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MEMBER REPORT [Republic of Korea] ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee 15th Integrated Workshop Video Conference, Vietnam 1 – 2 December 2020 CONTENTS I. Overview of tropical cyclones which have affected/impacted the Member area since the last Committee session 1. Meteorological Assessment 2. Hydrological Assessment 3. Socio-Economic Assessment II. Summary of Progress in Priorities supporting Key Result Areas [WGM] 1. Web-based Portal to Provide Products of Seasonal Typhoon Activity Outlook for TC Members (POP1) 2. New Classification of Typhoon Intensity 3. Service of Five-day Tropical Depression (TD) Forecast 4. Operational Service of GEO-KOMPSAT-2A 5. Developing Typhoon Analysis Technique based on Weather Radar Network 6. Preliminary Observation of Typhoon using KMA/NIMS Atmospheric Research Aircraft (NARA) 7. Total Water Level Prediction for Typhoon-related Disaster Reduction 8. Special Exhibition ‘Confession of the One-eyed Wind’ [WGH] 9. Research Project on Establishment of Hydrological Data Quality Control in TC Members 10. Task Improvement to Empower Capability in National Flood Forecasting 11. Enhancement of Flood Forecasting Reliability with Advanced Technologies 12. Flood Risk Map of Korea [WGDRR] 13. Capacity Building / Knowledge sharing in DRR 14. Maintenance on the ARWS and FFAS installed in the Philippines from 2013 to 2015 15. The Video Meeting of Typhoon Committee Working Group on Disaster Risk Reduction 16. Sharing Information Related to DRR 2 I. Overview of tropical cyclones which have affected/impacted Member’s area since the last Committee Session 1. Meteorological Assessment (highlighting forecasting issues/impacts) Twenty two typhoons have occurred by November 26, 2020 in the western North Pacific basin. The number of typhoons in 2020 was below normal compared to the 30-year (1981-2010) average number of occurrences (25.6). Four out of twenty two typhoons, including JANGMI (2005), BAVI (2008), MAYSAK (2009), HAISHEN (2010), have influenced the Korean Peninsula from August to September; JANGMI (2005), MAYSAK (2009), and HAISHEN (2010) made landfall on the Korean Peninsula. The tracks of the typhoons affecting the Peninsula are presented in Fig. I-1. Fig. I-1. TC tracks that affected the Korean Peninsula in 2020 JANGMI (2005) made landfall south of Geojedo in the southeastern part of Tongyeong on August 10. It then downgraded into a tropical depression in the west-northwest part of Ulsan on the same day. It moved to the northeast and passed through the Korean Peninsula. During the passage, heavy rainfall of 304 mm was recorded in the northern part of Korea. Peak gusts exceeded 28 m/s in the northeastern part of Korea. BAVI (2008) occurred at sea approximately 200 km in the southeastern part of Taipei, Taiwan on August 22, 2020. After passing through the West Sea of Korea, it landed on Ungjin in Hwanghaedo, North Korea on August 27. It was weakened as a tropical depression on land approximately 180 km into the eastern part of Shenyang, China on the same day, bringing a significant amount of rainfall 3 with strong winds. From August 26 to 27, accumulated precipitation of more than 472 mm was recorded around Halla Mountain on Jeju Island. A peak gust of 66 m/s was observed in Jeolla Province. In addition, high waves of more than 8 m were observed in the West Sea of Korea. MAYSAK (2009) made landfall on the southwestern coast of Busan on September 3, 2020. Passing through the east sea of Jeju, it moved northeastward; Korea experienced high winds and heavy rainfall from September 2 to 3. During that period, an accumulated precipitation of more than 1037 mm was recorded at Seogwipo on Jeju Island. A peak gust of 46 m/s was recorded in Gyeongsang Province. In addition, high waves of more than 8 m and less than 12 m were observed in the southern sea and east sea of Korea. HAISHEN (2010) made landfall on the southern coast of Ulsan on September 7, 2020. From October 1 to 2, an accumulated precipitation of more than 547 mm was recorded on Halla Mountain on Jeju Island. A peak gust of 42 m/s was observed in Gyeongsang Province. No. 5. JANGMI (August 10-11) No. 8. BAVI (August 26-27) 4 No. 9. MAYSAK (September 2-3) No.10. HAISHEN (September 6-7) Fig. I-2. Distribution of accumulated rainfall (left) and gust (right) during the passage of seven typhoons affecting the Korean Peninsula. 