachnid orders, appendage specialization is very important in the evolution of spiders. In spiders the five pairs of appendages of the prosoma (one of the two main body sections) that follow the chelicerae are the pedipalps followed by four pairs of walking legs. The pedipalps are modified to serve as mating organs by mature male spiders. These modifications are often very complicated and differences in their structure are important characteristics used by araneologists in the classification of spiders. Pedipalps in female spiders are structurally much simpler and are used for sensing, manipulating food and sometimes in locomotion. It is relatively easy to tell mature or nearly mature males from female spiders (at least in most groups) by looking at the pedipalps -- in females they look like functional but small legs while in males the ends tend to be enlarged, often greatly so. In young spiders these differences are not evident. There are also appendages on the opisthosoma (the rear body section, the one with no walking legs) the best known being the spinnerets. In the first spiders there were four pairs of spinnerets. Living spiders may have four e.g., (liphistiomorph spiders) or three pairs (e.g., mygalomorph and ecribellate araneomorphs) or three paris of spinnerets and a silk spinning plate called a cribellum (the earliest and many extant araneomorph spiders). Spinnerets' history as appendages is suggested in part by their being projections away from the opisthosoma and the fact that they may retain muscles for movement Much of the success of spiders traces directly to their extensive use of silk and poison.