2. Hydrological Assessment (highlighting water-related issues/impact) Typhoon No.5 JANGMI was a tropical storm with a central pressure of 1,000 hPa, a maximum wind speed of 18 m/s, and strong with radius of 460 km at 3 o’clock on August 9, and occurred in the sea around 600 km southwest of Okinawa, Japan. According to the KMA, it landed in Geoje-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea around 14:50 on August 10. It was interpreted that it was transformed into extratropical cyclone with a central atmospheric pressure of 998 hPa on land around 17:00 on August 10, about 10 km northwest of Ulsan Metropolitan City. Fortunately, there was no major damage inland due to its weak power. Typhoon No.8 BAVI occurred near about 200 km southeast of Taipei, Taiwan. It reached its maximum peak at 9 o'clock on August 26, about 210 km southwest of Seogwipo, Jeju Island, Korea. Due to Typhoon BAVI, the instantaneous maximum wind speed of 47.4 m/s was recorded at 20:29 on 5 August 26 in Heuksan-do, Sinan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea. Typhoon BAVI inflicted large and small accidents such as traffic control in some areas in the southwest Korea peninsula; however, contrary to the original expectations, it passed without relatively large damage to Seoul and other metropolitan areas. Typhoon No.9 MAYSAK occurred at 15:00 on August 28 in the sea, about 1,040 km northeast of Manila, Philippines. It landed on the southwest coast of Busan Metropolitan City at 2:20 on September 3 according to the KMA. After landing on the Korean peninsula, it has progressed rapidly northeast. Due to Typhoon MAYSAK, the instantaneous maximum wind speed of 49.2 m/s was recorded in Gosan-ri, Hangyeong-myeon, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, on September 2. Typhoon No.10 HAISHEN occurred on September 1 in the sea, about 780 km north of Guam. It landed on the southern coast of Ulsan Metropolitan City at 9 o'clock on September 7. After landing on the Korean peninsula, it went north at a rapid pace. Especially, Typhoon MAYSAK and HAISHEN caused severe damages to Korea with heavy wind and flooding, respectively. No.9 MAYSAK caused severe damage with both heavy rainfall and wind. It sprinkled more than 1,000 mm of rainfall in the mountainous areas of Jeju Island and drove a strong wind, which is the 7th place in history with a speed of 49.2 m/s. In particular, it penetrated Busan city (a large city following Seoul in Korea) and the Gyeongbuk area (southeast region of Korea), and the amount of direct/indirect damage caused by it was tentatively counted to more than 100 billion KRW (appx. 8.5 million USD). In the Gyeongbuk area, the estimation in the marine and fisheries sector was 46 billion KRW and eight (8) ports suffered damage worth 7 billion KRW. In addition, there were two (2) missing and five (5) injured by No.10 HAISHEN. More than 956 people were evacuated nationwide and about 5,000 households suffered from power outages, and more than 300 flight schedules were cancelled. In 2020, the Flood Control Offices of ROK issued the total of seventy-eight (78) flood watches and thirty-one (31) flood warnings nationwide from July to September and most of them were due to four typhoons that densely occurred in August: • Twenty-one (21) watches and seven (7) warnings by the Han River Flood Control Office; • Twenty-five (25) watches and five (5) warnings by the Nakdong River Flood Control Office; • Thirteen (13) watches and five (5) warnings by the Geum River Flood Control Office; • Nineteen (19) watches and fourteen (14) warnings by the Yeongsan River Flood Control Office 6 Fig. I-3. Locations of 4 Flood Control Offices (FCOs) of Ministry of Environment, ROK 3. Socio-Economic Assessment (highlighting socio-economic and DRR issues/impacts) In 2020, there were a lot of damages due to the record breaking longest rainy season (Changma in Koran) for 54 days ever. At least 30 people had been dead already before first impact typhoon (JANGMI) came. Most of damages have been caused by landslide due to the weakening foundation. Total 4 typhoons affected the ROK from January to October this year (Table 1). Among them, Typhoon MAYSAK and HAISHEN caused casualties and economic damages the most. Table 1. List of typhoons which have affected the Republic of Korea in 2020 No. Typhoon Name Duration 2005 JANGMI August 10 ~ 11 2008 BAVI August 26 ~ 27 2009 MAYSAK September 2 ~ 3. 2010 HAISHEN September 6 ~ 7. (By the courtesy of KMA web site, www.weather.go.kr) JANGMI (2005) was formed south-southwest of Okinawa Island on August 9th. It went north quickly and hit Geoje in the Republic of Korea with a central pressure of 998 hPa at 14:50 pm, August 10th. About 2 hours later, Typhoon JANGMI changed into extratropical cyclone. Although dissipated early, it made disaster management officials nervous because there had been a huge damage by landslide just a few days ago. Therefore, the Minister of the Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS) held an emergency meeting with local government on August 9th as typhoon JANGMI could lead a more serious damages during monsoon season.
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